2018年中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案(单项选择动词和动词短语)

1、2018年中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案（单项选择动词和动词短语）2018年中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案（单项选择动词和动词短语）一、行为动词行为动词是能独立作谓语的动词，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动 词。1 .及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整，后面要跟一个名词或代词等作宾语才能使其意思完整。动词十宾语，如： buy some books买一些书；动词十宾语十宾补，如： find the book interesting发现这本书有趣；动词十间接宾语十直接宾语，如： give me some money给我一些钱。常见带双宾语 的词有： give, pass, buy, off

2、er, teach, tell 等。2 .不及物动词不及物动词自身意思完整，无需接宾语。后接宾语时，必须先加介词、副词等，使其 变成及物的动词短语。如：He arrives early every morning.他每天到得很早。They are looking at the blackboard.他们在看黑板。3 .有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。如： She sings very well.她唱得很好。（sing是不及物动词）She sang an English song just now.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。（sing是及物动词）4 .常见行为动词辨析spend, cost

3、. take 与 payspend指花费时间或者金钱，后接 on sth或（in）doing sth; cost的主语为物，意为“值 多少钱”；take表示花费多少时间，可用于固定句型It+takes/took+sb.+时间+to do sth; pay与介词for连用。如：He spends two hours in doing his homework every day.他每天花两小时做作业。The car cost him a lot of money.这辆车花了他好多钱。It took me half an hour to clean the room.我花了 半小时打扫房间。I p

4、aid 40 yuan for the book.这本书我花了 40 块钱。5 borrow , lend 与 keep三者都可表示“借”，但是borrow指“借入，借进（从他人那里借某东西为自己所用）”，常用短语：borrow sth. from sb./sp. ; lend 指“借出去（借给他人）”,常用短语：lend sth. to sb. /lend sb. sth.（通常跟双宾语）。区别时关键看主语，是主语借给别人就是lend,主语向别人借就是borrow; keep是延续性动词，常与表示一段时间的状语连周，表示“借多长时间”。如：My sister often borrows bo

5、oks from the library.我妹妹常从图书馆借书。I lent my bike to Jim yesterday.我昨天把自行车借给杰姆了。How long can I keep the book?这本书我能借多久？SP speak, say, talk 与 tellspeak意为饼话”，着重指在会议上的演 讲，或指讲某种语言等。say意为说”，着重说的内容，用作及 物动词。talk意为谈话，着重双方交谈。talk to/with sb about sth表小和某人谈 论某事tell意为告诉"，一般接双宾语。tell astory,饼故事"tell a lie

6、 ,撒谎"。如：He can speak Chinese.他能说中文。Please say it in English.请用英语说。They are talking about it.他们在谈论这事。He can tell you something about his family.他会告诉你有关他家的事。 forget 与 leaveforget意为 忘记（记忆中的东西）”。表示 遗忘“时，不能同表示地点的词语连用；leave 意为 落下，遗落”，指把某物遗忘在某个地方，后接表示地点的词语。I've forgotten his name.我已忘了他的名字。He left

7、his English book at home.他把英语书忘家里了。例题 l- How long have you the iPad?-Only two days. I will return it to Jack this afternoon.A. boughtB. hadC. borrowed D. kept【解析】D bought和borrowed都是短暂性动作，had作延续性动词意为买”,kept作延续性动词意为借，保留”。根据问句意思平板电脑你借多久了？”选择延续性动词“kept, ”故选C项。例题 2 Many people can not afford one house in

8、 life because it too much.A. spendsB. costsC. paysD. takes【解析】B句意：许多人一辈子买不起房因为房子太贵了。it指房子”，物作主语，谓语动词要用cost表示花费。故选 B项。 二、连系动词连系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状 态、性质、特征或身份。常见的系动词分类如下:分类例词例句be动词am, is, are, was, wereShe is a girl with short hair.她是个留短发的女孩。感官类系动词look, sound, smell, feel, tasteHis pla

9、n sounds wonderful.他的计划听起来很棒。变化类系动词become, get, grow, go, turnHer face turned red.她的脸变红了。状态类系动词keep, stay, remainThe shop stays open till 9 pm.这家店开到晚上 9点。注意:1 .系动词十形容词，构成系表结构。2 .系动词没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。如：这条裙子摸起来很舒服。（汉译英）The dress feels comfortable （正确）The dress is felt comfortable （错误）例题 -Three-D printin

10、g technology could be used to build a house in lessthan 24 hours.-It amazing. It's my first time to get to know the news.A. looksB. smellsC soundsD. tastes【解析】C考查感官类系动词辨析。look。看起来"；smell闻起来"；sound听起来”； taste尝起来由后句 这是我第一次了解这个消息 “可知 消息”是听起来惊人。故选C项。 三、助动词助动词本身没有意义，它只是帮助主要动词构成谓语，表示疑问、否定、时态

