【决战高考】高考英语专题复习教案：第五讲完形填空

1、一对一辅导教案一英语授课老师英语年级* -局二课时3课时教学课题二专项复习 完形填空（一）教学目标熟悉完型填空题型，掌握完型解题技巧教学重点 和难点研究历年的各套高考完形填空题，可以从具体的题目之中看出该题型中若干对我们解题非常有 帮助的共同特点：、从所选文章的角度体裁上，以叙为主，叙议结合。高考完形填空题的选材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或是叙议结合、以叙为主、富有哲理的论说文，这是和高考考生的语言水平紧密结合的。高考是各级各类英语测试中相对较简单的一种，因而采取了常见体裁中较简单的记叙文作为题目载体。因此，短文一般按照时间线索行文，内部逻辑清晰层次分明。题材上，选用真实世界中的语言材料，

2、考查考生使用语言进行信息获取和社会交际的能力，对心理问题、校园生活、奇闻轶事等热点话题继续关注，并兼顾高考的公平性原则，不涉及特定地域或人群色彩较浓的不具有一般性的话题。难度上，基本与现行高三教材相当。字数上，完形填空短文词数在240 320之间。教学过程 二、从所挖空格的角度首先，该题型所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空，目的是让考生熟悉语言环境，迅速进入主题，对文章有宏观和整体性的把握，建立正确的思维导向。正文中通常挖去20个词（组），平均每14词挖一个空格，通常不会出现两个空格前后相连或同一句子挖空超过三个的情况。其次，挖去的词汇以实词为主，虚词为辅。语言分为形式和内容两方面，而完形填

3、空题多重视考查语言的内容，这是与承载具体信息的实词紧密相关的。在高考对具体语法规则不断淡化的趋势下，常与语言形式即具体语法条目相关的虚词数量不断下降，目前仅在3个空格左右。最后，具体挖空的时候遵循“重复原则”，即挖去的词通常都在保留的上下文中给出解题的线索。并且，某特定空格的解题线索多不在本空格所在的句子，或上一句或下一句， 或上几句或下几句，所以我们在考场上应逾越空格所在的单句，结合更宏观的上下文来解题。三、从所拟选项的角度 同一空格所对应的 四个选项一般是同一词性 ，或在句子中充当同样的语法成分，这个拟选项时所应遵循的最基本的原则。在完形填空题中，具体的语法规则不再是考查重点，更强调的是辨

4、别词语之间的细微差异，考查考生对上下文的理解，要求考生通过具体的语言环境来做出选择。所以，所拟出的四个选项往往在语法方面都能成立，错误选项多半可以和空前、空后的文字形成某种考生非常熟悉的固定搭配，具有很强的干扰和迷惑作用。针对这种情况，考生们在解题过程中就更要紧抓文章主线，站在语篇的高度综合处理各选项的取舍。基于上述分析，我们在备考高考英语的完形填空部分时，应注意以下三方面：一、 语感的培养首先，不承认语感的存在， 否定语感在完形解题过程中的作用是不客观的。既然语感对解题可以形成有益的帮助，我们就要想方设法提高自己的语感。但是感觉这个东西说起来虚无缥缈，如何培养和提高呢？语法可以分成句法和词法

5、两部分，受此启发，我们也将语感这个东西一分为二，拆开变成句感和词感。文章可以看成纵横两个维度构成的，单句内部各成分有着横向的联系，而不同句子中各相同词性的词之间也有某种纵向的联系，这两类联系正好是对应句感和词感。所谓句感，可以通过梳理并分析句子内部不同成分的之间的关系来提高：把完形文章中各个句子独立出来，进行详细的语法分析，体会不同成分之间的相关性，进而对各成份如何构成句子有所把握；所谓词感，可以通过寻找并揣摩文章中各个句子之间相同词性的单词之间的联系来提高：把完形语段中所有已知和未知的同词性词汇找出来，体会他们的共性特点，进而对整个一类词都有所感悟。也就是说，在练习的时候， 只要坚持对每种词

