高中英语语法——分词的用法（29张）ppt课件

1、Function as adjectivesFunction as adverbs单个的v-ing方式 developing countries = countries that are developing an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody *常作前置定语，相当于定语从句Verb-ing短语The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laborator

2、y.They lived in a house facing south. *常作后置定语，也相当于定语从句 作定语的动词-ing方式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，那么需运用定语从句。昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。【误】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture. v-ing方式的完成式普通不作定语，只作状语。 被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。【误】The t

3、emple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.单个动词-ed方式作定语 A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。 All the broken doors and windows have been repaired. When we arrived, we each were given a printed question

4、paper. 提示 如表示强调，单个v-ed方式也可作后置定语。Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。*常作前置定语，相当于定语从句Verb-ed短语We have read many novels written by this author. (= that are written by this author) The meeting, attended by 1,000 students, was a success. (= which was attended by 1,000 students)*常作后置定语，也相当于定语从句1 1

5、及物动词的及物动词的-ing-ing方式作定语表示与被修饰名方式作定语表示与被修饰名词是自动关系，及物动词的词是自动关系，及物动词的-ed -ed 方式表示与被方式表示与被修饰名词是被动关系。修饰名词是被动关系。The group called Green Hand is trying to The group called Green Hand is trying to help protect the environment.help protect the environment.The group calling itself Green Hand is The group calli

6、ng itself Green Hand is trying to help protect the environment.trying to help protect the environment.2 2不及物动词不及物动词-ing-ing方式表示动词正在进展，方式表示动词正在进展，而而-ed-ed方式表示动作已完成，并不带有被动的方式表示动作已完成，并不带有被动的含义。含义。falling leavesfalling leaves 正在飘落的叶子正在飘落的叶子fallen leavesfallen leaves 落叶落叶 an escaped prisoner an escaped p

7、risoner = a prisoner who has escaped = a prisoner who has escaped 逃犯逃犯a retired worker = a worker who has a retired worker = a worker who has retiredretired退休工人退休工人动词-ing方式可以作状语，修饰动词，其动作执行者与句子主语是自动一致。在句中表示时间、缘由、结果、条件、退让、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing方式作时间、缘由、条件、退让状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。1 1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。表示

8、时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Having made full preparations, we are ready Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.for the examination.(= After we have made full preparations.)(= After we have made full preparations.)2 2 表示缘由，相当于一个缘由状语从句。表示缘由，相当于一个缘由状语从句。 Being ill, he didnt go to school ye

9、sterday. Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. (= Since he was ill.) (= Since he was ill.)3 3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。 His father died, leaving him a lot of money. His father died, leaving him a lot of money. (= and left him a lot of money.) (= and left him a lot of money.)4 4 表示条件，相当于一个

10、条件状语从句。表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. =If you work hard at your lessons.=If you work hard at your lessons.5 5 表示退让，相当于一个退让状语从句。表示退让，相当于一个退让状语从句。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the Knowing all this, they made m

11、e pay for the damage.damage.= Although they knew all this.= Although they knew all this.6 6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充阐明，相当于一个并表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充阐明，相当于一个并列构造。列构造。 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.long time.= .and stared at the sky for a long time=

12、 .and stared at the sky for a long time动词-ed方式作状语和动词-ing方式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、缘由、条件、退让、方式或伴随情况等。但其动作执行者与句子主语是被动一致。1 1 动词动词-ed-ed方式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时方式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。间状语从句。 Seen from the tower, the city looks Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. beautiful. = When the city is seen from the tower.

13、 = When the city is seen from the tower. 有时动词有时动词-ed-ed方式前可加连词方式前可加连词when, whilewhen, while等来强等来强调时间概念。调时间概念。 Once recovered, he went all out to do his Once recovered, he went all out to do his work.work.2 v-ed2 v-ed方式作状语表示缘由，相当于一个缘由状语从句。方式作状语表示缘由，相当于一个缘由状语从句。Moved by the heroic deeds, the children

14、Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldnt help crying.couldnt help crying.(= Since they were moved by the heroic (= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds .)deeds .)3 v-ed3 v-ed方式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。方式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Heated, water changes into steam. Heated, water changes into steam. (

15、= If water is heated.) (= If water is heated.)4 4 动词动词-ed-ed方式作状语表示退让，相当于一个方式作状语表示退让，相当于一个though/althoughthough/although引导的退让状语从句。引导的退让状语从句。Exhausted by the running, they went on Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.running after the robber.(= Although they were exhausted

16、by the (= Although they were exhausted by the running .)running .)为了使为了使-ed-ed方式表示的条件、动词退让意义更加方式表示的条件、动词退让意义更加明显，我们可以加上适当的连词。明显，我们可以加上适当的连词。Even if invited, I wont go. Even if invited, I wont go. Though beaten by the opposite team, they Though beaten by the opposite team, they did not lose heart. di

17、d not lose heart. Unless invited, he will not come back to Unless invited, he will not come back to the company. the company. 5 5 动词动词-ed-ed方式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况方式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充阐明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于或补充阐明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。一个并列分句。The teacher stood there, surrounded by the The teacher stood there, surrou

18、nded by the students. students. (= and he was surrounded )(= and he was surrounded ) Tell the functions: Tell the functions:Completely examined by the doctors, he Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away.went back to school right away.Having lived in this city for three

19、years, Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. she knows it very well. Laughed at by many people, he continued Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. his study. He went into the office, followed by many He went into the office, followed by many children. children. 时间时间缘由缘由退让退