语法重点复习虚拟语气讲义

1、语法重点复习-虚拟语气一.既定模式中的虚拟语气：A.由if构成的虚拟语气：If引导一个条件句，含义为”如果/假如”在宾语从句中=whether”是否”时除外） 可以用来表示两种条件：（1）可实现的假设条件（这种假设只可发生在将来，即:说话之后），此时,if从句被称 为:真实条件句，其引导的主从句的时态对应关系如下：if + SA + P（仅用一般现在时或 am/is/are going to do; am/is/are to do=want/plan to do, SB + P（般现在 /一般将来）不可实现的假设条件，即，虚拟条件.这种假设可以针对：现在（说话时及目前阶 段）;过去（说话前）及

2、将来.但都无法实现此时,if从句与主句的时态对应关系如F表所示:假设情况If从句中的动词形式主句中的动词形式对现在S+P一般过去时/be动词常用were）S+P(would/should/could/ might+be /dosth/bedone)对过去S+P(过去完成时:had been/had done sth/had bee n doneS+P(would/should/could/might+have bee n/done)对将来S+P:(1) 一般过去(2) were to do(3) should be /do sthS+P would/should/could/might +be

3、 /do sth例:1. If they(get) to the booking office earlier, they would have got sometickets.2. If you(make) the same mistake later, you would be punished.3. If the doctor(send) for without delay, the boy would still be alive.4. If he(receive) three more votes, he would be our principal now.掌握方法：1. 判断if

4、从句是真实还是虚拟句2. 判断所假设的的情况的所在时间区域3. 背熟主，从句的时态对应关系4. 记忆技巧：条件句中的时态比虚拟情况早一个时态！B.用wish或if only引导一个从句表示一种无法实现的愿望：要是就好了 /旦 愿从句时态变化如下现在无法实现过去无法实现将来无法实现(sb)wish(that) ifon lyS+P（一般过去时） be动词常用wereS+PO去完成时）S+P:would could/might+be / do sth/be done注意:wish与hope的区别:hope that从句表示一个可以实现的愿望(2) hope不可用于:hope sb + sth祝福语

5、)的表达!特定词汇后面的虚拟语气：A.特定动词后面的that从句中的非假设性虚拟建议suggest advise recomme nd(that)S+(should)+be dobe done命令order comma nd同上请求dema nd desire request require in sist urge同上注意:当suggest的主语为sth时,其含义为暗示/表明;后面的从句用正常形式(2)当insist的含义为：坚持说/坚持认为/坚持表白时，后面的从句用正常形式 B.特定名词后面的that从句(同位语从句)中的非假设性虚拟：建议suggesti on advice recomm

6、e ndati onthat S+(should)+be do be done命令order comma nd同上请求dema nd desire request requireme nt同上C.特定形容词后面的that从句中的非假设性虚拟：It + is(be)importa nt stra nge n ecessary esse ntial desirable n aturalthat S+(should)+be dobe done三固定句式中that从句后的虚拟语气：A.It is (high,right) time (that) +S + P( 一般过去时 /should be/do;

7、should 不可省)It is time(that) you(go) to bed.B.(1)sbA would rather sbB + P(一般过去):对现在或将来情况；A希望/旦愿B(现 在 /将)就好了' rather he(be) present at this/tomorrow 'conferen ce.(2)sbA would rather sbB+P(过去完成时):对过去情况;A希望/旦愿B那时/曾 就好了'rather you(pass) that difficult exam.四到装虚拟式：当 if 条件句中为：lf S+P(were/had do

8、ne/should do stl时可变为： Were/Had/Should + S +P适当形式)，主句不变1. ) If it were summer tomorrow, we could go swimming.二Were it summer tomorrow, we could go swimming.2. ) If he had come to school yesterday, he would have seen the film star.=Had he come to school yesterday, he would have see n the film star.3.

