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1、考情分析五年考情分析状语从句时间2009 年2010 年2011 年2012 年2013 年占分22222题号第 28、 32 题第 34、 39 题第 36、 37 题第 32、 40 题第 30、 36 题考点结果状从 时间状从让步状从 条件状从时间状从 目的状从条件状从 时间状从让步状从 地点状从考点解读1、思 维导图概念时间状语从句地点状语从句条件状语从句目的状语从句分类原因状语从句状语从句结果状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句让步状语从句关键 连词时间状语从句重要考点让步状语从句条件状语从句2、时间、让步、条件状语从句重难点讲解重难点一. 时间状语从句中常考连词的用法及区别1. whe
2、n, while, as1) 表示主句的动作正在进行的过程中,从句的动作发生了,这时候when, while, as可以换用,来引导从句。2) 当表示两个短暂性动作同时发生时,用when, as引导从句。列表如下:连词用法谓语动词意义例句when从句的动作和主句的动作可 以同时发生,也可以先后发 生;可以指时间的某个点,也 指一段时间。延续性动词 非延续性 动词当 时候When they heard the news , they all jumped with joy.I owed Jack $ 100 when I was in London.as从句的动作与主句的动作同 时发生;可以指时
3、间的某个 点,也指一段时间。延续性动词 非延续性 动词随着一边 ;一边当 时候The students sang as they walked.As he stood up, he dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.while从句的动作与主句的动作同 时发生,强调一段时间;从句 中常用过去进行时态或一般 过去时态。延续性动词当 时候 在 期间While I was reading , he came in. I made some foreign friends while I was in London.注意:1. 只能用 when 的几种
4、情况1) 当主句的谓语是was/ were doing sth,从句的动作突然发生时;2) 当主句的谓语是3) 当主句的谓语是4) 当主句的谓语是was/ were about to do 时;时。was/ were going to do 时;was/ were on the polnt of doing2. 用 while 的情况1) while 引导的时间从句的谓语必须是延续性动词,而不能是非延续性动词。2) while 可以表示主、从句所言的两种情况相反或相对比,可译为“而 ”,但此时while 引导的不是时间状语从句。3. 只能用as的情况1) as表示 “随着 ” 之意时;2) a
5、s表示 “一边 一边 ” 时;3) 当表示主从句两个短暂性动作同时发生时。2. 从属连词:as soon as, immediately , directly , the moment , the minute , no sooner.than., hardly/scarcely. when. , once,如:Once you remember it , you ll never forget it. 一旦你记住它,就永远不会忘记。The moment I heard the voice , I knew father was coming. 我一听到声音,就知道是父亲来了。No soone
6、r had we arrived at the station than the train left. 我们一到达车站,车就开了。注意:1) as soon as,当主句是一般将来时,从句必须用一般现在时表示将来。2) 在 hardly.when/ scarcely.when/ no sooner.than 结构中,当hardly/ scarcely no sooner 放在句首时,主句必须用倒装语序;主句的时态须用过去完成时,从句须用一般过去时。如:我一到家,天就开始下雨了。I had hardly got home when it began to rain. Hardly had I
7、got home when it began to rain.3) the moment, the minute, the second, the instance后直接接从句。4) immediately , instantly 后直接接从句。3. till , until (not.until/till.直到 才 )连词用法动词意义例句till/until主语和从句都用肯定 式主句的动词为连 续性动词直到 为止I lls tay here till/until the rain stops.not.till/until主句用否定形式,从 句用肯定形式主句的动词为非 连续性动词直到 才He
8、didn t go home till/until he finished his homework.注意:1) (not) until 一肯定句中主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词;否定句中主句的谓语动词经常是非延续 性动词,也可以是延续性动词。2) It was not until 强调从句时需把that not 放在从句前面。3) not until 在句首时,主句要部分倒装。如:Not until we pointed out their fault to them did they realize it.直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误,他们才意识到。4) until till ,但是在句
9、首时,只能用until。4. every time , each time , next time 等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句,表示“每当 ,每次 ,下次 ” ,后直接接从句。如:Every/Each time I was in trouble , he would come to help me out. 每次我遇到麻烦,他总会来帮我。Next time you come , do remember to bring your son here.下次你来的时候,一定要记得把你儿子带来。5. 从属连词:before( 在 之前), after( 在 之后), since(自从 以来)。 如
10、:Please remember to turn off all the lights before you leave the classroom.离开教室前,请记得把所有的灯都关上。注意:1) 上述三个连词,既是从属连词,也是介词。(备注:after 在高考中考查较少)2) before 表达 “还未 就 ”“ 不到 就 ”“ 才 ”“ 趁 ,还没来得及” ;如:We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。We hadn t run a mile before he felt tire
