初高中语法衔接-时态语态

1、初高中语法衔接一一动词时态及语态语法学习表时态意义标志词语构成公式被动语态一般现在时经常性、习惯性的动作， 存在的状态，或客观真 理often, always, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day主语+V原形(主语是第三人称单数时，V力口 s或es)主语 +is /am/are+V过分现在进行时现在正在发生的动作now , Look!, Listen!, at this moment主语 +am/is/are+V-ing主语+am/is/are+being+V过分现在完成时过去的动作对现在有影 晌或过去的动作一直持 续到现在already ,

2、yet ,since, so far主语 +have/has +V 过分主 语 +have/has +been+V 过分一般过去时过去发生的动作yesterday , last week, - ago, in 1998, just now主语+V过去式主语 +was/were +V过分过去进行时过去时间内正发生的动 作或存在的状态at this time yesterday, just then, at 6:00 last Sunday, when+ -M过 去时主语 +was/were+V-ing主语+was/were+being+V过分过去完成时过去已完成的动作by the end of

3、+ 过去的 时间，by the time + 一 般过去时主语+had+V过分主语 +had+been+V过分一般将来时将要发生的动作或将来 的状态tomorrow, next week, in the future, in two days, in 2100主语 +am/is/are going to +V原形，或主语 +will+V 原形主语+will be+V过分过去将来时过去时间内将要发生的 动作或存在的状态常用于主句是一般过 去时的宾语从句主语 +was/were+goingto+V原形，或主语+would +V 原形主语 +would+be+V过分现在完成进 行时过去的动作一直延续

4、到 现在“since+时间点/从句/ 时间点ago"或"for+ 时间段”主语+have/has+been+V-ing含情态动词can/may/must 等+V 原形can/may/must 等+be +V过分考点精讲考点1 一般现在时有哪些特殊用法？(1)表示此时此刻正在发生的动作或存在的状态。What s the time now?现在几点了 ？(2)在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中(主句为一般将来时)。I ll call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing tomorrow.明天至U北京， 我就给你打电话。(3)在主句为过去时态的复合

5、句中，如果宾语从句陈述的是客观真理，从句用一般现在时。The teacher said Maria is a girl.老师说玛利亚是个女孩。(4)表示书、信、报纸、通知、广播、告示牌等的内容用一般现在时。It says, Cl6sed".上面写着，"停止营业"。专练用所给动词的适当形式填空1、 Three plus two (be) five.2、There (go) the bell!3、Light (travel) faster than sound.4、 If you (ask) her tomorrow, she will help you.5、The

6、notice (say) “No Smoking!".考点2 如何使用used to?used to后加动词原形表示“过去常常”，其疑问句和否定句可直接使用used,也可彳t助于did。I used to be afraid of dark .我过去常怕黑。He usedn't to ride to school.他过去不常骑车去上学。He used to smoke, didn't he?他过去常抽烟，是吗？注意：be used to doing意为"习惯做某事"，be used to do意为"被用来 "，不要混淆。专练按要

7、求变化下面的句型1、She used to play near the river.(改为否定句 )2、 The children didn't use to come here early,?(补全反意疑问句 )考点3 一般将来时有哪些形式？(1) “ be going to+动词原形”表示计划或打算在最近要做的事。I'm going to take you to the park.我打算带你去公园。(2) “wiH/shall+动词原形”是单纯的将来时，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。He will come back next week.他下周回来。(3) “be+动词不定式

8、”结构，表示按计划要发生的事，或用来征求对方意见。We are to meet outside the park.我们约定在公园外面见。Am I to go on with the work? 这工作我是不是接着干下去？(4) “be about+动词不定式”结构，表示即将做某事，一般不用时间状语。It is about to rain.天要下雨了。(5)现在进行时可用于表示马上要发生的动作，多用于瞬间动词( start,begin,die等)。I m leaving for Shanghai.我要去上海了。专练按要求变化下面的句型1、Have you finished your homewo

9、rk? Not yet. I (this afternoon).2、Where are you going this Sunday? (the zoo).考点4 哪些动词没有进行时？表示感觉、情感、状态、 看法、意愿的动词一般没有进行时，这类动词有：hear, see, smell, look, seem, think,like, want, hope, belong, cost, weigh, prefer, remain, have, own, believe 等。专练改正下面每个句子中的错误1、I'm hearing a strange noise now.2、 Now you

10、are looking beautiful.考点5现在完成时和一般过去时有什么区别？二者表示的动作都在过去发生。现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响和结果，不能与表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时只表示过去的事实，与现在没有关系。 Have you done your homework?你做作业了吗？一Yes, I have.做了。 When did you do it?什么时候做的？一 Last night.昨天晚上。专练根据所给的动词短语，分别用一般过去时和现在完成时造句1、go to the beach2、not hear of that考点 6 have been to, have b

