动词的时态和语态(简单)

1、动词的时态和语态一） 一般现在时（表日常行为、习惯、客观情况或按计划安排好的行为等）；常见的时间状语有：every day, every morning, often, usually, always, sometimes, once a week, every other day 等。 一般现在时有一个要把握的重点是：第三人称单数 作主语时，谓语动词要加s或es。第三人称单数常指单个的人、人名、物体、动物或指示代词等。女口： he, she, it, the boy, a man, Liping,my brother, our English teacher, a dog, a city,

2、the river 等。观察下列句子，并把它们改成否定句：1. Lilei has his breakfast at 6:00 every morning.2. My father watches TV every evening.3. My parents watch TV every evening.4. Jack goes to work at 7:30 on weekdays.5. Tim ofte n plays football with his classmates in the after noon.6. They ofte n play football in the aft

3、er noon.7. There are 60 students in our class.8. Liming is very interested in physics.翻译下列句子：1. 李东每天做运动，他的身体很强壮。 2. 李明喜欢玩电脑游戏。 3. 他们通常晚饭后去散步。4. 李阳是中国人，但他的英语讲得非常棒。5. 李平学习非常刻苦，又常常帮助同学，但他不喜欢做运动。二）一般过去时（表示在过去的某个时间发生的动作或状态，常跟表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, the day before yesterday, yesterday mornin g/eve nin g,

4、 last ni ght, last year, last summer, last week, 10 years ago, a moment ago, just now（冈U才）,in 1999, the other day（前几天）,in the past, 等） 观察下列句子，并把它们改成否定句：1. My head teacher was in the office just now.2. I stayed at home last ni ght.3. They lived in Africa 10 years ago.4. They enjoyed themselves at the

5、 party last Saturday night.翻译下列句子：1. 我昨天下午在超市买了一双运动鞋。 2. 上个星期天我和父母去了动物园，我们在那儿玩得很开心。3. 我前几天给叔叔写了一封信。4. 那位音乐家上周就离开伦敦了。 二）现在进行时（1）表示正在进行的动作；（2）表示当前一段时间内或现阶段正在进行的动作；基本句式（主语 +（am, are, is）+doing1. 观察下列句子，并把它们改成否定句：2. The secretary is writing a report in the office （now）.3. The students of Class 3 are pla

6、nting trees on the hill.4. He is living in the countryside.翻译下列句子：1. 我妈妈在看电视，父亲在看报纸。2.四）过去进行时（表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作）基本句式（主语 +waswere+doing）观察下列句子（注意句子的时间状语）1.1 was doing my homework at 8:00 last ni ght.2. We were havi ng a chemistry less on this time yesterday.3. He was writing an article last week

7、but he hasn ' t finished it yet.4. Mother was cooking when I got home.5. While we were having supper, John was talking on the phone.6. We were walking on the street when suddenly we saw a traffic accident.翻译下列句子：1 .昨天下午4: 00我们在进行排球比赛。 2 .昨天这个时候我们在实验室做实验。2. 当我到达火车站的时候，天在下雨。3. 当我见到他的时候，他在给孩子们讲故事。五

8、）一般将来时（用来表示单纯将来的动作、行为和打算）基本句式 1.主语 +will do2.主语 +isare going to do3. I/We +shall do 也可（will do） 4.主语 +am/are/is doing 观察下列句子（注意句子的时间状语）1. We will a class meeting this afternoon.2. Professor Joh n will give us a lecture on environmen tal protect ion this afternoon.3. He will take you to the Great Wal

9、l if you come next time.4. What are you going to do after you graduate from college?5. The meeting will be held in the hall at 4:00 this afternoon.6. Our manager is coming back in a few days. 或:Our manager will come back in a few days.7. He is leaving for London next week.8. I m going to Beijing tom

10、orrow.go, leave, come, return等常用进行时表示将来的动作动词的时态和语态（二）一般现在时翻译参考答案：1. Lidong does some sports every day and he is very strong.2. Liming likes to play computer games.3. They often go for a walk after supper. 4. Liyang is a Chinese, but he speaks English very well 4. Liping works very hard and often hel

