考研中医综合-方剂学(八)

1、中医综合-方剂学（八）(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Section I Use of English(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is(1) only among those with whom he is acquainted. When a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, (2) embarrassed. You have t

2、o take a commuter train any morning or evening to (3) the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner; hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite offensive. (4) , there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of beha

3、vior which, (5) broken, makes the offender immediately the object of (6).It has been known as a fact that a British has a (7) for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it (8) . Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom (9) forecast and

4、hence becomes a source of interest and (10) to everyone. This may be so. (11) a British cannot have much (12) in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the followingday, are often proved wrong (13) a cloud over the Atlantic bringsrainy weather to all districts!The man in the st

5、reet seems to be as accurate or as inaccurateas the weathermen in his (14).Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references (15) weather that the British make toeach other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are (16) by comments on the weather. "Nice day, i

6、sn't it?" "Beautiful!" may well be heard instead of "Good morning, how are you?" (17) the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage. (18) he wants to start a conversation with a British but is

7、(19) to know where to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will (20) an answer from even the most reserved of the British.(分数：10.00)(1).A relaxed B frustrated C amused D exhausted(分数：0.50 )A. VB.C.D.解析：形容词辨析题。4个选项中，relaxed意为“放松的”，frustrated 意为"

8、失败的，落空的”，amused 意为“愉快的”，exhausted意为“疲惫的”，而在文中的意思是“英国人只有处在熟悉的人之中才放松”， 所以正确答案为Ao.A yet B otherwise C even D so(分数：0.50 )A.B.C. VD.解析：语篇理解题。本题考查对语篇的理解。上文中说他总是很紧张，后文表达一种递进的关系，甚至还 局促不安，所以正确答案为even。.A experience B witness C watch D undergo(分数：0.50 )A.B. VC.D.解析：名词辨析题。 4 个选项中， experience 意为“经历”， witness 意为

9、“目击”， watch 意为“看，注 视”， D) undergo 意为“遭受，忍受”，而文中的意思是“目击这个真相”，所以正确答案为B。(4) .A Deliberately B Consequently C Frequently D Apparently (分数： 0.50 )A.B.C.D. V解析：副词辨析题。选项中 Deliberately 意为“故意地”， Consequently 意为“因此”， Frequently 意 为“常常地”， Apparently 意为“显然地”，而文中表达的意思是“显然，有一条不成文的规定”，所以 正确答案为 D 。(5) .A unless B o

10、nce C while D as(分数： 0.50 )A.B. VC.D.B。解析：上下文理解题。文中的意思是“一旦规矩被打破，冒犯者就立刻成为了批评的目标”。选项中只有 once 意为“一旦”，所以正确答案为分数： 0.50 )(6) .A suspicion B opposition C criticism D praiseA.B.C. VD.解析：名词辨析题。 suspicion 意为“怀疑”， 判”， praise 意为“表扬”，所以正确答案为 (7).A emotion B fancy C likeness D judgmentA.B. VC.D.解析：上下文理解题。 选项 emot

11、ion 意为“情绪”oppositionC。意为“反对派”，分数： 0.50 )， fancy 意为“爱好”， likeness 意为“判断”，文中的意思是“英国人有谈论天气的爱好”，所以正确答案为 (8).A at length B to a great extent C from his heart D by all meansA. Vcriticism 意为“批评，批意为“相似物”， judgmentB。分数： 0.50 )B.C.to a great extent 意为“很 意为“尽一切办法”，文中意D.解析：固定搭配题。 4 个选项皆为固定搭配词组， at length 意为“详细地

12、”， 大程度上”， from his heart 意为“真诚地，发自心底地”， by all means 思显然是“只要有机会，他就会详细地谈论天气”，所以正确答案为A。(9) .A follows B predicts C defies D supports(分数： 0.50 )A. VB.C.D.解析：动词辨析题。选项中， follows 意为“遵循”， predicts 意为“预测”， defies 意为“不服从”， supports 意为“支持”，之所以英国人喜欢谈论天气，是因为英国的天气很少遵循天气预报，所以正确答 案为 A。(10) .A dedication B compassi

