2018年北京市中考英语真题(含答案)

1、2018年北京市高级中等学校招生考试英语试卷知识运用（共14分）一、单项填空（共 6分，每小题0. 5分）从下面各题所给的 A、B、C、D个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. My brother and I like football. play it together once a week.A. IB. TheyC. WeD. You【答案】C【解析】句意：我哥哥和我喜欢足球，我们每周一起玩一次。本题考查人称代词。A.我；B.他们；C.我们；D.你们。结合语境 我哥哥和我喜欢足球， 每周一起玩一次。可知，应该是 我们"。故选Co2. Happy birthday, Pe

2、ter! Here' s a you.A. forB. inC. withD. from【答案】A【解析】句意：生日快乐，彼得！这是送给你的礼物。 考查介词用法。A.为了； B.在里；C.和；D.来 自。结合语境 生日快乐，彼得！这是送给你的礼物。表示 给的生日礼物用for。故选Ao3. do you usually go to school, Mary?-By bike.A. WhenB. HowC. WhereD. Why【答案】B【解析】句意：一一玛丽，你通常怎么上学？一一骑自行车。考查疑问词。A.什么时候；B.怎么；C.哪里；D.为什么。结合语境玛丽，你通常怎么上学？骑自行车。

3、 可知，对乘坐某种交通工具提问，用疑问词 how提问。故选Bo4. Many people like pandas they are cute.A. thoughB. ifC. whileD. because【答案】D【解析】句意：很多人喜欢熊猫，因为它们很可爱。考查从属连词的辨析。选项A意为：虽然；选项 B意为：如果；选项C意为：当时候；选项 D意为：因为。结合句意：很多人喜欢熊猫，因为它们很可爱。故选 D。5. I go now, or I ll miss my train.A. canB. mightC. mustD. could【答案】C【解析】句意：我必须走了，否则我就赶不上火车了。

4、考查情态动词。A.能；B.可能；C.必须；D.能。结合语境 我 走了，否则我就赶不上火车了。”可知，应该是 必须"。故选Co6. Tony is of the three boys, but he is the tallest.A.youngB. youngerC. youngestD. the youngest【答案】D【解析】句意：托尼是这三个男孩中最小的，但他是最高的。考查最高级。A.年轻的；B.更年轻的；C.最年轻的，通常加the; D.最年轻的。结合语境 托尼是这三个男孩中最小的，但他是最高的。"。of the three boys是三者以上的比较，可知，用最高级

5、the youngest最年轻的，最小的。故选 D。7. Bill likes reading. He picture books with his dad every evening.A. readB. readsC. is readingD. has read【答案】B【解析】句意：比尔喜欢读书。他每天晚上和爸爸一起看图画书。考查一般现在时。从every evening判断句子时态用一般现在时，排除 C/D。主语是单数。故选 Bo8. Paul, what were you doing at nine Last night?I a movie in the cinema with my f

6、riends.A. was watching B. watchC. have watched D. will watch【答案】A【解析】句意：一一保罗，你昨晚九点在干什么？一一我和我的朋友正在电影院看电影。考查过去进行时。根据Paul, what were you doing at nine Last night ?可知是过去进行时，因此答语也用过去进行时。所以B/C/D/都不对。过去进行日的结构为were/was+doing。故选 A。9. David is a tennis player, He to play tennis when he was six years o1d.A. be

7、ginsB. will beginC. beganD. has begun【答案】C【解析】句意：戴维是个网球运动员，六岁时就开始打网球了。从when he was six years 01d判断句子时态用一般过去时。故选Co10. 一 Lucy, is your uncle a teacher?decided to teach them about finding real solutions to problemsThen they were15 so that16. Five17 out of the【语篇解读】本文主要讲述的是关于协作的事情。游戏一:30名工程师，在气球上签名，结果 5

8、人被淘汰。游Yes, he is. He history for nearly 20 years.A. teachesB. has taughtC. is teachingD. will teach【答案】B【解析】句意：一一露西，你叔叔是老师吗？一一是的，他教了将近20年的历史了。考查现在完成时。根据fornearly 20 years可知，这是一个表示一段时间的时间状语，通常用于现在完成时，而且动词应该用延续性动词， 现在完成时态结构为have/has+动词的过去分词。故选 B。11. A new international airport in the city next year.A.