11、d.我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。Please write it down before you forget it. 趁你现在没忘把它记下来。具体用法总结:A. before. 表示 “没有来得及做某事就” ,主句经常用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。B. “ itw as(not)十一段时间+before 从句(一般过去时)”主句是肯定句时,意为“过多长时间才”;主句是否定句时,意为“没过多久就”。C. “ it will be(not)十一段时间十before从句 (一般现在时)”主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来。3) since 用法总结:A. since 从句总是与时态是现
12、在完成时的主句连用,从句用一般过去时。B. “ It is/ has bee十一段时间n+since从句 ”意为 “从 到现在多久了”。如果表示现在,主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。如果表示过去,主句用一般过去时,从句用过去完成时;或者主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。如果从句的谓语是延续性动词或者是表示状态的动词,所表示的时间是从该动作结束起。C. some time has passed since. 表示“从 到现在多久过去了”。6. 时间状语从句的时态一致1) 当主句是一般将来时,时间状语从句必须用一般现在时表示将来。2) 当主句是一般将来时,若时间状语从句强调动作完
13、成,从句也可以用现在完成时。动词不定式(infinitive) 两种形式:一种是“ to+ 动词原形”构成( to- infinitive ) ;另一种是不带to 的不定式,即动词原形(bare- infinitive) 。7. before, since, when 及强调句型的用法区别:1) ) “ it was时间点+when 从句 ”it 指时间点,时间前无介词,when 从句是状语从句;当主句是一般将来时,when 从句用一般现在时;2) “ it is (not) / was (not) + 时间段 + before 从句用现在时或过去时;3) “ it is/has been +
14、时间段+ since 从句用过去时。重难点二:让步状语从句中常考连词的用法及区别引导让步状语从句的从属连词有though(虽然),although(虽然), even if(即使), even though(即使),as(尽管), while( 虽然), whether.or.(无论 还是 ), no matter+ 疑问词(无论)。1. 1.though 或 although 引导让状语从句。although 与 though 两者意思相同,一般可互换,都可以与yet, still 或 nevertheless 连用,但不能和but连用。如:He is unhappy though/alth
15、ough he has a lot of money. 虽然他有许多钱,但他并不幸福。Although/Though it was raining hard , yet they went on playing football.尽管雨下的很大,但他们仍在继续踢足球。注意: though 还可用作副词,意为“可是,然而”,置于句末。如:He said he would come; he didn t thou他说他会来,可是他没有来。gh.2. as 作 “尽管,虽然”的意思,从句往往放在主句的前面,而且用作让步的部分(表语、状语或动词原形)总是提前到句首。若表语是名词,前置时要省略冠词。如:
16、Child as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是孩子,他却懂得很多。Old as he is, he is still energetic.尽管他老了,却依然精力充沛。(表语作为让步的内容,因此提前了。)Try as he might, he could n t solve the problem.尽管他很努力了,但还是无法解决这个问题。(谓语提前了)Much as you suspected him, you couldn t provide powerful evidence.虽然你非常怀疑他,但是你却无法提供有力的证据。(状语作为让步的内容,因此提前了。)注意:1
17、) 倒装是把从句的表语提前,表语是名词时,名词前不用冠词。2) 没有表语时,将状语提前。没有状语时,将部分谓语提前。3. even if even though 意为 “即使 ”。4. while although 意为 “虽然 ”,从句只能放主句前面,而且不能倒装。5. 疑问词 + ever 与 no matter+ 疑问词 (不管 ,无论 ) 。 whether or (not) 意为 “无论(是否)”howeve(不管怎样)r, whateve(无论什么)r, whoeve(无论谁)r。 no matter when(how, what, who, where, which )无论何时(
18、怎样,什么,谁,何地,哪个)等。如:No matter where you go on the earth, you will feel the gravity.无论你走到地球的什么地方,你都会感觉到地引力。We ll start our meeting on time whether he comes or not.无论他来不来,我们将准时开会。Even if we are approaching the end of the experiment, we still have no time to lose. 即使我们即将完成试验,我们依然要分秒必争。注意:whoever, whateve
19、r, whomever, whichever 还可以引导名词性从句。但是no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句。如:You can take whatever you like. 你可以拿任何你所喜欢的东西。6. despite the fact that in spite of the fact that 意为 “不管 ”。注意: 让步状语从句都不能与but 连用。重难点三:条件状语从句中常考连词的用法常用的引导词有if(如果,假如), unless(除非,要不 就不) , as long as(只要), so long as(只要) ,provided (tha
20、t) (只要) , suppose/supposing(假设), on condition (that ) (如果)等。如:I may not come to see you recently unless I can complete the project ahead of time.除非我能提前完成那个项目,否则我最近不会来看你了。We can surely attain our goal as long as we are united as one.只要我们团结一致,我们肯定能实现我们的目标。What shall we do if we can not get the necessa