13、on C contemplation D speculation(分数： 0.50 )A.B.C.D. V解析：名词辨析题。选项 dedication 意为“贡献”， compassion 意为“同情”， contemplation 意为“注 视”， speculation 意为“推测”，文中意思是“这就成为了人们的兴趣和推测的一个来源”，所以正确 答案为 D。(11) .A Still B Also C Certainly D Fundamentally(分数： 0.50 )A.B.C. VD.解析：上下文理解题。本题考查对于语篇的理解。后文是对前文的肯定，所以正确答案为 Certainly

14、 “的 确”。(12) .A faith B reliance C honor D credit(分数： 0.50 )A. VB.C.D.解析：固定搭配题及上下文理解题。4个选项都有信任或尊敬的意思，但只有A构成固定搭配并符合文意，“have faith in”意为“相信”，所以正确答案为A。(13) .A if B once C when D whereas(分数： 0.50)A.B.C. VD.解析：语法知识题。文中意思是“当有乌云笼罩大西洋上空给所有地方带来降雨的时候，预报员却说未来 几天天气晴好”，这里是一个应该由 when 来引导的状语从句，所以正确答案为C。(14) .A prop

15、ositions B predictions C approval D defiance(分数： 0.50 )A.B. VC.D.解析：名词辨析题。选项 propositions 意为“主张，建议”， predictions 意为“预测”， approval 意为 “赞成”， defiance 意为“挑战，蔑视”，文中意思是指“天气预报员的预测”，所以正确答案为B。(15) .A about B on C in D to(分数： 0.50 )A.B.C.D. V解析：固定搭配题。本题不难，句中“ reference to sth”构成固定搭配，意为“涉及到”，所以正确答案为 D。(16) .A

16、 started B conducted C replaced D proposed(分数： 0.50 )A.B.C. VD.解析：动词辨析及上下文理解题。选项 started 意为“开始”， conducted 意为“引导”， replaced 意为 “代替”， proposed 意为“建议”， 文中的意思为“会话中的问候非常经常地被对于气候的评论所替代”， 所以正确答案为 C。（17）.A Since B Although C However D Only if （分数： 0.50 ）A.B. VC.C. 解析：语法知识题。该句的上下文表示一个转折的意思，是一个让步状语从句，这句话的意思是

17、“即使外 国人可能认为这有夸张的成分在，但值得指出的是这种问候方式也有它的优势在”，所以正确答案为 Although 。（18）.A Even if B Because C If D For（分数： 0.50 ）A.B.C. VD. 解析：语法知识题。文中这句话应是一个条件状语从句，意思是“如果他想和一个英国人开始谈话，但又 不知道从哪里开始，他就可以先说说天气情况”，所以正确答案为 If 。（19）.A at a loss B at last C in group D on the occasion（分数： 0.50 ）A. VB.C.D.解析：固定搭配题。 4个选项皆为固定搭配词组， at

18、 a loss 意为“困惑， 不知道”， at last 意为“最后”， in group 意为“在一组”， on the occasion 意为“有时”，所以正确答案为A。（20）.A stimulate B constitute C furnish D provoke（分数： 0.50 ）A.B.C.D. V解析：动词辨析及上下文理解题。 语义干扰题。 选项 stimulate 意为“刺激， 激励”， constitute 意为“制 定”， urnish 意为“供应，提供”， provoke 意为“惹起”，文中的意思为“这是一个非常安全的话题， 它会使一个最最沉默的英国人开口回答”，所以正

19、确答案为D。二、Section n Reading Comprehension（总题数：0，分数：0.00）三、Part A （ 总题数：0，分数： 0.00）四、Text 1 （ 总题数： 1，分数： 10.00）The swine flu will probably return in force earlier than seasonal flu usually begins, federal health officials predicted Friday, saying they expected it to erupt as soon as schools open rather

20、 than in October or November.The swine flu is still circulating in the United States, especially insummercamps, even thoughhot weather has arrived and the regular flu season ended months ago, "so we expect challenges when people return to school, when kids are congregating together," Dr. A

21、nne Schuchat, director of respiratory diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said in a telephone news conference held jointly with vaccine experts from the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services.It is still unclear how many doses of a swine

22、flu vaccine will be available by then, and officials have been reluctant to make firm predictions beyond saying that they expect tens of millions, rather than hundreds of millions, and they plan to distribute them to people who are the most vulnerable, like pregnant women and people who are the most

