高一英语五种基本句型及巩固练习

1、2022-1-112022-1-12英语五种基本句型及巩固练习 英语六种基本句型英语六种基本句型一. 主系表结构主系表结构二. 主谓结构主谓结构三三. 主谓宾结构主谓宾结构四四. 双宾语结构双宾语结构五五. 主谓宾补结构主谓宾补结构六六 There be 句型句型 一 主系表结构主系表结构1.表示特征和存在状态的表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;2.表示状态延续的表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep;3.表示状态变化的表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, f

2、all, come本结构是由本结构是由主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语组成，主要用组成，主要用以说明主语的以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份特征，类属，状态，身份等。等。系动词有系动词有:1. Our English teacher is thirty years old.2. The cake tastes delicious. 3. The potatoes went bad in the fields.4. Their boss seems satisfied with the work. 5. Deep water stays still.观察并分析下列句子观察并分析下列句子1冬季白天

3、短，夜晚长冬季白天短，夜晚长2十五岁他十五岁他就成为就成为有名的钢琴家了。有名的钢琴家了。 3孩子们很少孩子们很少保持保持安静。安静。In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.Children seldom keep quiet. 巩固练习：巩固练习：4树叶树叶已经变已经变黄了黄了5这个报告这个报告听起来听起来很有意思很有意思The leaves have turned yellow.The report sounds inter

4、esting作业：作业： 2022-1-18本结构是由本结构是由主语主语+ +不及物动词构成不及物动词构成, , 常用来常用来表示主语的动作。表示主语的动作。1. The red sun rises in the east.2. They had to travel by air or boat.二 主谓结构主谓结构冠词冠词地点状语地点状语 情态动词情态动词方式状语方式状语观察下列句子观察下列句子 3. She sat there, reading a novel.4. He came back when we were eating.5. Weak buildings will fall d

5、own in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.分析下列句子分析下列句子 巩固练习：巩固练习：1 1在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化大变化2 219191919年，在北京爆发了年，在北京爆发了“五五. .四四”运动。运动。 Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.3 3我的爷爷早晨起得很早。我的爷

6、爷早晨起得很早。4. 4. 正在睡觉的婴儿笑了正在睡觉的婴儿笑了.My grandfather gets up early in the morning.The sleeping baby smiles.作业：作业： 三三. . 主谓宾结构主谓宾结构1. Tom made a hole in the wall.2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow.3. They havent decided where to go next.4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.5. It took them ten

7、 years to build the dam. 本结构是由本结构是由主语主语+ +及物动词及物动词+ +宾语构成宾语构成。 宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。观察并找出下列句子中的宾语观察并找出下列句子中的宾语 2022-1-1131昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。 2这本书他读过多次了。这本书他读过多次了。3他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。巩固练习：巩固练习：I wrote a letter last night.He has read this book many times.They have carried out the p

8、lan successfully.4 4那位先生能流利地说三种语言。那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 5 5我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 6 6Jim Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。还不会自己穿衣服。 That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.I received a letter from my pen-friend in Australia.Jim cannot dress himself作业作业 He brings me good news every day. 四四. 双宾语结构双宾语结构此结构由此结

9、构由“主语主语+ +及物谓语动词及物谓语动词+ +间接宾语间接宾语（人）（人）+ +直接宾语直接宾语（事物）（事物）”组成。如：组成。如：间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语 2022-1-116说明：若要说明：若要先说出直接宾语（事物），先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词（人），则要借助于介词to或或for。如：。如： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.用用to侧重指动作的方向，表示侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着朝着，向着，对着某人。某人。用用fo

10、r 侧重指动作的受益者，侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助需借助to的的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；等；（需借助（需借助for 的）的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。等。1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。 2奶

11、奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3请把那本字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？ Would you please pass me the dictionary?Mr. Johnson taught us German last year.Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 巩固练习：巩固练习： Shall I call you a taxi? 4 4他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。 5 5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？作业：作业： He showed the tick

12、et to the conductor.2022-1-119The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.五五. 主谓宾补结构主谓宾补结构此结构由此结构由“主语主语+及物的谓语动词及物的谓语动词+宾语宾语+宾语宾语补足语补足语”构成。构成。若无宾语补足语，则句意不够若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：分析并判断下

13、列句子分析并判断下列句子 it it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。的句型结构方式。即：即：主语主语+ +谓语谓语+it+it+宾补宾补+ +真正宾语真正宾语I found it very pleasant to be with your family.明白下列句子明白下列句子 形式宾语形式宾语 真正主语真正主语 I found it is very pleasant to be with your family.区别？区别？ 巩固练习：巩固练习：1我们叫她