21、ry data ?如果我们弄不到必要的数据,我们怎么办?They promised to let us have a meeting in their office on condition(that ) we could keep it clean.如果我们能保持清洁,他们答应让我们在他们的办公室里开会。要点提示:1) 在表示条件的状语从句中,既可以用直陈语气作“真实条件句”,也可以用虚拟语气作“非真实条件句”。至于把句子作成哪一种条件句,要依照“有关语法规则”和 “表达意思的需要”而定。2) 用 unless引导条件状语从句时,要注意这个连词自身在意义上是否定的:unless=if.not
22、. 。因此,我们在逻辑上要注意:英文句子的用法和中文句子的译文。特别是当主句是否定句时,逻辑上的意思就成了“否定之否定而表示肯定”的情况了。如: I will not go to their party unless I am invited. 这个句子的实际意义等于:I will not go to their party if I am not invited. 这就是说,“我不去参加聚会”的条件是“我没有受到邀请”。 “不去 ” 与 “没有受到邀请” 就构成了“否定之否定而表示肯定” 的情况了。) 假如他们不邀请我,我不会去参加他们的聚会。He will finish the work
23、in time unless something unexpected happens.这个句子的实际意义等于:He will finish the work in time if something unexpected does not happen.假如没有什么意外的事情发生,他会按时完成他的工作的。3) suppose/supposing 这两个词所表达的意义和句法功能是一样的。它们与其他的引导状语从句的从属连词一样,引导一个含状语从句的主从复合句。而它们的特别之处在于:有时由它们所引出的条件状语从句常与主句分开而独立成句,但其意义和作用还是条件状语从句。这种情况多数出现在科技文章及某
24、些论文里。如:Suppose no more rain fell into the Atlantic Ocean and no more water was brought to it by rivers. It would takethe ocean about 4000 years to dry up.假如不再有雨水注入大西洋,不再有河水流入大西洋的话;大约需要四千年的时间大西洋才会枯竭。Suppose your statement is right. How are you going to prove it?假定为你的观点是正确的,你打算如何证明这一点呢?Suppose this po
25、or girl is yours. We d like to know how much you know about her.假设这个可怜的女孩就是你的;我们想了解你知道多少关于她的情况。次重点一:结果状语从句中常考连词的用法及区别1. 常用的引导词有that(结果,以至), so that(结果,以至), so.that(如此 以至),such.that(如此 以至)等。如:The temperature is increased so that the volume of gas becomes greater.温度升高了气体的体积就增大了。The mountain is so high
26、 that she can t climb it up to the top.那座山太高了,她无法登上山顶。It is such a lovely day that everybody feels happy and gay.天气这么好,人人都感到高兴、快乐。注意:1) so.that和 such.that都是引导结果状语从句的从属连词,它们都表示“如此 以至 ”,但其要求的句型结构不一样。so形容词/副词that从句so形容词a/an可数名词单数形式that从句so many/much/ few/little 名词that从句such a/an形容词可数名词单数形式that从句such形容词
27、复数名词形式/不可数名词that从句such a lot of/lots of名词that从句如: He ran so fast that his brother couldn t catch up with him.他跑得太快了,他弟弟赶不上他。He is such a naughty boy that he becomes unwelcome in his neighborhood.他是那么个调皮的孩子,以至在邻里中不受欢迎。She looks so lovely that everybody can t help taking a look at her when pa她生得太可爱了,从
28、 ssing her by.她身边经过的人都忍不住要看她一眼。2) 当 so 或 such 置于句首时,主句要用倒装语序。如:So clever was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.他是如此聪明以至于他能解出所有的难题。2. 除结果状语从句外,too.to.(太 而不能 ), enough to.(能够), so.asto.(那么以至于 ) 等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。如:他起床晚了,结果误了车。He didn t get up early enough to catch the bus.=He got
29、 up too late to catch the bus.=He got up so late as to miss the bus.次重点二:目的状语从句中常考连词的用法及区别在目的状语从句中,我们可以将这些引导目的状语从句的连词so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear分作为两大部分:表示肯定 so that, I n order that 是 “为了使 发生 (目的是 ,为的是)”。表示否定 lest, in case, for fear 是 “为了使 不发生(以免,以防)”。另外, 在表示否定的目的状语从句中,谓语动词往往用“ sh
30、ould+动词原形”或 “动词原形”两种虚拟句式。如:He took his umbrella with him lest it should rain. 他带了雨伞,以防下雨。I ll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind.我给你留个座,没准你会改变主意。次重点三:地点状语从句中常考连词的用法1 . 常用的引导词有where(在 地方) ,wherever(无论在什么地方)等。指具体地点时,从句可用于主句之前或之后,表示抽象条件时,从句须放在主句之前。如:The university graduates are det
31、ermined to go wherever they are needed most.那些大学毕业生们决心去最需要他们的地方。They are planting trees where there is plenty of water and sunlight.他们在阳光雨水充分的地方植树。Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。2 .注意区分where 引导的定语从句与状语从句。你最好在有问题的地方作个标记。You d bettemr ake a mark where you have any questions.( 状语从句)You d