9、 completesB. is completedC. will completeD. will be completed【答案】D【解析】句意：一座新的国际机场明年将要在这所城市完工。一般将来时的被动语态。completes一般现在时；iscompleted 一般现在时的被动语态；will complete一般将来时；will be completed一般将来时的被动语态。根据句子的主语是 "A new international airport以及时间状语 "next year所以要用一般将来时的被动语态来填空，因此 可知这句话的意思是一座新的国际飞机场明年将要在这所城

10、市完工。”故选D。12. Alice, could you tell me London?-Sure. Last SundayA. when Mr. Smith leftB. when Mr. Smith wi11 leaveC. when did Mr. Smith leaveD. when will Mr. Smith leave【答案】A【解析】句意：一一爱丽丝，你能告诉我史米斯先生什么时候离开伦敦的吗？一一当然可以。上星期天。根据could you tell me?可知，本题考查宾语从句，宾语从句中一般为陈述语序，选项 C/D是疑问语序，所以 排除掉；再根据 Last Sunday,可

11、知这里指的是过去的时间，时态用一般过去时。故选 A。、完形填空（共 8分，每小题1分）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。Real Solutions （解决方法）to ProblemsOne day, the team was called for a 13 in a hall. They were quite surprised and all reached the hall holdingvarious 14. As they entered, they found a box placed in the center, full

12、 of flat balloonsThe manager asked everyone to pick a balloon and blow it up. asked to write their names on their respective（各自的）balloons the balloons wouldn ' b low out. All tried, but not everyone was balloons blew out due to pressure （压力）Those who failed to mark their names on the balloons we

13、re game. As a result, 25 engineers came to the next level. All the balloons carrying their names were 18 and then put into a room, here and there.The engineers were told to pick the balloon with his or her name on, All the 25 engineers began to search for the respective balloons in a rush. It was al

14、most 15 minutes but no one was able to 19 the right one. The second level of the game was over.Then came the final level. the engineers were asked to pick any balloon and give it to person named on the balloon.Within a couple of minutes, all balloons 20 the hands of the respective engineers.The mana

15、ger announced this was the real solution to the problem. Many times in our life, sharing and helping others13. A. gameB. showB. suggestionsC. concertC. thoughtsD. partyD. plans14. A.purposes15. A. quietlyB. carefullyC. secretlyD. clearly16. A.honestB. readyC. patientD. successful17. A.checkedB. help

16、edC. ruledD. cleaned18. A.collectedB. weighedC. tiedD. cleaned19. A.markB. hideC. numberD. find20. A.freedB. reachedC. liftedD. hitgive us real solutions to problems.【答案】13. A 14. C 15. B 16. D17. C 18. A19. D 20. B25名工程师找带有自己名字的气球，结果很少成功；游Thirty engineers were working as a team in a company. They w

17、ere young and eager to learn. The management 戏二： 然后把成功签上名的气球放至U个房间里， 先让戏三：让工程师们挑选任何一个气球，并把它送给签在气球上名字的人。结果几分钟内，所有气球都到达了各自的工程师手中。这个故事告诉我们：一件事我们或许做起来很难，但是如果和别人一起做，相互帮助，就会事半功倍。【13题解析】句意：有一天，三十名工程师被要求在大厅里参加游戏。考查名词辨析。A. game游戏；B. show表演；C. concert音乐会；D. party聚会。下文提到 The second level of the game was over游戏