23、 likely to encounter the flu, like health care workers.The number of doses available will depend on how fast seed strains grow, how much protection a small dose provides, and whether immune-system boosters called adjuvants are needed and prove to be safe; adjuvants are not used in American flu vacci

24、nes now.Clinical trials testing those questions are expected to take another couple of months, said Dr.Jesse L. Goodman, director of the F. D A's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research.Assuming a swine flu vaccination campaign begins, it will be voluntary, Dr. Schuchat emphasized, but she

25、"strongly encouraged" pregnant womento get both a seasonal flu shot and a swine flu shot when they are available.The C D Chas been closely following the disease in the Southern Hemisphere winter, and it is mimicking the patterns seen in the United States and Mexico in the spring, she said.

26、Most infections and most serious cases are in children and young adults, and those with underlying conditions, including pregnancy, are the most likely to die. Dr. Schuchat likened the spread's unpredictability to that of popcorn: one city could see an explosion of cases and overwhelmed hospital

27、s while another saw few.Her most important message, she added, was that "the virus isn't gone, and we fully expect there will be challenges in the fall. "(分数： 10.00 )(1) .Why did officials expect the swine flu to erupt as soon as schools open rather than in October or November?A There

28、will be sufficient swine flu vaccines then.B The swine flu is still circulating.C The cold weather then will hinder their work.D People will be plunged into panic by then. (分数： 2.00 )A.B. VC.D.解析：重点在于第二段第一句，即“甲型H1N1流感目前仍在美国流行，特别是在夏令营中”。由于流感多在人群密集地方爆发，故学校一开学，流感就很有可能再度爆发。选项C D文中未提及，而选项 A虽在下文中有提及，但却并未说

29、到时候是否会有足够的疫苗。(2) .What measures will be taken due to the potential insufficiency of swine flu doses?A Urge the factory to accelerate production.B Speed up the clinic trials.C Distribute the vaccines to people who are the most vulnerable.D Still encourage people to reduce their public activities and

30、remain at home.(分数： 2.00 )A.B.C. VD.解析：根据第三段作答。第三段，政府官员表示并不清楚到时会不会有足够的疫苗可用，故要先分配给最 急需的人。选项 A、B、D逻辑上并无错误，但在文中并未提及，故不选。(3) .According to the text, what does "adjuvant" (Para 4, Line 2) refer to?A An immune-system booster.B Another kind of vaccine.C A new medicine.D A new dangerous virus. (分数

31、： 2.00 )A. VB.C.D.解析：参照文中的“ immune - system boosters called adjuvants ”这一部分即可作答。(4) .Which of the following questions is not included in "those questions" (Para 5, Line 1) ?A How fast do seed strains grow?B How much protection does a small dose provide?C Are adjuvants needed and prove to b

32、e safe?D How much will such doses cost? (分数： 2.00 )A.B.C.D. V解析：综合上段内容， 可以看出指代的是上段中 how fast seed strains grow，how muchprotection a small dose provides ，以及 whether immune-system boosters called adjuvants are needed and prove to be safe 这三个问题。故答案为 D。(5) .Which of the following is the most infective t

33、o this disease?A A twelve-year old school boy.B A twenty-seven year old athlete.C A fifty-year old male gardener.D A forty-seven year old female driver.(分数： 2.00 )A. VB.C.D.解析：重点在于倒数第二段的第一句“ Most infections and most serious cases are in children and young adults ，and those with underlying conditions

34、 ，including pregnancy ，are the most likely to die ” 这里所说的是青少年、身体虚弱以及怀孕的，那么再综合选项考虑即可得出答案为A。五、Text 2 ( 总题数： 1，分数： 10.00)It is no longer just dirty blue-collar jobs in manufacturing that are being sucked offshore but also white-collar service jobs, which used to be considered safe from foreign competit

35、ion. Telecoms charges have tumbled, allowing workers in far-flung locations to be connected cheaply to customers in the developed world. This has made it possible to offshore services that were once non-tradable. Morgan Stanley's Mr. Roach has been drawing attention to the fact that the "gl

36、obal labour arbitrage" is moving rapidly to the better kinds of jobs. It is no longer just basic data processing and call centres that are being outsourced to low-wage countries, but also software programming, medical diagnostics, engineering design, law, accounting, finance and business consul