11、、语态 等。有些单词并不是固定的助动词，如动词be、have、do等在句子中与主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、否定句、疑问句时，才担当起助动词的作用。常见的助动词还有 will, shall,would, should 等。分类作用beam/is/are+现在分词一现在进行时 was/were+现在分词一过去进行时 be+过去分词一被动语念do形式后do, does, did ,用于构成疑问句和否te句，或用在动词原 形前加强语气。havehave/has+过去分词一现在完成时 had+过去分词一过去完成时will/shall/would/shouldwill/shall+动词原形一一般将来时

12、would/should+动词原形一过去将来时例题- -the exchange students visit the Great Wall the day after tomorrow?- -Yes, they are, I think.A. Will; /B. Shall; / C. Is; going to D. Are; going to【解析】D 根据问句中"the day after tomorrow后答句中"they are得知选用将来时态的"be going to结构，主语是复数。故选 D项。四、动词短语以动词为中心构成的短语称为动词短语。 动词短

13、语的类别和用法类别用法常见的动词短语动词十介 词这类短语动词后跟宾语时，宾语 都须置于介词之后。look for, look after, wait for, talk about, shout at, shout to, work on, hear from, think of, depend on, belong to动词十副 词及物性质的短语动词后跟名词 （词组）作宾语时，宾语置于副 词前后均可；后跟代词作宾语时， 宾语要置于副词之前。cheer up, clean up, put up, fix up, work out, give out, give away, think over

14、, hand in, put on, try on, put away, pick up, give back动词十副 词+介词这类短语动词后跟宾语时，宾语 应置于介词之后。catch up with, look forward to, keep away from, run out of, get along with, get out of, come up with, go on with动词十名词十介词它们相当于及物动词，后面要接 宾语。make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, take notice of, take par

15、t inbe十形容 词十介词be good at, be interested in, be good for, be worried about动词十反 身代词（+ 介词）这类短语相当于及物动词，其后 可按宾语devote oneself to help oneself to, dress oneself例题 1 Life is a journey with trouble, but with care and wisdom you can any problem youface.A work outB. hand out C. find out D. put out【解析】A本题考查的是含

16、有 out的动介短语辨析。work out解决，算出，hand out分发，find out找出，put out扑灭，根据句意“生命就像一场有麻烦的旅行，只有用关心 和智慧你才能够解决你所面对的任何问题。”本题应该选Ao例题 2 -When did the first plane to Hong Kong leave?- -Wait a minute. I'm just .A. turning upB. picking upC. catching up D. looking up【解析】D本题考查含有up的动词短语辨析。turn up "调高（音量）"；pick u

17、p “捡起，拾起"；catch up "赶上"；look up "抬头看，查找”。根据句意”去香港的第一航班什 么时候走的？稍等，我查一下。”本题选D项。真题测试测试时间：30分钟 满分：80分1. Steven, go to bed now. You should before six tomorrow, or you will miss the plane.A. get offB. get upC. get onD. get along2. The governments should the use of new types of energy t

18、o make a greener world.A. push inB. push forC. put outD. put up3. - The school network will be shut down for safety reasons.-That doesn't meat all. I'mnot a net-worm,anyway.A. satisfyB. surpriseC.worryD.include4. TFBOYS' songs sweet and many of us like listening to them.A. soundB. feelC.

19、tasteD.look5. The librarian told me that I could these magazines for three days.A. borrowB. buyC. keepD. return6. Helen encouraged me to speak English as much as possible because practice perfect.A. becomesB. becameC. will make D. makes9 / 97. UNICEF was in Europe in 1946, after World War II.A. put

20、upB. turned upC. set upD. given up8. - Has Jane done the washing yet?-You cannot her to do such a thing.A. wantB. hopeC. expectD. wish9. - Do you know our new manager?-Yes. He to be a friend of my brother.A. turns upB. turns onC. turns out D. turns off10. -Oh, my God! I my notebook in my bedroom.-It

21、 doesn't matter. I'll lend you mine.A. forgetB. forgotC. leaveD. left11. In the song I Bet My Life , the US rock band Imagine Dragon tells people never tocatching their dreams.A give upB. give outC. give inD. give off12. It's important for us to protect nature because we its rich resourc

22、es to live.A. depend onB. leave forC. give upD. lead to13. - What's wrong with Simon? He isn't at school today.-His legs hurt. He was by a motorcycle this morning.A. treatedB. hitC. operated D. cured14. When you yourself with others, you miss the wonder of who you are.A compareB. communicate

23、 C. contact D. connect15. -Where is your father, Helen?-He is trying to a new shower in the bathroom.A. put outB. put inC. put through D. put down16. The energy from the sun and wind is very cheap and it will never.A. come outB. put outC. carry out D. run out17. -How long can I this novel Gulliver&#

24、39;s Travels ?-Only two weeks.A. borrowB. lendC. returnD. keep18. The young firemen were so brave that they the fire and saved the children inthat house.A. put inB. put onC. put outD. put up19. -Jenny, I hear there will be an art club in our school.-Wonderful! I can't wait to it.A. repeatB. forg