14、我们叫她Alice. 2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3他们把小偷释放了。他们把小偷释放了。 All of us considered him honest.They have set the thief free. We called her Alice.2022-1-1224.4.我要你把真相告诉我。我要你把真相告诉我。 5.5.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 I want you to tell me the truth.Every morning we hear him read English aloud.作业：作业： T

15、here stands a hill in the middle of the park.Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.六六 There be 句型句型此句型是由此句型是由“there+be+主语主语+状语状语”构成，构成，用以表达存在关系可以称用以表达存在关系可以称“有有”此句型有时不用此句型有时不用be动词，而用动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如：等。如：2022-1-124 be 与与其后的主语其后的主语在人称和数量上在人称和数量上

16、一致一致，有，有时时态和情态变化态和情态变化。如：。如： 现在有现在有 There is/are 过去有过去有 There was/were 将来有将来有 There will be； There is /are going to be. 现在已经有现在已经有 There has/have been 可能有可能有 There might be. 肯定有肯定有 There must be There must have been. 过去曾经有过去曾经有 There used to be 似乎有似乎有 There seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有碰巧有 There happe

17、n/happens/happened to be 巩固练习：巩固练习：1.这个村子过去只有一口井。这个村子过去只有一口井。 2.客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 There was only a well in the village.Among the guests，there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.2022-1-126vExercisesv分析下列句子结构。分析下列句子结构。vMary is a clever girl.vMy mother is more than forty this year. 主

18、语主语 谓语谓语表语表语主语主语谓语谓语表语表语时间状语时间状语2022-1-127vThe boy shouted loudly.vThey are playing happily in the park.主语主语谓语谓语主语主语谓语谓语地点状语地点状语2022-1-128vYour friend comes to school late.vYou will give the bill to your friend to pay.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语主语主语谓语谓语直接宾直接宾语语间接宾语间接宾语目的状语目的状语2022-1-1292022-1-130In the United Stat

19、es, there were 222 people 1_ （report） to be billionaires（亿万（亿万富翁）富翁） in 2003. The 2_ of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money 3_starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old 4_ he first helped to set 5_ the company in 1976. He was a billionaire by the

20、 time he was 31.reportedrichestbywhenup2022-1-1316_, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even 7_ （young） ages. Other young people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. 8_ of these child actors made over a million dollars 9_ （act） in movies bef

21、ore they were 14. But the youngest billionaire is Albert Von Thurn und Taxis of Germany, 10_ inherited （继承）（继承） a billion dollars when he turned 18 in 2001!HoweveryoungerBothactingwho2022-1-132 Finishing their shopping at the supermarket, a middle-aged couple found their new car 1_ （steal）. They fil

22、ed a report 2_the police station and a detective drove them back 3_ the parking lot to look for evidence. To their 4_ （amaze）, the car had been returned 5_ there was a note in it that said: “I apologize for taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to send her to the 6_ as soon as possibl

23、e. stolenattoamazementandhospital2022-1-133Please forget the inconvenience. There are two tickets 7_ tonights Rowan Atkinson concert.” Their faith in humanity restored（恢复）（恢复）. The couple attended 8_ concert. But when they returned home, they immediately found that their house 9_（be） ransacked （洗劫）（

24、洗劫）. On the bathroom mirror was 10_ note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, dont I?”forthehad beenanother2022-1-134写作练习：写作练习：假设你叫李明，你的美国朋友布鲁斯开始学习中国文学，来假设你叫李明，你的美国朋友布鲁斯开始学习中国文学，来信咨询鲁迅其人及作品。你回答介绍鲁迅，内容如下：信咨询鲁迅其人及作品。你回答介绍鲁迅，内容如下：1. 鲁迅原名周树人，浙江绍兴人。鲁迅原名周树人，浙江绍兴人。2. 为了国家，弃医从文。为了国家，弃医从文。3. 著名的作家，思想家，而且还是中国现代文学的开创者。著名的作家，思想家，而且还是中国现代文学的开创者。4. 小说被译成多种文字，并被制成电影，如小说被译成多种文字，并被制成电影，如阿正传阿正传，祝福祝福这两部影片。这两部影片。5. 一些作品还被选入了中学和大学课本。一些作品还被选入了中学和大学课本。参考词汇：参考词汇： 阿正传阿正传