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1、 语法讲义之 情态动词modal verbs1.-Is John coming by train? -He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. (2002高考题）高考题） A. must B. can C. need D. may2.It has been announced that candidates(候选人候选人) _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. (2002上海高考题）上海高考题） A. can B.will C. may D.

2、 shall3.-I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. (2002北京高考题）北京高考题） -It _ true because there was little snow there. A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be情态动词情态动词表示推测表示推测不表示推测不表示推测can couldmay mightshall shouldmust will wouldought tohave to dare (darent)need (neednt) used

3、toI darent ask her for a rise. 我不敢请求她加薪我不敢请求她加薪.How did you dare to tell her that? I wonder whether he dare stand up in public. I dont know how she dares to wear that dress. Do you need any help?I wonder whether he need send it immediately.I need hardly tell you that the work is dangerous.The garden

4、 doesnt need watering at the moment.You neednt finish that work today.可兼做行为动词的情态动词：可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare 情态动词 (+动词原形)行为动词 .needdare 1.1.无人称和数的变化无人称和数的变化; 2.2.尤其用于：尤其用于：* *否定句及疑问句中否定句及疑问句中; ;* *在在if/whetherif/whether之后之后; ;* *或与或与hardlyhardly, , nevernever, , no oneno one, , nobodynobody连用连用; ; 3.

5、 3.常以常以needntneednt 和和darentdarent 的形式出现的形式出现; ;4.dare4.dare有其过去时有其过去时dareddared. . 多用于肯定句多用于肯定句; (sb.) need to do dare to do(sth.) need to be done (sth.) need doing 判断正误判断正误: How dare you say such a thing? How dare you to say such a thing?He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he?He da

6、rent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.These dishes need be cleaned carefully.These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.These dishes need cleaning carefully.注意对注意对need问句的回答问句的回答: -Need I finish th

7、e work today? -Yes, _. No, _. No, _.you mustyou needntyou dont have toneednt 对其它情态动词的回答对其它情态动词的回答: -Shall I tell John about it? -No, you _. -Must we do it now? -No, you _. neednt (dont have to) neednt(dont have to)表示推测表示推测情态动词的重要用法情态动词的重要用法. .1. You must be Mr Smith-I was told to expect you here.2.

8、He must have known what we wanted.3. We may have read the same report.4. He cant have slept through all that noise.5. Theres someone outside-who can it be?6. What can they be doing?7. These pills might help to cure your disease.8. You could be right, I suppose.表示推测表示推测情态动词的重要用法情态动词的重要用法. .肯定的推测肯定的推测

9、可能的推测可能的推测否定的推测否定的推测疑问的推测疑问的推测must 对将来对将来 对现在对现在 对过去对过去情态动词情态动词may, might cant, couldntcan, could + V. + V. + have done常见常见must be + be doing + V. + V. + have done + be doing 可以用可以用not表示表示“可能不可能不” +V. + V. + have done + be doing+ V. + V. + have done + be doing 1. I dont know where she is, she _ be i

10、n Wuhan. 2. At this moment, our teacher _ our exam papers. 这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。 3. The road is wet. It _ last night. (rain) 4. Your mother _ for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。你妈妈一定一直在找你。 maymust be markingmust have rainedmust have been looking5. Philip _ seriously in the car accident. 菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤菲利普可能在

11、车祸中受了重伤.6. -Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.-She _ (go) by bus.7. Mike _ his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐 公共汽车来上班的。公共汽车来上班的。may (might) have been hurtmay (might) have gonecant have found高考考题高考考题:1. I thought you _like som

12、ething to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. would D. must 2. Where is my pen? I _it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost3. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have beenB D B 4. -There were a

13、lready five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _a comfortable journey A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 5. Its nearly seven oclock . Jack _be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. could D D 请把下列词语组合成句请把下列词语组合成句:1. _, ( play, intere

14、sting, must, be, new, the ) for the director is so famous.2. See how happy he is today! _ _. ( failed, he, cant, in, the, have, exam )3. Peter isnt in the classroom. _ _. ( may, playing, he, with, be, his, basketball, friends ) The new play must be interesting He cant have failed in the exam He may

15、beplaying basketball with his friends不同的不同的“肯定肯定”程度可按下列层次排列：程度可按下列层次排列： He is at home. (事实事实) He must be at home.（非常肯定的推断）（非常肯定的推断） He could be at home.（很可能）（很可能） He ought to be at home.（很可能）（很可能） He may be at home.（仅仅可能而已）（仅仅可能而已） He might be at home.（或许（或许, 非常不确定）非常不确定） He might not be at home.（也许