6、性的单词，对每种结构的句子都进行细致的分析和思考，语感就会有与日俱增的提高。二、规律的总结纵观历年各地英语高考完形填空真题，会发现有些词汇和语法点是命题组所特别偏爱的，例如名词里的voice ,形容词里的surprise ,副词里的again ,动词里的continue ,经常出现在选项 之中，且多为正确项；而与之相对的，有些例如一些基本名词则几乎不会在试卷中出现。这说明，词汇表中几千单词并不是都同等重要，都要一一掌握详细的意思和用法的。总有一些单词是命题组偏爱的，总有一些是经常出现在高考试卷上的。如果我们在备考的时候能知道哪些词是经常出现的，对其额外的多加操练，就提高了备考的效率，无形节约了

7、时间，为自己增加了竞争力。那么，那些 词是命题人常用惯用的词呢，又有谁知道呢？其实很简单，历年真题就是一个非常好的样本。高考真题是考试大纲和考试说明最真实的体现和最权威的诠释。 通过对历年真题的观察、归纳和总结，我们就能够看到一些共性的现象，而这就是所谓的规律。很多同学总是很迷信什么类似“三长一短选一短，三短一长选一长，两长两短蒙C项”的所谓的“规律”，其实如果自己开动脑筋，也可以自己从历年真题中找到一些规律的。怎么 找呢，你把历年真题翻来覆去地看熟读透，然后把一些近似的题目归纳到一起，把具体的微观的差异都忽略掉，找出一些抽象的宏观的共同现象，这不就是规律么。真正会学习的人要学会自己去寻找规律

8、，而自己总结出来的规律是最有效也最有说服力的。真正的强者要善于向内寻求力量。三、省力的捷径背诵，是最好的最有效的解决方案。高考到来之前，每周背一篇完形填空的真题。从1996年开始，到现在不过数几套卷子，每套题中的完形填空就二三百字那么短短一篇。完形填空的文字因为其内部有复杂的关系、 精妙的结构、地道的表达，是高考试卷中最有价值的语篇，远比很多同学背诵的新概念更有效率和针对性。在没有时间和水平充分开发真题价值的时候，背诵不失为一个很好的选择。如果能把这数十几套真题或从中挑选出二十篇左右的语段背下来，完形填空对你来说将不再是什么困难或障碍。而且，从真实语段中积累的词汇、句型都能够在潜移默化中变成自

9、己的语言知识和技能，在再次面对完形的时候能够从容不迫游刃有余，而且在书面表达的时候更能给自己提供源源不断的灵感和原材料。反复朗读高考真题以至熟能成诵，不失为一个效率非常高的完形备考策略。解题技巧与方法指导完形填空特舌T1 .题材常为记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章.2 .内容完整，逻辑生强，语言结构严谨.3 .侧重于篇章，体现语用判断和内在逻辑4 .关注语境背景知识，侧重上下关联、暗示判断能力 .5 .考察重点多为实词：名词/代词/动词/形容词/副词等. 完形填空 能力训练目标：1 .语篇理解能力2 .词语辨析能力3 .语法结构分析能力4 .逻辑推理能力5 .文化背景透析能力6 .生活常识等综合运用能力

10、解题方法总的原则：先完意，后完形”八字方针：上下求索，瞻前顾后一、利用首句来解题，根据全文来选择首句一般不设空。 首句是了解文章全貌的窗口。读懂首句可以帮助建立正确的思维导向，对理解全文起着至关重要的作用。所以在仔细阅读首句后， 应快速阅读全文，确定文章的体裁、主旨和结构。因此我们应重视首句，并利用首句预测短文的问题和全文内容。1. I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was and when I was 14 he said, going to be anything but a failure.”A. brightB. u

11、seless C. simple D. Hopefula're nev2. Dorothy Brown was very happy as she sat in the theater listening to the music. Today her little daughter Lauren was giving her first concert. She had been waiting for this moment for years and years.Now it is here at last,she thought." HoW beautiful 

12、9;herThe song made her go back to the days when she was Laurens age. As a young girl, Dto be a concert singer She studied 2 in France, Italy and in the United States.u can become a'fine 3 in the future,“ her teachers told her.many years.1. A. voiceB.faceC. dress2. A. FrenchB.musicC. piano3. A. a