11、ps other students, but he doesn' t like to do sports.一般过去时翻译参考答案：1.1 bought a pair of shoes in the supermarket yesterday afternoon. 2. My parents and I went to the zoo last Sunday, and we had a good time there. 3. I wrote a letter to my uncle the other day （a few days ago）. 4. The musician left

12、London last week.现在进行时翻译参考答案：1. My mother is watching TV , while my father is reading a newspaper.2. Look! The boys of my class are playing football.过去进行时翻译参考答案：1. We were having a volleyball match at 4:00 yesterday afternoon.2. We were doing an experiment in the lab this time yesterday.3. It was ra

13、ining when I got to the railway station. 4. He was telling a story to the children when I saw him.六）现在完成时基本句式主语+have（has） done基本使用情况：1.到现在（目前）为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作，不提及动作的具体时间。2. 过去的动作一直持续到现在，并有可能还会延续下去。观察下列句子：1.1 have already repaired the VCD player.2. Ms Nancy has worked in China since 1984.3. I have coll

14、ected over 500 Chinese stamps since I came to China last year.4. I have lived in Huizhou for 20 years.5. I haven ' t heard from Tsmfar.6. He has just come back from abroad.7. I have never seen a robot before.8.1 have bee n to Beiji ng three times.9. In the last 15 years, Project Hope has raised

15、much money and built thousands of schools in the coun tryside.和现在完成时搭配的常用时间状语有：recently, so far（到目前为止）， already, yet, just（刚刚），today, this week（year）, never, once, twice, three times, in the pastlast few years最 近几年）,si nee 1949 等等,up till now, 注意：短暂动词不能用于完成时表示持续性：如：leave, joi n, receive, hear from,

16、beg in, start, marry, get married, die, buy, borrow, come, go, get up, fall asleep等。 另外：短暂动词的否定形式可以表延续,女口：1. I have n ' t heard from Joh n for several mon ths. I have n' t see n you for a long time.翻译下列句子：1. 我们刚刚把教室打扫了。 2 .玛丽病了有一个礼拜了。 3. 到目前为止，我没收到麦克的来信。 4. Mike在这家公司工作了十多年了。 5. 我从来没有去过香港。6.

17、他最近取得了很大进步。七）过去完成时 （表示过去某个时间或某个动作之前已经完成的动作，也叫过去的过去）基本句式主语+had done观察和熟读下列句子（留意时间状语）1. The film had begun when I got to the cinema.2. Karl Marx had learned some English before he came to London.3. I had finished writing the article by 11:00 last night.4. The workers had completed the bridge by the en

18、d of last month.5. Tom said he had visited the Great Wall before.6. I didn ' t go to see the movie last night becausead seen it.7. They had lived in Beijing for 10 years before they moved to Shanghai.翻译下列句子：1. 当我到会议室的时候，会议已经开始了。2. 老师进来的时候，同学们已把作业做完了。3. 玛莉说她已收集了 500多张中国硬币了。4. Mike在来我们学校之前在上海教过五年书

19、。5. 当我到家的时候，哥哥已经把电脑修好了。 八） 过去将来时（在过去的某个时间说（看）将来发生的动作）基本句式 主语 +would do, 主语 +was/were going to do,观察下列句子（注意过去将来时所运用的语言环境）Tom said he would help me with my English.She asked me ifwhether I was going to play the guitar at the party.I was sure they would succeed.一般过去时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时的区别观察下列句子，体会并理解几种时

20、态的区别：1. My brother has already repaired the computer.2. My brother repaired the computer yesterday.3. My brother had repaired the computer whe n I got home.4. My brother was repairi ng the computer whe n I got home.注意：这几种时态的区分主要靠理解意思和看时间状语（请同学们理解八种时态运用的背景，熟读并消化例句）请用Jim,do his homework和Jim, clean the

21、 room造八个不同时态的句子 （务必要加上 时间状语以示区分）动词的时态和语态(三)现在完成时参考译文：1. We have just cleaned the classroom.2. Mary has been ill for a week.3.1 haven ' t heard from Mike so far. I haven' t received a letter from Mike so far.4. Mike has worked in this company for more than 10 years. (more than=over)5. I have