11、een in和 have gone to有何区另1J?have been in 表示 “在某地 "；have been to 表示 “去过“ 某地，常与 ever, never , before, once ,twice等连用；have gone to表示“去了”某地，人可能在途中或已到达那里。专练 用 have(has) gone to, have (has)been to, have(has) been in 填空1、Tim out. He 'll be back in an hour.2、Jim this city for two years.3、you ever Ji

12、nan? It has some famous springs.考点7现在完成时的句子，谓语何时用瞬间动词，何时用延续动词？若表示持续性的动作，常与表示一段时间的状语如these days, in the past few years, during the last threemonths, for two years, so far, up to now, till now, recently 等连用。The old man has been away from home for twenty years.那老人离开家已十年了。注意：瞬间动词不能与持续性的完成时连用，必须改为延续动词，记住

13、下面的瞬间动词与延续动词的换用：1、 动词变动词： buy-have, borrowfkeep2、变为 “be+adj./adv." ： begin-be on, close/opeir be closed/open, diefbe dead, finish f be over, get up - be up, marry f be married, go f be off, comef be here, return f be back, arrive f be here3、变为“be+介词短语"：come/go fbe in/at, join f be in(或&quo

14、t;be+成员"),put on f wear(或 be in)I came to this school ten years ago. = I have been in this school for ten years. = Ten years has passed since I came to this school. = It is ten years since I came to this school.专练 A)用所给动词的适当形式填空1、I (buy) this bicycle for five years.2、You can (borrow ) it for tw

15、o days.3、The film (begin) for five minutes.4、How long you (go) this school?5、My brother(join) the army since 1999.6、I ( put on) the shoes since three years ago.7、The old man (die) since 2000.B )将下面的句子变为同义句8、They got married two years ago. It since they got married.9、We came to this school three year

16、s ago.We this school three years.10、I have been up for two hours. Two hours I got up.考点8如何将主动语态变为被动语态？主动句变为被动句的方法是：一看动词，二换主语，三变谓语。(1) 主动句有双宾语，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，但若将直接宾语用作主语，后面要使用to或for引出间接宾语。He gave me a book yesterday.fI was given a book yesterday./A book was given to me yesterday.(2 )动词短语是一个不可分的整体，变化时不能

17、丢掉介词或副词。You should speak to me politely. f I should be spoken to politely.(to 不可少)(2) 主动句的主语若是地点名词，变化时不要忘记加介词。Shandong produces salt. fSalt is produced in Shandong.(4 )带宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，宾补在原位置不动。I saw a man playing basketball there. fA man was seen playing basketball there.(5 )在主动句中某些动词后的不定式可省略to,但在被

18、动句中to要补出。Our parents make us study hard. fWe are made to study hard.专练将下面句子的主动语态变为被动语态，被动语态变为主动语态1、The students clean the room every day.2、She gave me twenty yuan last week.3、A present was bought for me by my sister.4、The girl has taken care of the blind men for five years.考点9哪些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义？(3) 系

19、动词，如 look, feel, taste, smell等。The music sounds beautiful.这音乐听起来很美。(4) sell, feel, write, drive, open等词作不及物动词，其主语为物时。This kind of clothes sells well.这种衣服卖得很好。(5) 在 be worth doing sth.中的 doing。The basketball match is well worth watching.这场篮球赛很值得看。(6) 在need ,want, require等表示“需要"的动词后接V-ing形式表示被动意义

20、，相当于to be done。My kite wants mending.我的风筝需修理。专练 用所给动词的适当形式填空。1、The fur of the cat (feel) very warm.2、The apples (taste) good.3、This kind of food (smell) hot.4、The latest model cars ( sell) well.5、The ball-pen (write) smoothly.6、Your coat (not wash) easily.7、The book is worth (read).8、Your hair wants

21、 (cut).考点10被动语态有哪些习惯用法？It is said that 据说 It is well known that众所周知 It is reported that 据报道It is believed that 大家相信It is said that it will rain tomorrow.据说明天要下雨。专练 根据汉语提示，用适当的词填空，完成下面的句子1、 (据说) we will have an English exam tomorrow.2、(众所周知)most families have one bike at least.3、 (大家相信 )our governmen

22、t will solve this problem.考点11如何判断时态？遇到时态判断题可按以下步骤判断：一找标志(词)，二想公式，三写变化。首先找出时态标志词，如：He (not talk) now.其标志词是 now。再根据标志词确定用哪些时态，想想其公式。如now是现在进行时的标志，公式是 am/is/are+V-ing。注意：看句式是疑问句还是否定句，写出变化形式。如上题是否定句，故填isn't talking o中考英语试题精选一动词时态与语态,then it by millions ofpeople .A. will see【1湖北襄樊】2. -I-Have a good