13、ctressB.studentC. singerBut you must be prepared to studD. lifeD.danceD. dancerorothy wc<oy hard an二、根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题.He 1 never criticizedjus, but used1. Our father was a struggling Ilqwyed but I always knew he was to bring out our best.A. strictB. honest_C. special D. learnedA. helpB. peace C. s

14、mile_D. praise2. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although his family often一 about that, Ed refused to buy a T-shirtA. caredB. forgotC. quarreledD. jokedA. cleanB. straightC. largerD. darker三、利用语篇标志解题常见语篇标志词语：结构层次:firstly, secondly, thirdly :.逻辑为1L: thus, th

15、erefore, so;.递进关荽：besides, what ' s more, futtherOL: but, while, however, on the other hand 等。She told the front-desk clerk she had had a(n) 一vacation, but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed.因此,我们要善叶找出（土找”）：一找.逻辑关系题（转折、,让步、解释、对立、因果、并列.、二找.NO

16、T （在原文中找not）三找.AND （在原文中找and）A. disappointing B. wondeful C. uncomfortable四、根据逻辑推理解题逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系（连接词有and, whileD. important总分、递进）等）；转折关系（连接词有but, however,nevertheless等）；因果关系（连接词有 so, therefore, thus, because, for, since, as等）；让步关系（连接词或短语有 though, although, despite, in spite of等）；条件关系（连接词或短语有 if, un

17、less, once,provided that, in case of 等）;解释关系（连接词或短语有 i.e., that is to say, in other words 等）；顺序关系（连接词有 before, after, and, first, second, and the officers then began to eat theirstrange quite pleasant taste.A. besidesB. butC. and五、根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择then, next, finally 等）。meal, saying that the mushrooms

18、 had a veryD. orThe amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. Owning springs andstreams sometimes means control, particularly in theareasike the deserlt.A. dry六、从语法角度来解题B. distant C. desertedD. wildI went into a caf and asked for a coffee . I was waiting for my drink, I

19、realized that there wereother people in the place, but I sensed loneliness.A . BeforeB. SinceC. AlthoughDWhile2. Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told someone you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then_later you had kept your mouth shut?23. A. wishedB.hopedC. blamedD. shared解题思路：利用语法分析解题

20、，选项中的动词都是过去式，其后句宾语从句had kept是过去完成时，故判断是虚拟。七、从惯用法和固定搭配方面来解题He was only four teen and was not good at swimming.So he shouldn.A.after allB. in allC.at allD. for all't have gone into thaplace.八、从词语辨析的角度来解题When, two weeks later, I _ this same boy, I was more aware of my position in Nigerian society.s

21、hould_enjoy Jthis country as the son of a minister.A. ran after B. ran intoC. ran overD. ran to九.从搭配习惯来解题英语语言中的很多词汇均以短语搭配的形式出现。在分析语境、理清空白处含义的基础上，利用对词?亡前后搭配的分析可以快速、准确地推断完形填空的未知信息。所谓前后搭配主要是指动词（名词、形容词等）与介词的搭配、动词与其宾语的搭配、句式结构和各种习惯搭配。在解答完形填空题时，充分考虑这些搭配关系，有助于我们做出正确选择。（一）动介搭配例 1 As she got off her bike and

22、put it against the gate post, she focused on the pathto thehouse and then on the house itself.A. getting B. introducingC. leading D. moving点睛C 此处lead与to搭配，意为 通往”。根据句意可知 C项正确。（二）动宾搭配例 2 It took me quite a while to get the metal footrest into.A. place B. actionC. playD. effect点睛A 此处get与into place拾配，意为

23、 把归位。作者是健康人，刚坐到轮椅上不会驾轻就熟，所以即便将脚蹬归位这样简单的动作，也竟然用了很长时间。（三）介词搭配例 3 I could never have enough of beingthem. However, that was long after those childhooddays.A. byB. forC. withD. to点睛C 本句表达了作者思念亲人的心情，意为：我与杀人们在一起，时1可再久、次数再多也不嫌多。be with sb与某人在一起。（四）句式搭配例 4 Well, relax and laugh about your mistakesyou're