18、结束，故选 A。【14题解析】句意：他们很惊讶，都走到大厅里，抱着各种各样的想法。考查名词辨析。A. purposes目的；B. suggestions建议；C. thoughts想法；D. plans计划。根据 all reached the hall holding various 带着各种 来到这里，前面提到 惊奇，所以是每个人有各自的想法。故选 Co【15题解析】句意：然后要求他们在各自的气球上仔细地写上自己的名字，这样气球就不会爆了。考查形容词辨析。A. quietly轻轻的；B. carefully 仔细的；C. secretly 秘密的；D. clearly 清楚的。根据 the

19、 balloons wouldn ' t blow out能打破 气球，所以是轻轻的。故选 Ao【16题解析】句意：大家都试过了，但不是每个人都成功了。考查形容词辨析。A. honest诚实的；B. ready准备好的；C. patient有耐心的；D. successful成功的。根据 Five balloons blew out due to pressure气球坏了 5个，可知并不是所有人都 成功了。故选D。【17题解析】句意：那些没有在气球上签名的人被排除在比赛之外。考查动词辨析。A. checked检查；B. helped帮助；C. ruled规则；D. cleaned 清晰

20、。根据 Those who failed to mark their names on the balloons 失败的人，所以是出局， rule out 排除；故选Co【18题解析】句意：所有带着名字的气球都被收集起来，然后放在一个房间里，到处都是。考查动词辨析。A. collected收集；B. weighed 称重；C. tied 打结；D. cleaned 打扫。根据 then put into a room, here and there 将气球放在房子里，所以是先把所有的气球收集起来。故选Ao【19题解析】C. number计数；D. find找到。根据right one正确的那个

21、人，由此推测是找到那个人。故选D。【20题解析】句意：几分钟内，所有气球都到达了各自的工程师手中。考查动词辨析。A. freed释放；B. reached到达；C. lifted举起；D. hit打击。根据the hands of the respective engineers气球上名字对应的人，由此可知是交给那个人。故选 Bo阅读理解（共36分）三、阅读下列短文.根据短文内容，从文后各所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共26分，每小题2分）A句意：已经快15分钟了，但是没有人能找到带有自己名字的气球。考查动词辨析。A. mark 标记;B. hide 躲藏;20 35Ih.

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24、 E yon (>n Fndjy. we “El 2the (koQiM 人ms ind r>< io m diOhcm kmk nf s 卜金 仇，ti a!I mer the uotld I y fhlly cim"'21. When did Roger have his birthday party?A. Last WednesdayC. Last Friday22. Who went on a school field trip last week?A. Alan.B. Jessica23. Martin went to Atlanta A. spe

25、ak at a conferenceC. perform in a competition【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C【语篇解读】文章分别介绍了四个孩子上周的活动。上周六，罗杰举行了15岁的生日聚会；杰西卡上个星期参加学校郊游；萨拉上星期三很幸运地去参加了一个慈善会议。马丁去亚特兰大参加比赛中的表演。【21题解析】细节理解题。根据 Roger： It was my 15th birthday last Saturday罗杰：这是我上周六的15岁生日。可知罗杰的生日是上周六。故选 D。【22题解析】 细节理解题。根据 Jessica： Yes, My class were on a

26、 school field trip last week杰西卡：是的，上个星期我的班级去【23题解析】细节理解题。 根据 Martin : Last Thursday, my school band (乐队) went to Atlanta to perform in a competition ,马丁 ： 上周四，我的学校乐队在亚特兰大的一次比赛中表演了，可知，马丁去亚特兰大在比赛中表演。故选CoBA Beautiful MomentWhen I was in high school. I worked part -time helping Dad sell fruits and veget

27、ables at a matket. One day , as I was preparing the fruits. A little boy came by with his mom and sister. He was about eight years old , and the girl. five or six. They were looking the fruits in front of me. I heard the kids say to their mom(in French),"They' re good!French. Because I can

