情态动词和虚拟语气PPT课件

1、英语（英语（RJRJ）理理 论论 指指 导导即即 时时 演练演练强强 化化 训训 练练第三编第三编 语法突破篇语法突破篇情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气英语（英语（RJRJ）理理 论论 指指 导导即即 时时 演练演练强强 化化 训训 练练第三编第三编 语法突破篇语法突破篇情态动词是各地高考试题中的必考项目，每年高考单项填空必有一道考查情态动词的题目。考点依次是：推测(可能性)，请求、允许，必要性等。其中对shall，should，must，can/could以及“情态动词完成式”考查较多。近几年高考对虚拟语气的考查并不太多，主要考查if条件从句和wish，as if等后面接的从句中，以及表

2、示“坚持、建议、命令、要求”的词语，如：suggest，insist，demand，order等，及这些词的相应名词所跟的同位语从句和表语从句中的用法。有时会结合其它从句进行考查，把握语境是解决问题的关键。英语（英语（RJRJ）理理 论论 指指 导导即即 时时 演练演练强强 化化 训训 练练第三编第三编 语法突破篇语法突破篇.情态动词一、常见的情态动词的基本用法情态动词主要用法典句示例can/could表示能力He can play table tennis quite well.表示理论上的可能性，“有时候可能会”Even an experienced teacher can make mi

3、stakes.表示请求和允许Can I go now？Yes，you can.表示请求，口语中常用could代替canCould you wait two days for the money？表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信(主要用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句)Can the news be true？Can what he said just now be true？表推测，译为“可能”(用于否定句和疑问句)Who can it be？He cant come now.Its raining so hard.英语（英语（RJRJ）理理 论论 指指 导导即即 时时 演练演练强强 化化 训训 练练第三编第三

4、编 语法突破篇语法突破篇情态动词主要用法典句示例may/might表示允许、许可May I use your mobile phone？在表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉She asked if she might open the window.表示可能性的推测，含有“或许，可能”之意，用might代替may时，语气显得更加不肯定Her appearance has changed so much that you may not recognize her.may用于祈使句中表示祝愿，句式需用倒装May you return safe and sound.英语（英语（RJR

5、J）理理 论论 指指 导导即即 时时 演练演练强强 化化 训训 练练第三编第三编 语法突破篇语法突破篇情态动词主要用法典句示例must表示“必须；应该”。以must开头的问句，否定回答常用neednt或dont have to，肯定回答用mustYou must see the doctor.表示有把握的推测，一般用于肯定句She must be watching TV now.表示“偏要，硬要”做某事If you must smoke，please go out.英语（英语（RJRJ）理理 论论 指指 导导即即 时时 演练演练强强 化化 训训 练练第三编第三编 语法突破篇语法突破篇情态动词主

6、要用法典句示例have to表示“必须；不得不”Its getting dark.We have to go home now.shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见和向对方请示Shall we put off the sports meeting until next week？用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁；此外，当颁布法律、规定时也用shallYou shall get an answer from me by tomorrow.It has been announced that candidates shall remain in

7、 their seats until all the papers have been collected.英语（英语（RJRJ）理理 论论 指指 导导即即 时时 演练演练强强 化化 训训 练练第三编第三编 语法突破篇语法突破篇情态动词主要用法典句示例should表示劝告和建议，作“应该，应当”讲He should learn to be more polite.表示推测，意为“按理说，应该，应该会”It should be a good movieits reviews were very good.用在if条件句中，表示可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能If anyone should pho

8、ne，tell him Im in conference.(与疑问词连用，表示意外，纳闷，惊讶等)到底，究竟是(用于表示感情，意志等句中的that从句)竟然，居然Why should I help him？Hes never done anything for me.Im surprised that you should speak in such a way.Im glad that your story should have won the first prize.英语（英语（RJRJ）理理 论论 指指 导导即即 时时 演练演练强强 化化 训训 练练第三编第三编 语法突破篇语法突破篇情

9、态动词主要用法典句示例will/would用于表示意志或意愿He will give his girlfriend anything she wants.表示请求，建议。用would比will委婉、客气些Would you like to come to my party？表示习惯：will可表示主语现在的习惯，常译为“总是，习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作时用wouldShe will sit for hours reading in the afternoon.When he was young，he would listen to music alone in his room.表示预料或