24、 much less likely to make them again.A. ifB . andC. but D . before点睛B 本句是一个常用句型祈使句+ and+陈述句”，表示条件和结果的关系。（五）句型搭配例 5 I haven't had a phone in the house for three weeks now, and it's several daysI used aIphone box last time.A. asB. when C. ifD. since点睛D本题考查的是“it's时间段+ since句型，意为 自从已（多长时间了）”

25、。（六）习语搭配例 6"You should mind your own! ” Diane replied and walked into the gentle waves.A. business B. swimsuit C. friends D. parents点睛A 由前文信息可知，她应该是说你少管闲事"。mind one's own business意为 少管闲事”，符合语境。【活学活用】1. Intellectual Property（IP）（ 知识产权 ）is a product of the mind that has commercial value.

26、 The conceptback to 1623 when the first patent law to protect IP was passed.A .holdsB. datesC. setsD . turns2. It wasabeautifulletter, but there was no way, except for the name Michael, toidentify the owner.Maybe if I called the information centre, the operator could find a phone listing for the add

27、ress on theenvelope.Actually,Itook great tofind bothHannah and Michael, whostillremained single.A .painsB. risksC. actionsD. cautions3. Participating workplaces let employees wear jeans on October 5 for an MYM5 donation.way for everyone to fe el like they ' re making a , " says the Emm-winn

28、ing actress.A. differenceB. decision C. friendD. profit4. If someone else wishes to represent the idea or develop it further, he/she must consult the original artists, who will normally be financially for its use.A . rewarded B . praised C. awardedD . punished5. Strangely enough , she soon dreamt th

29、at she was a world-famous chef（主厨）.She made a andwore diamonds and designer clothes.A . decision B. fortuneC. business D . planB AAAB十.根据找复现同现解题复现复现是一种词汇衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等形式，重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确答案。(1)原词复现。为了表达的需要，在具体的上下文中同一个单词重复出现

30、。如：All of a sudden I started to feel rather. She wondered why I was looking for this sort of. I felt even more helpless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a job-wthout experience.A. encouragedB. dissatisfiedC. helplessD. pleasedA. placeB. jobC. adviceD. help(2)同义词、近义词复现。同义词、近义词复现是借助意

31、思相同或相近的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文的语义得以连接起来。如：That is what a hobby means, I guess. It is something we like to do in our spare time simply for theof it. The value in dollars is not important; we do it for the pleasure it gives us.A. benefitB. goodC. funD. interest(3)反义词复现。语意的连贯有时是通过对比结构而采用反义复现的手段，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以

32、解释，考生可以从反义的角度判断正确的选项。如：Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it |doesnyour money; it onll tightenS itA. loosen B. weaken C. decrease D. reduce(4)同源词复现。对于上下文语义复现的表达，还可借助复现信息的同源词或同根词。如：Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students. If a long reading

33、 assignment, is given, the instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the reading Whemesearch is , the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance.A. collected B. assigned C. distributed D. finished(5)上义词复现。上义词具有概括的作用。在篇章中，有时为了表达

34、的需要，作者会先概述，再分述。概述时用的为上义词，分述则用比较具体的下义词，两者为总分关系。如：Other times, he would join student groups to discuss a variety of : agriculture, diving and mathematics.A. questions B. subjectsC. mattersD. contents同现同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一句话或同一语篇中，以确保语篇的和谐性、得体性。 由于单词意义的差别、所使用的语境不同，因此所使用的上下文也各有差异。(1)场所同现。如：On days, she

35、wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves.A. sunnyB. rainyC. cloudyD. snowy修饰同现。如：Although these wide modern roads |are generally and well maintained, with little sharp curvesand many straight, a direct route is not always the most enjoyable oneA. stable_B. smoothC. splendidD. complicatedA. selectionsB. separationsC. seriesD. sections(3)因果同现。如：Hooray! ” shouted the crowd. It was the loudest I had ever heard at a meeting. The first-place runner was two laps ahead of me when she crossed the finishing line.A. cheer B.