28、speak and understand it.Then I noticed how mom was picking the fruits. At first I thought she was really looking at the fruits because she was facing them. But then I noticed how much she had to feel and smell each one as she picked them out. And often asked her son if it looked okay, but looked way

29、 above where his face was. Putting what I saw together, I was sure she was blind.Both of the kids continued to help their mom pick out the fruits . The son made sure the fruits were not obviously bad, and the daughter handed them to her mom. The woman then felt each one and smiled, and the daughter

30、would put them into their basket . The kids were smiling while helping their mom pick the fruits out.Their smile and gentle manner moved me in a way that never happened before . It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help. Most kids that age would be picking out candies or toys in a

31、 store for themselves, instead of helping their mom pick out fruits as the two kids did.It was great to witness the moment, but not so great because I didn' t tell the mom how beautiful her children wtheir language . this is what I regret to this day.24. The women and her kids came to the market

32、 to buy.A. fruitsB. vegetablesC. candiesD. toys25. According to what he saw, the writer was sure the mother couldn .' tA. speakB. seeC. smellD. hear26. The writer was moved because .A. the mother was brave to face her problems.参加学校郊游了，可知杰西卡上个星期参加学校郊游。故选BoB. the kids were polite and kind to each

33、otherplaces was recorded using the information on the children' s addresses from birth up through to the time 0ved the influence of greenness on populations outs of Spain.Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）. Working memory and inattentiveness（ 注意力

34、 D. Living in greener neighborhoods benefits children in brain development.不集中）were graded with computers.【答案】27. A 28. B 29. D"This is the first study that shows the association between long -term exposure to green space and brain structure.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了一项科学实验的结果，结果表明生活在绿色环境下有利于大脑的发育，但是这个结Says

35、 Dr. Payam Dadvand, the leading researcher of the study," Our findings suggest that exposure to gree论spacetearyln个地方的人还有待观察和后续实验证明。life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain.”【27 题解析】The findings show that long -term exposure to greenness is positively associated with white

36、 and grey matter volumes细节理解题。根据 The study was performed among 253schoolchildren in Spain 可知，此段主要讲述的是有关于研究如何进行的事情，故选 A。in several parts of the brain. Some of them are related to higher scores on cognitive tests. Moreover, larger volumes ofC. the mother was careful in picking out thingsD. the kids we

37、re so willing to help their mother 【答案】24. A 25. B 26. D【语篇解读】文章介绍了两个孩子帮盲人妈妈挑选水果，作者被这温情一幕打动。【24题解析】细节理解题。根据 Then I noticed how mom was picking the fruits .然后我注意到妈妈是如何挑选水果的，可知他 们是来买水果的，故选 Ao【25题解析】细节理解题。根据I was sure she was blind.我确定她是盲人，可知作者认为这个妈妈看不到，故选 B。【26题解析】细节理解题。 根据 It was so beautiful to see

38、such young kids so willingly help . Most kids that age would be picking out candies or toys in a store for themselves , instead of helping their mom pick out fruits as the two kids did . 看到这么小 的孩子们如此乐于助人，真是太美了。大多数同龄的孩子会在商店里为自己挑选糖果或玩具，而不是像两个孩子 那样帮助他们的妈妈挑选水果。可知作者被这两个孩子愿意帮助他们的母亲而感动，故选D。CSome primary sc

39、hoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around. They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas of the brain. These differences are associated（ 关联）with beneficial effects on cognitive function （ 认知功能 ）.This is the main conclusion of a study

40、led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health.The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain . Lifelong exposure（ 接触）to green space in the living white and grey matter in those parts might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness.Exposure to nature has been thought to be

41、necessary for brain development in children. Another study of 2,593 children shows that children in school with more green space have a greater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness.Humans are believed to be tied to nature. Playing in greener areas offers children oppo