23、trip !A.visit【1 辽宁沈阳】 .Tomorrow there's a programme about our school on TVB. sawC. will be seen D. was seenthe Great Wall next week .B. visitedC.amvisitingD.have visited【1山东东营】3. HeA. wentB. will gogoneD. has been【1 安徽省卷】4. - Are you going to the party?to Dongying many times, so he knows every c

24、orner of it.C. has-5 -A. have asked-No, because IB. haven't askedC. have been askedD. haven't been asked【1 河d 匕省卷】 5. This term over. The summer vacation is coming in two weeks.A. isB. wasC. has-11 -D. did; startC.are needed this November in Guangzhou.C. was to be held D. would be held ETime

25、s. And the computer isB. willC. have enteredIs that Mr. JiangbeenD. will be【1 湖北武汉】6. -When you to learn to skate?-Five years ago.A. do; startB. will; startC. had; started【1 福建？晋江】7. - I want to teach in Tibet when I graduate from the college.-Me too. Teachers very much there.A. needB. are needing【1

26、 湖北咸宁】8. 一 The 1 Asian Sports Meet -Yes. I wish Chinese players will do well.A. will be heldB. have been held【1 黑龙江哈尔滨】9. Great changes have taken place since wewidely used throughout the world .A. enteredenter【1贵州铜仁】10. -Hello!-No ,he Guiyang .He will be back in more than two weeks.A. goesB. wentC.

27、 has gone to【1 江苏镇江】11. The SummeiPalace is wonderful. Have you ever visited Yes. Also, we to the Great Wall.A. have goneB. have been【1 江苏苏州】12. What do you think of the filmC. had gone "Avatar" ?D. has been to any other interesting places?D. had beenIt ' s fantastic . The only pity is

28、 that I the beginning of itA. missedB. was missingC. missD. will miss【1 甘肃？兰州】 13. In the past few years there great changes in my hometown.A. have beenB. wereC. hadbeenD. are【1 湖北宜昌】14. - There' s too much salt in the Chinese diet.-So there is. The WHO says only 1.5 grams of salt for each man e

29、very day.A. is neededB. needsC. will needD. hasneeded【1 广东广州115. Excuse me, what's this for?It's a cleaner and it to pick up dirt.A. usesB is usedC isusingD. used【1 四川？达州】16. When we got to Yushu airport , we were told that they more than 500from the ruins （ 废墟）by earthquake.A. has savedB. s

30、avedC. had savedsaved【1 宁夏】17. -Have you read this book?-Yes. I it two weeks ago.A. am readingB. have readC. will readreadA. am doingB. were doingC. was doing【1 重庆】18. If you to the 1 Shanghai Expo next month, I will go with you.A. goB. has goneC. will gopeopleD. haveD.D.are going【1浙江？义乌】19 ItA. is

31、allowedto drive after drinking wine.B. is not allowedC. is madeD. iswelcomed【2 山东临沂】20. Chen Guangbiao says heA. leavesB. leftC. will leaveall his money to charities when he dies.D. would leavelet you go out.A. don't【2?山东青岛】B. didn'tC. won'tD. haven'tA. did; arrive arriving【3山东滨州】22.

32、 Hello! I'm very glad to see you. WhenB. will; arriveyouC. have; arrivehere?D. are;A. read23. We know that she enjoysB. reads C. reading books very much.D. to read【3 山东滨州】24. My pen pal Andrew found it difficultChinese wellA. learning learnB. learnD. learnedC. to【2 山东威海】21. Mom, when can I go ou

33、t to play football?-Finish your homework first, or Ito smoke.【3.山东荷泽】 25. As one of the school rules, middle school students are notA. ordered B. refused C. allowed D. forbidden【3.山东荷泽】 26. Our foreign teacher Mr Green us English since three years ago.A. has taught B. is teaching C. taughtD. teaches

34、【3 山东济南】27. Why do you want to stay at home?-Because IA. smeltgood when I am with my family.B. feelC. taste D. sound【3 山东济南】28. Your paintings are so great, David! When did you learn Three years ago.A. to meetB. to swimC. to paintD. to sing【3山东济南】29. Do you know Tom? Sure, we haveA. leftin the same

35、village for many years.B. livedC. come D. gone【3 山东济宁】30. Sorry, Mr Green. I have-Never mind. But don't forger next time.my homework at home.A.putB.keptC.leftD. remainedNet Mother with me?【3 山东济宁】31. Will you go and see the movie Thank you.A.sawBut Iit already.B. have seenC. seeD.will see【3山东聊城】 Yes. IA. get to know32. 一 Do you know the Englishman? him for two years.B. have known C. knewD. got to know【3 山东临沂】33. Traveling to space is no longer in the near future.justa dream. Russiathe first hotel in