10、猜想That will be the postman ringing.表示事物的某种性质或倾向Wood will float on the water.英语（英语（RJRJ）理理 论论 指指 导导即即 时时 演练演练强强 化化 训训 练练第三编第三编 语法突破篇语法突破篇情态动词主要用法典句示例need表示需要；必要。用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中Need we make the test？No，we neednt.dare意为“敢；敢于”，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用于肯定句。I dare say是习惯说法，意为“我想，大概”How dare you talk like th

11、at？ought to表示义务、忠告等，意为“应当，应该”The dish is delicious.You ought to try some.表示推测、可能性，意为“应该”He ought to be feeling better by this evening.英语（英语（RJRJ）理理 论论 指指 导导即即 时时 演练演练强强 化化 训训 练练第三编第三编 语法突破篇语法突破篇特别提醒：1.表示经过努力而成功地做成某件具体事情时，一般用was/were able to，不用could。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but

12、everyone was able to get out.尽管大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆，但是每个人都逃了出去。2.can的一些常用固定搭配：cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.表示“不得不，只好”。cannot/can never.enough/too再也不为过，越越。3.may的一些常用固定搭配：may well动词原形意为“完全能，很可能”，may/might as well动词原形意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”。4.must开头的问句，其否定回答用neednt或dont have to代替。

13、5.mustnt表示“禁止、不许做某事”。英语（英语（RJRJ）理理 论论 指指 导导即即 时时 演练演练强强 化化 训训 练练第三编第三编 语法突破篇语法突破篇二、表示推测的情态动词用法比较一览表情态动词适用句式适用时态意义典句示例must肯定句一般时、进行时、完成时一定、肯定You must be hungry after the long walk.He must be sleeping in the dormitory.can(could)疑问句，否定句一般时、进行时、完成时可能，能够She cant be reading in the reading room now.Can/Cou

14、ld this be an excuse for that？英语（英语（RJRJ）理理 论论 指指 导导即即 时时 演练演练强强 化化 训训 练练第三编第三编 语法突破篇语法突破篇情态动词适用句式适用时态意义典句示例may(might)肯定句，否定句一般时、进行时、完成时也许，可能He may not be happy.He may be playing basketball on the playground.should(ought to)肯定句一般时待，“应该”He should be around sixty years old.(确定)Its nearly seven oclock，

15、Jack should be here at the moment.(期待)will(would)肯定句、否定句、疑问句一般时、进行时、完成时大概He will have forgotten me.I left him 18 years ago.It would be about ten when he left home.英语（英语（RJRJ）理理 论论 指指 导导即即 时时 演练演练强强 化化 训训 练练第三编第三编 语法突破篇语法突破篇三、“情态动词have done”用法类型构成主要用法句式典句示例对过去的推测must have done表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必/准

16、是/一定做了某事”肯定句You must have gone to bed late last night.Your eyes are red.can/couldhave done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定否定句、疑问句He cannot have forgotten it.may/mighthave done表示对过去已发生的行为的推测，意为“也许/或许/已经(没有)”肯定句、否定句Its too late.I think he may have gone to bed.英语（英语（RJRJ）理理 论论 指指 导导即即 时时 演练演练强强 化化 训训 练练第三编第三编 语法突破篇语法

17、突破篇类型构成主要用法句式典句示例表示后悔、责备或遗憾could have done表示虚拟意味，意为“本来能够(可以)”(但实际并没有做)肯定句The accident could have been avoided.might have done表示本来应该或可以做某事，含有轻微的责备语气肯定句You might have given him more help，though you were busy.should/oughtto have done表示本该做某事而实际上未做，否定形式表示做了本不应该做的事肯定句、否定句You are late.You ought to have arr

18、ived five minutes earlier.You shouldnt have told her the news.英语（英语（RJRJ）理理 论论 指指 导导即即 时时 演练演练强强 化化 训训 练练第三编第三编 语法突破篇语法突破篇类型构成主要用法句式典句示例表示后悔、责备或遗憾neednt have done表示做了本来不必做的事否定句I actually neednt have bought so much wineonly three people came.had better have done用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”肯定句、否定句You

19、 had better have started earlier.You had better not have scolded her.would rather have done表示“宁愿当时做了某事”(但事实上过去并未做)肯定句、否定句I would rather have taken his advice.I would rather not have said that.would have done“本愿意做而没做”would like/love to have done sth.过去愿意做但未做成I would have gone to see the film with you