22、never been to Hong Kong.6. He has made goodgreatmuch progress recently.过去完成时参考译文：1. The meeting had begun when I got to the meeting-room.2. The students had finisheddone their homework when the teacher came in.3. Mary said she had collected more than 500 Chinese coins.4. Mike had taught in Shanghai

23、for 5 years before he came to our school.5. Brother had repaired the computer when I got /arrived home.动词的被动语态观察下列句子(留意各种时态和情态动词的被动语态)1. English is spoken in many countries.2. The children are taken good care of in the kindergarten.3. A new car factory will be built in this city this year.4. Wangwei

24、 was praised by the teacher for what he had done.5. I can ' t drive you there. My car being repaired in the garage.6. The flowers were being watered when I got home.7. My car has already been repaired.8. My car had been repaired when I came back.9. The work must be finished today.10. The old sho

25、uld be respected.Or: The old ought to be respected.你能根据以上句子归纳出被动语态的基本结构吗？女口 (1) 一般现在时：主语 +(am,are,is)+done,(2)般过去时：主语+(4)现在进行时：主语+(6) 现在完成时：主语+(3) 一般将来时：主语+(5)过去进行时：主语+(7) 过去完成时：主语+(8) 情态动词用法：主语+请用 the house, clean 和 the car, repair 造出各种时态及含有情态动词的被动态的句 子：(要注意被动态的基本结构，并努力在句中创造一个能使用该时态的语境)例如：The house

26、 is cleaned every day一般现在时)The car was repaired yesterday.(一般过去时)用动词的适当形式填空(请注意时间状语):1. My brother(stay) in Beiji ng for 5 days last summer vocati on.2. Theylive) in Beiji ng for 10 years before they moved to Shan ghai.3. Mr. Jones(work) in Beiji ng now. He(live) in Beiji ng since 1990.4. We(have) a

27、 physics less on this time yesterday.5.1 (visit) many places of in terest since I came to China last year.6. Jim(make) great progress in his maths recently.7. The discussion (begin) when I got to the meeting-room.8. The fire(put out) when the firemen arrived at the building.9. The workers(complete)

28、the project by the end of last year.10. Please give Tom the photos as soon as he(come) back.11. I won ' t go to the cinema with you because I(see) the film last week.12. The computer(play) an important role in our daily life but it(invent)only last cen tury.13. An awful accident(take place ) her

29、e a few days ago.14. Tom(do) his homework when his parents came back from work.15. Tom usually(do) his homework after school in the after noon.16. I(buy) this radio here yesterday, but it doesn' t work.17. Tom said he(help) me with my English.18. A new toy factory _ (build) in our hometown next

30、year.19. The director(interview) now. I' m afraid he can ' t meet you at the moment.20. The old in our village enjoy a happy life because they(take good care of).21. The murderer(凶手)(catch) by a PLA man when the police arrived.22. Ted(kill) when he was trying to save a child in an earthquake

31、.23. The 2012 Olympic Gameshold) in Lon do n, Brita in.24. The car(repair) last night and I can drive it to Guangzhou today.25. The problem(discuss) now.26. The problem(discuss) tomorrow.27. (try) your best, and I think you will be successful.28. It won ' t be long before we(know) the result of

32、the experiment.29. All construction(建筑)work for the Beijing Olympics(complete) by 2006.30. (kno ck) at the door before en teri ng, please.31. What' s that terrible noise? The n eighbours(prepare) for a party.32. The bridge(complete) by the end of last year.33. The country life (cha nge) greatly

33、since 1992.34. He(lear n) over 5,000 En glish words whe n he en tered the uni versity at 15.35. I(play) ping- pong quite well, but I haven' t had time to play since the New Year.36. -What happened to the priceless works(作品)of art?-They(destroy) in the earthquake.37. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday(decide) yet.38. Over a doze n stude nts in the school(se nd) abroad to study medici ne last year.39. We(in vite) to a dancing party last Saturday.40. My brother is an actor. He(appear) in several films so far.41. Joh n and I(be) friends for eight years. We first got to