16、不在家）（也许不在家）He may not be at home. （比（比might可能）可能） He couldnt be at home.（很可能不在家）（很可能不在家） He cant be at home.（一定不在家）（一定不在家）He isnt at home.（事实）（事实） 在不表示推测的情态动词中在不表示推测的情态动词中, 我们要注意以下考点我们要注意以下考点:1. 表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。2. 表示否定的情态动词的用法。表示否定的情态动词的用法。3. shall 和和 will 的多种意义的区别。的多种意义的区别。4. 情态动词短语

17、的使用。情态动词短语的使用。5. 虚拟语气中情态动词的使用。虚拟语气中情态动词的使用。 表示能力表示能力: can, could, be able to *be able to 能用于能用于各种时态各种时态。 can / could 只能表示只能表示现在现在或或过去过去的能力。的能力。 *was / were able to : “设法做成某事设法做成某事” 相当于相当于 managed to do sth. succeeded in doing sth.。1. 表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。1. A computer _ think for itself;

18、it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able toA D 3. They will _ run this machine on theirown in three months.A. can B. could C. may D. be able to4. That big ci

19、nema _ seat 2,000 people.A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able toD A 表示许可表示许可: may / might, can / could * might, could 比较比较委婉委婉, 一般多用于一般多用于疑问句疑问句.* can, may 表达的语言比较随便表达的语言比较随便.* 在以在以could, might 表示表示征询对方意见征询对方意见 或或表示请求表示请求时，回答应相应使用时，回答应相应使用can, may.5. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course

20、 you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should6. Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _. A. may B. must C. might D. canC A 2. 表示否定的情态动词的用法表示否定的情态动词的用法: 部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点之一。之一。 mustnt 不准不准, 禁止禁止 neednt 没必要没必要 ( = dont have to )cant 不能不能; 不可能不可能may not 不可以不可以; 可能不可能不shouldnt 不应该不应该

21、( = ought not to )7. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not8. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. A. wont ; cant B. mustnt ; may C. shouldnt ; must D. cant ; shouldntC B 9. -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, _.

22、 My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont10. -May I pick a flower in the garden? - _. A. No, you neednt B. Not, please. C. No, you mustnt D. No, you wontB C 情态动词：情态动词：shall, will 的多种意义的多种意义: shall / will+ 动词原形动词原形: * shall 可表示必须、命令、可表示必须、命令、 警告或征询意见警告或征询意见. * will

23、可表示意愿、常出现的动作、在疑问句可表示意愿、常出现的动作、在疑问句 中表示请求和建议中表示请求和建议.* 均可表示将来。均可表示将来。 过去时为过去时为 should, would.3.11. He _ be punished if he disobeys. 如果他不服从如果他不服从, 就要受到惩罚就要受到惩罚.12. We are not going to quarrel at all if you _ only let me speak. 只要你让我说话只要你让我说话, 我们根本就不会吵架我们根本就不会吵架.13. -Sir, _ he go or stay? -Let him go.

24、A. will B. shall C. might D. couldshallwillB 14. The door _ open. 这门经常打不开这门经常打不开.15. Ronald _ stay in his small garden for a long time every day in the past. A. could B. might C. should D. would16. You _ have the book after I read it. 我看完以后一定把这本书给你我看完以后一定把这本书给你.wontD shall4. 情态动词短语的使用情态动词短语的使用:would

25、 like to dowould rather dowould rather + 从句从句would prefer to do.had better do.改错改错:1. Would you like having some tea?2. Id prefer going to the lecture this evening.3. Id rather you to go to the meeting.4. He would rather to die than to give in.5. Youd better to have your hair cut today.Would you lik

26、e to have some tea?Id prefer to go to . you went to .He would rather die than give in.Youd better have .5. 用于虚拟语气的情态动词用于虚拟语气的情态动词: should might could wouldneedntought to情态动词考题情态动词考题:1. Put on more clothes. You be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could C. must D. would2. Must I drive to h

27、is house and pick up the children? No, . A. you shouldntB. you might not C. you neednt D. you mustntC C 3. We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterday. He it. A. mustnt have attended B. cannot have attended C. neednt have attended D. would have not attended4. We play chess than bridge. Some of us dont know how to play bridge. A. had betterB. would better C. would rather D. had r