20、 but one of my friends came.I would love to have gone to the party last night，but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.英语（英语（RJRJ）理理 论论 指指 导导即即 时时 演练演练强强 化化 训训 练练第三编第三编 语法突破篇语法突破篇特别提醒：didnt need to do表示过去不必做，也没做某事He was only 5 years old and didnt need to go to school.英语（英语（RJRJ）理理 论论 指指 导导即即

21、 时时 演练演练强强 化化 训训 练练第三编第三编 语法突破篇语法突破篇一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用虚拟条件句主句典句示例与现在事实相反的假设If主语动词的过去式(be动词用were)主语should/would/could/might动词原形If I were you，I should seize the chance to go abroad.与过去事实相反的假设If主语had过去分词主语should/would/could/mighthave过去分词If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.与将来事

22、实相反的假设1.If主语动词的过去式2.If主语were to动词原形3.If主语should动词原形主语should/would/could/might动词原形If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday.英语（英语（RJRJ）理理 论论 指指 导导即即 时时 演练演练强强 化化 训训 练练第三编第三编 语法突破篇语法突破篇二、虚拟语气的其他应用类型构成或用法典句示例用于宾语从句中用于表示要求，命令，建议，意图，决定，推荐等意义的动词，如order，require，demand，su

23、ggest，advise，propose，command，request，insist，recommend等后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词为(should)动词原形The teacher ordered that all of the students be here on time.He insisted that we(should)attend the meeting.wish宾语从句的虚拟语气有三种表达方法：过去时表现在过去完成时表过去could/would/might动词原形表将来I wish she were here.I wish you had come to the lectu

24、re.I wish I could fly to the moon some day.would rather(would sooner)后的宾语从句，谓语用一般过去时表现在或将来要做的事。如谈到过去的动作，则用过去完成时Id rather you paid the money yourself.Id rather you hadnt done that.英语（英语（RJRJ）理理 论论 指指 导导即即 时时 演练演练强强 化化 训训 练练第三编第三编 语法突破篇语法突破篇类型构成或用法典句示例用于主语从句中It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/

25、important/possible/best/better/ strange/natural/essential/a pitythat从句，从句中的谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.It is strange that he(should)have acted towards his parents like that.用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名词后的表

26、语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“(should)动词原形”My suggestion is that you(should)visit China.We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should)go to Dalian for sightseeing.as if/though引导的表语从句过去时表现在过去进行时表现在进行过去完成时表过去could/might/would动词原形表将来It looks as if he were 10 years younger today.It looks as if he hadnt had a m

27、eal for a week.It looks as if he could live for another century.英语（英语（RJRJ）理理 论论 指指 导导即即 时时 演练演练强强 化化 训训 练练第三编第三编 语法突破篇语法突破篇类型构成或用法典句示例用于定语从句中在It is(high)time(that).句型中定语从句的谓语动词用过去式或should动词原形。(其中should不可省略)此句型意为“(现在)该，是的时间了”，用来表示建议It is(high)time that you went/should go to school.用于状语从句中as if/thoug

28、h引导的方式状语从句及even if/though引导的让步状语从句中：过去时表现在过去进行时表现在进行过去完成时表过去could/might/would动词原形表将来He talks as if he knew all about it.Even if he were here，he couldnt solve the problem.英语（英语（RJRJ）理理 论论 指指 导导即即 时时 演练演练强强 化化 训训 练练第三编第三编 语法突破篇语法突破篇类型构成或用法典句示例用于简单句中hope，expect，think，mean，plan，want，intend，suppose等动词的“过

29、去完成时”或它们的“过去时不定式的完成时”表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或用途。We hoped to have stayed there a week.We had hoped to stay there a week.“if only陈述句”表示现在的愿望用过去时；表示过去的愿望用过去完成时；表达将来的愿望用过去时或过去将来时。If only I were a bird！If only we had listened to their advice.英语（英语（RJRJ）理理 论论 指指 导导即即 时时 演练演练强强 化化 训训 练练第三编第三编 语法突破篇语法突破篇类型构成或用法典句示例特别提醒条件句中有were，had，should时，若省略if，则需把were，had，should放在主语前，