9、) If I were you , I wouldn 'go.=Were I you, I would n'tgo.4. ) If he should be in Nanjing next week, we could go to the party together.=Should he be in Nanjing n ext week, we could go to the party together. 二非既定模式中的虚拟语气：A. But for sb/sthA,SB + P(虚拟式)=If it be not because of A/if there be no

10、A如果要不是因为A/要是没有A, B就(SB后面的虚拟形式要根据 A的假设 情况而定)1. ) But for the heavy rain yesterday, we(not stay) at home.2. ) But for his great effort, he(not pass) the exam so easily.B. 1.)Without sb/sthA, SB + P如果没有 A,B 就2.)With sb/sthA, SB + P如果有 A, B 就注意:由于without,with可以相当于一个if从句的功能，因此,解题时应首先读 出其相当于一个真实条件句还是虚拟条件句

11、，再确定SB后面的谓语形式.1. ) Without the pills, you(have) another sleepless night.2. ) Without the pills, you(have) such a good sleep.3. ) With the further development of modern agriculture, consumers(supply) with more gree n food.4. ) With a pair of wings like a bird, you(fly) in the sky.C. (1.) SA + P(一般过去)

12、,+ or / otherwise + SB + P(would/should/could/mighthave done)I was busy, or / otherwise I would have joined you in the pic nic.(2.) SA + P(would/should/could/might do+ but + SB + P(般现在)I would help you but I am busy.(3.) SA + P(would/should/could/might have done) but + SB + P(一般过去)I would have helpe

13、d you but I was busy.A.巩固练习：1. Just now he made the suggestion that we(carry) on the talk in French.2. It is necessary that you(ask) others for advice on the work plan.3. I(manage) the design without your encouragement.4. They(atte nd) the con cert last ni ght, but they were too busy.5. She wished s

14、incerely that she(do) something to comfort her husband,who is still out of work.6. If only he(have) the courage to enter the house. Or he would havefound it there.7. In different circumstances, I(agree)8. If he(receive) three more votes, he would be our headmaster.9. It is still fresh in my memory a

15、s though it(be) tonight.10. I think it 'high time that she( make ) up her mind.11. If it(not be) for the rain,we would have had a good harvest.12. (be) she in charge, she would do things differe ntly.13. I "d rather you(not open) the window, for it is a little cold.14. Our world would be mu

16、ch better if there(be) no war at all.15. The customer walked slowly for fear that the vase(slip) from her handsand break.B.检测练习：1. It is desirable that co-operati on betwee n coun triesas long as possible.A. keeps B. could be kept C. be kept D. must be kept2. The General secretary of the U. N ordere

17、d that peace-keeping troops to Iraqimmediately.A. was sent B. would be sent C. should send D. be sent3. If Iso much work to do this weeke nd, Iwith you for a holiday.A. hadn'tgot, go B. wouldn "have, went C. didn "have, would go D. didn 'have, went4. Everythingif Mr. Black hadn &qu

18、ot;called the fire department immediately after the fire brokeout. A. would destroy B. would have destroyed C. would be destroyedD. would have bee n destroyed5. He felt Ion ely and sad as if the whole worldaga inst him. A. tur ns B. has turned C. istur ning D. had tur ned6. He was in poverty at that

19、 time., he wouldn 'have accepted the money.A. However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. The n7. If only hequietly as the doctor in structed, he would not suffered so much now. A.lies B.had lain C. lay D. should lie8. It has bee n recomme nded that more treesn big cities to purify the air.A. will be p

20、lanted B. be planted C. are planted D. are to be planted9. such a student as Tom very often, I would always be in great trouble.A. If I am to meet B. Were I to meet C. Was I to meet D. If I meet10. The fine weather suggests that therea good harvest. A. should be B. be C. isD. will be11. There was a

21、lot of fun at yesterday "party. Youcome, but why didn 'tyou?A. must have B. should C. n eed have D. ought to have12. -Do you mind if I keep pets in this buildi ng?-.A. I ' rather you did n "actually. B. Of course no t. It 'snot allowed here.B. Great! I love pets. D. No, you can

22、 "13. What would have happe ned, as far as the river bank?A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. ifBob walked farther14. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if Iin love,at the age of seven,with the Melinda Cox Library in my home

23、town.A. wouldn "have fallen B. had notfallen C. should fall D. were to fall15. be sent there? A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that shouldB. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should16. He talked as if hefor years.A. is livi ng there B. was living there C. has lived the

24、re D. had lived there17. The officer ordered that everybodypart in the campaign.A. take B. takes C. took D. will take18. He kept his head, otherwise the accident.A. would happen B. had happened C. were happening D. would have happened19. The performanee in the open air would have been called offitanotherfiftee n minu tes.A. had, rained B.