32、 better make a mark at the place where you have any questions定语从句.()典型例题例题 1They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, difficulty they might have.( 2013 年上海英语高考第30 题)【答案】whatever【解析】本题句意为“他们承诺在今年年底开发一款软件包,无论他们有可能会遇到什么困难。” 即考查让步状语从句连词用法,那么,空格内应填whatever ,如果此处有三空,需填入no matter
33、 what ;另外,如果空格后为形容词,空格内可填入however/no matter how.例题 2The map is one of the best tools a man has he goes to a new place.( 2012 年上海英语高考第40 题)【答案】when/whenever【解析】本题句意为“地图是人类到达一个新地方时最好的工具之一。”可确定空格内要填入时间状语从句的连词,且表示“当 ”可考虑 when,如果要强调“每当,或是任何时候”等意时,可填入whenever.例题 3If a lot of people say a film is not good,
34、 I wonsee it, ot rbIother to ll wait it comes out on DVD.( 2011 年上海英语高考第36 题)【答案】until【解析】本题句意为“如果许多人都说某部电影不好看时,我是不会费力去看的,或者我会等到它有DVD 版本出来。”虽然句中没有明显的not until的考点,即“直到 才 ”,但根据句意我们仍要用until ,可提醒学生看到wait 出现在时间状语从句时,可考虑是否在考查“直到 才 ”的用法,即考查时间状语从句连词用法。例题 4I have a tight budget for the trip, so I m not going
35、 to fly the airlines low(er 2ti0ck1e2t 年上prices.海英语高考第32 题)【答案】unless【答案】本题句意为“我的旅程预算紧凑,因此我不会坐飞机除非航空公司降低机票价格。”,因此要填入unless,即条件状语从句用法。例题 5You can t borrow bookfrso m the school library you get your student card. ( 2009 年上海英语高考第 32 题)【答案】before/until/unless【解析】本题在当年的语法选择题中是作为时间状语从句考查的,句意为“你拿到学生证后,才能从校
36、图书馆借书”,考查了before 的用法,其实本句也可理解为“你不能从图书馆借书直到你拿到学生证”,空格内可填入until ;或者可理解为“除非你。 。 。否则你不能。 。 ”,这时就可填入unless.学法点睛1 、专题特点与学习方法状语从句在复合句中是一个比较难的知识点,目前在上海高考中主要在语法填空及翻译中考查,作文中状语从句的使用也是句式多样化的要求。掌握此知识点要清楚常考的九大状语从句并熟悉其常考的连词,掌握几类可用于不同状语从句的连词用法的区别。具体要点如下:1 ) 时间状语从句连词可分为三类:当时 ( when, as, while) 、 一就 ( as soon as, the
37、 moment/instant,immediately/directly, once 等) 、 自从前后和直到( since, before, until ) every 后接时间词,意为 “每当时”,用法同与the first time ,直接从句不要when;特殊情况要牢记,hardly when, no sooner th,前后时 an态要注意:主句过去完成时,从句一般过去时;3)让步状语从句可分为以下几类:though, as 和 although 连接句子有要求:although 直接接句子,as让步必须倒,表语、副词和部动,though 则可倒可不倒;成对出现even though
38、/if;还有两大系列词-ever或者 no matter-,现在也见whether or意为“无论”引让步,While 位于句首时也可表示“让步”意;4)条件状语从句可分为以下几类:一马当先if/unless, “只要”需有 as long as;其它表达也可见,常用分词来引导,suppose/supposing that; provided/providing (that) ;若要表示“以免、防,刚需要用 in case。5)关于考查较少的三类从句用法可记住如下表格即可:地 点 状 从wherewhereverWhere there is a will, there is a way. 有志
39、者,事竟成。Where there is water, there is life. 哪里有水,哪里就有生 命。You are free to go wherever you like. 你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。Wherever you go, you must obey the law. 无论你去哪都要 遵守法律。where 与 wherever 意义基本相同, 但后者语气较强,多用于书面语thatI shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget. 我要把你的电话号码记下来,以免忘记。目的状语从句中常用情态动
40、词 may (might) can (could) ,目so thatWe ll tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.should 等放在动词之前,从句的我把真实情况告诉你,使你能自己做出判断。往往放在主句之后,主从句之状 从in order thatlest = for fearthatThey worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time . 他们比往常更加努力工作, 为了能提前完成工作。Put on mo
41、re clothes lest (= for fear that) you should catch cold. 多穿点衣服,以免感冒。间不用任何标点符号结 果 状 从so thatso thatWe turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.我们把收音机的音量放大,大家都听到了新闻。He was so excited that he couldn t say a word.他十分激动,以致一句话都说不出来。so that 前有逗号为结果状语从句so that的 so后面跟形容词或副词such thatHe gave such i
42、mportant reasons that he was excused.他说出了这么重要的理由,得到大家的谅解。It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.这是一本十分有趣的书,大家都想看。such that的such 后面跟名词,如果名词是单数就要用such a /an t还可以转换用hat so tha,语气较强t2、解题技巧1 )理解空格前后即主从句间的语意关系,从而判断填哪类连词;2)