42、rtunities to search and learn. Accordingly, green space is thought to prompt important exercises in discovery, creativity and risk taking. These exercises in turn positively influence brain development.Dr. Dadvand ' s study suggests how such structural changes could bring about the beneficial ef

43、fects of green spaces on cognitive development, it also adds to the proof that suggests the lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasing greenness in cities.Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other populations, settings and climate

44、s. And researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space.27. The second paragraph is mainly about.A. how the study was performedB. what was recorded in the studyC. how long the study lastedD. who took part in the study28. The word “ prompt " in paragraph

45、 6 probably means "."A. controlB. encourageC. balanceD. change29. What can we learn from the passage?A. Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain.B. Dr. Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment.【28题解析】we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking our

46、self -improvement power will we realize that were beginning to take词意猜测题。A. control 控制；B. encourage 鼓励，促进；C. balance 平衡；D. change 改变。根据 These exercises in turn positively influence brain development 可知，是极大的促进大脑的发育，四个选项中意思最为接近的是鼓励， 促进，故选B。【29题解析】推理判断题。根据 Our findings suggest that exposure to green sp

47、ace early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain可知，在绿色环境下生活有利于大脑发育，故选 D。DWe often reach a point in our life when we should be ready for change that will help us unlock ourthings light and become happy.30. The writer mentions the three questions in Paragraph 2 to show that

48、A. we learn our lessons when we experience painB. we are responsible for the problems we meetC. life fails us when we get into the wrong wayD. life is a long journey full of ups and downs31. What is the key to solving Jane' s problem?A. She needs to remember why she started.self-improvement powe

49、r. However, there's always something staring at us right under our nose but we donB. She has to tksewihoweo get on with people.only time we think of unlocking our self -improvement power is when everything gets worst.When do we realize that we need to change diets? When none of our shirts and je

50、ans would fit us. When do we stop eating candies and chocolates? When all of our teeth have fallen off. When do we realize that we need to stop smoking? When our lungs have gone bad. We see the warning signs and signals when things get rough and difficult.C. She has to realize she is not what she is

51、 in her story.D. She needs to understand the importance of confidence.32. The writer probably agrees that.A. the world tells us how to improve ourselvesThe only time most of us ever learn about unlocking our self -improvement power is when the whole world is falling B. people change when they find i

52、t easy to do thatapart. We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change, but change becomes more painful when we ignore（ 忽C. welcoming change in life is a drive to become better视）it,D. enjoying the process of self -improvement makes life simplerChange will happen, like it or hate it. At

53、one point or another. we are all going to finally unlock our33. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?self-improvement power not because the world says so. But because we realize it' s for our own good. A. Is it important to take things light?Happy people don' just a

54、ccept change; they embrace （拥抱）it. Unlocking our self-improvement power meansB. Is it necessary to embrace challenges?unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are. It is such a poor excuse for people who fearC. To hold on to the last moment or to give up?change.D. To fre

55、e ourselves out of the box or to stay in it?Jane always tells everyone that she doesn' t have the courage to be around groups of people. She heard her family 】 30. A 31. C 32. C 33. Dtell the same things about her to other people. Over the years, that is what Jane has believed. Every time a grea

56、t crowd【语篇解读】这是一篇人生感悟类阅读，主要介绍在我们的生活中，当我们准备好要改变的时候，我们经常会达come, she steps back and locks herself up in a room. Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!到一个点，这将帮助我们打开自我提升的力量。打开自我提高能力的唯一时刻是当一切变得最糟糕的时候。只有Self-improvement may not be everybody ' s favorite word, but if we look at things in a d

57、ifferent way, we might have当我们享受解锁自我完善能力的整个过程，从固定思维中解脱出来时，我们才会意识到我们开始轻而易举地获得greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of counting the days until we are fully improved. Three sessions in 快乐。a week at the gym would result in a healthier life. Reading books every day would build up knowledge. And only when【30题解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句The only time we think of unlocking our self-improvement power is whenWhen it comes to