25、etC. receiveD. join20. Lao She's Teahouse the changes in Chinese society over fifty years.A. describesB. improvesC. prepares D. corrects21. Bob is taking the desks away because they too much room.A. stand upB. pick upC. take upD. listen up22. They walked home last night because they couldn't

26、 to take a taxi.A. leaveB. buyC. affordD. allow23. Jane is very busy these days, for she has a lot of problems to.A. deal withB. keep up withC. agree withD. come up with24. Soccer is a wonderful game for children. It great exercise, such as running and kicking.A. providesB. remainsC. practisesD. rec

27、eives25. -Yesterday Tommy walked past my table and my bowls and dishes.-He should be careful next time.A. knocked offB. took offC. showed offD. turned off26. We all know that learning a foreign language time and effort.A requiresB. reducesC. removesD. repeats27. China is going to a manned space stat

28、ion around 2020 to explore more spaceA set upB. put upC. wake upD. turn up28. A Bite of China 2 includes eight episodes. It the stories of more than 150 people,and over 300 types of food.A. findsB. provesC. coversD. imagines29. - What do you think of your school, Linda?-It's a good place for us

29、to ourselves for the future.A. promiseB. proveC. prepareD. present30. - Do you know the latest information about Flight MH370?-I've no idea. Let's the TV to watch the news programme.A. turn onB. turn downC. turn upD. turn off31. It's not the right time to argue about who should be blamed

30、. We'd better and finda way out as soon as possible.A stay upB. give upC. calm downD. look down32. Don't too late tonight, or you will feel sleepy in class tomorrow.A. get upB. put upC. stay upD. wake up33. - Your trainers colourful.-Yes. And they are popular among young people.A. feelB. sme

31、llC. tasteD. look34. You should smoking. It's really bad for your health.A. look upB. give upC. get upD. set up35. The 18tri Jiangsu Provincial Games will in September. Many students want to bevolunteers.A. take placeB. take partC. take actionD. take care36. - What smells terrible, Ted-I'm s

32、orry. I'll my shoes and wash them at once.A. take awayB. put away C. throw away D. keep away37. I think our government should pass a law to food waste.A. saveB. increaseC. protectD. reduce38. We all know how wonderful you are . There is no need to.A. show offB. give upC. take careD. carry on39.

33、The Yellow River flood large areas, but now the waters of it are used to energy.A .was used to; producingB. used to; producingC. was used to; produceD. used to; produce40. - The classroom is so bright now. You should the lights.-OK, I will.A. turn onB. turn upC. turn down D. turn off模拟测试测试时间：30分钟 满分

34、：60分1. -It is reported that some natural resources will because they are used carelessly.-What a pity! Let's act to protect them right away.A. break outB. run outC. put outD. hand out2. - Look! He's running so fast!-Hard to his legs were once broken.A. knowB. imagineC. thinkD. understand3. W

35、e all know some of the police's duties are to keep order and the law.A. take outB. find outC. come outD. carry out4. -Why are you often dressed in white?-Because I think white can help me when I feel stressed.A. fall downB. calm downC. look downD. come down5. -Would you please the TV a little? J

36、ack is doing his homework.-Terribly sorry, I will.A. turn upB. turn downC. turn onD. turn off6. - How was your May Day holiday?-Just so so, we drove to Hangzhou and tried to find a place for parking, but they were allA. given upB. taken upC. stayed upD. put up Mr Johnson,7. - Mr. Johnson, would you

37、have some more ice cream?-No, thanks. It's very good, but I have to my weight, you know.A. remainB. watchC. noticeD. care8. - How much the shoes?-Five dollars enough.A is; isB. are; isC. are; areD. is; are9. The computer system suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.A. b

38、roke downB. broke outC. broke upD. broke in10. - How much is the 3 - D TV set?-I've no idea, you can check it online.A. spentB. takenC. worthD. cost11. It's not the right time to argue about whose fault it is. We'd better and find a wayout as soon as possible.A. break downB. give upC. ca

39、lm downD. look down12. Don't waste food! all the vegetables on the plate.A. Wash upB. Eat upC. Put upD. Clean up13. - Can I speak to Mrs Green?-Sorry, wrong number. Please to 114 and check the number.A. put outB. put offC. put throughD. put away14. - What are you going to do for the School Day?-

40、We'11 a new play.A. put outB. put offC. put intoD. put on15. Wearing white can help people when they feel stressedA. fall downB. calm downC. look downD. come down16. China Dream is a great way to gather people together and the fast development ofour country.A. try out forB. fit forC. push forD.

41、cheer for17. - How were your May Day holiday?-Everything was wonderful except that our car.A. slowed downB. put downC. came downD. broke down18. How lucky Peter was! Some policemen arrived in time and him out.A. tried to helpB. managed to help C. tried helping D. succeeded to help19. Water from this

42、 polluted well serious illness.A. causes toB. suffers fromC. leads toD. lies in20. We'd better subjects like age, weight or money while talking in Western countries.A. agree .B. avoidC. affordD. allow21. Mike live in London, but now he works in China.A. is used toB. used toC. was used toD. gets used to22. -Excuse me, sir. Would you please the total cos