43、注意前后句间时态差异过关检测巩固测试:1、 He was about to tell me the secret someone patted him on the shoulder. ( 2002 年高考 36 题)2、 A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity he reaches the end of the story.( 2003 高考 35 题)3、 - “ Dad, I ve finished my assignment. ”- “ Good, and you play or watch TV,
44、 you mustn( t2d0i0s3tu年高考rb me. 42 题)”4、 He transplanted the little tree to the garden it was the best time for it. (2005 年高考 33 题 )5、 A dozen ideas were considered the chief architect decided on the design of the building. ( 2006 高考第 30 题)6、 My parents were quarrelling about me I could not quite te
45、ll why. (2006 年高考 38 题 )7、 Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water they are not managed carefully. (2007 年高考 38题)8、 -Are you ready for Spain?-Yes, I want the girls to experience thatthey are young. (2008 年高考 31 题 )9、 well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.
46、 ( 2008 年高考 40 题)10、 serious a problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. (2010 高考 34 题 )11、 our manager objects to Tom s joining the club, we shall accept him as a membe年高考 r. (201039 题 )12、 amusing the story is, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study
47、 this week. ( 2004 年春考 32 题)13、 there is a snowstorm or some other bad weather, the mail always comes on time. ( 2007 年春考 31 题)14、 the weather is like tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao. ( 2007 年春考 38 题)15、 some people come here for a short break, others have decided to stay forever. ( 2010
48、年春考 35题)16、 If you want to do the experiment again, youd better be more careful you made a mistake. (普陀2012 高三二模34 题)17、 So excited was the champion after the race he didn to kwnwhat to say before so many reporters.(奉贤 2012 高三二模34 题)18、 there is water nearby, make a special effort to breed fish. (崇明
49、 2012 高三二模40 题)19、 little did the world leaders share with each other that almost no progress was made at theCopenhagen Climate Conference. (嘉定 2012 高三一模32 题)20、 The young couple are trying to save as much money as possiblethey can afford the flat by the endof this year. (奉贤 2012 高三一模31 题)提升测试:1、 Bo
50、rn in a wealthy family, the boy took everything in his life for granted for the first time he sawhow poor farmers struggled to survive the hard life. (嘉定 2013 二模 31 题)2、 The boy, one of the so-called rich second generation, forced his parents to buy a new car much it might cost. (宝山 2013 二模 34 题)3、
51、Do you have the time? I ve got something to tell you. Ok, you make your story short. (闵行 2013 二模 33 题)4、 There s little privacy you have to share a room with a family member. (宝山 2013 一模 34 题)5、 Shannon will continue to bother you with phone calls you help her. (宝山 2013 一模 39 题)6、 She came up with s
52、everal ideas about the house decoration a fantastic one popped into her mind.(长宁2013 一模 31 题)7、 Innovation is a natural desire of the human mind to develop variety, activity is involved. (奉贤2013 一模34 题)8、 I was advised to arrange for insurance I needed some medical treatment. (黄浦 2013 一模 38题)9、 The word positive energy is becoming more than common in newspapers and magazines youcould notice. (浦东新区2013 一模 39 题)10、 the volunteers have to consider their own problems, they are
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