37、ting. These can now be delivered electronically from anywhere in the world, exposing skilled white-collar workers to greater competition.The standard retort to such arguments is that outsourcing abroad is too small to matter much.So far fewer than lm American service-sector jobs have been lost to of

38、f-shoring. Forrester Research forecasts that by 2015 a total of 3.4m jobs in services will have moved abroad, but that is tiny compared with the 30m jobs destroyed and created in America every year. The trouble is that such studies allow only for the sorts of jobs that are already being off-shored,

39、when in reality the proportion of jobs that can be moved will rise as IT advances and education improves in emerging economies.Alan Blinder, an economist at Princeton University, believes that most economists are underestimating the disruptive effects of off-shoring, and that in future two to three

40、times as many service jobs will be susceptible to off-shoring as in manufacturing. This would imply that at least 30% of all jobs might be at risk. In practice the number of jobs off-shored to China or India is likely to remain fairly modest. Even so, the mere threat that they could be shiftedwill d

41、epress wages.Moreover, says Mr. Blinder, education offers no protection. Highly skilled accountants, radiologists or computer programmers now have to compete with electronically delivered competition from abroad, whereas humble taxi drivers, janitors and crane operators remain safe from off-shoring.

42、 This may help to explain why the real median wage of American graduates has fallen by 6% since 9000, a bigger decline than in average wages.In the 1980s and early 1990s, the pay gap between low-paid, low-skilled workers and high-paid, high-skilled Workers widened significantly. But since then, acco

43、rding to a study by David Autor, Lawrence Katz and Melissa Kearney, in America, Britain and Germany workers at the bottom as well as at the top have done better than those in the middle-income group. Office cleaning cannot be done by workers in India. It is the easily standardised skilled jobs in th

44、e middle, such as accounting, that are now being squeezed hardest. A study by Bradford Jensen and Lori Kletzer,at the Institute for International Economics in Washington D. C., confirms that workers in tradable services that are exposed to foreign competition tend to be more skilled than workers in

45、non-tradable services and tradable manufacturing industries.（分数： 10.00 ）（1）.To offshore services that were once non-tradable results from .A the blue-collar job marketB the geographic location of the underdeveloped worldC the fierce competition among skilled workersD the dive of telecoms fee （分数： 2.

46、00 ）A.B.C.D. V解析： 考点解析 这是一道细节题，测试考生对原文细节信息的理解和把握。本题的答案信息来源在第一 段的第二、 三句， 其大意是 : “电信费用大幅度下降， 使身处遥远地点的工作者与发达世界的客户连接在一 起。这能够把以前无法进行交易的服务推向海外”。可见电信方面的因素起了一定的作用。故本题的正确 选项应该是D。考生在阅读时要注意借助于指代词理清上下句之间的关系。（2）.Which of the following statements is the typical reply concerning off-shoring?A Service-sector has su

47、stained a great loss.B White-collar workers will not have a narrow escape.C Most economists underestimated the effects of off-shoring.D Outsourcing abroad has no significant impact.（分数： 2.00 ）A.B.C.D. V解析： 考点解析 本题是一道细节题，测试考生对原文细节的真正理解能力。本题的答案信息来源在第二 段首句，该句中的“ standard ”一词的含义不是“标准的”，而是“常见的、一般的、典型的”。本

48、句的 大意是:“对上述论点的典型的 （或常见的 ） 反驳是向海外外包服务太微不足道了， 以致于不会有多大影响。 由此可以推断本题的正确选项应该是D。考生在阅读时要注意对原文词语的正确理解。（3）.According to the text, Forrester Research Prediction might be different if .A outsourcing abroad is large enough to matter muchB the proportion of jobs that can be moved will riseC more comprehensive fa

49、ctors are taken into accountD education improvement in emerging economies plays a role（分数： 2.00 ）A.B.C. VD.解析： 考点解析 这是一道细节归纳推导题，测试考生对原文信息的归纳和推导能力。本题的答案信息来 源在第二段的第三、四句，重点在第四句（ 即第二段的尾句 ） 。第二段的第三句对“ Forrester Research ”的相关预测进行了介绍。第二段尾句（即第四句 ） 针对“ Forrester Research ”的预测指出了其中的问题（trouble）之所在。第二段尾句的大意是：“问

50、题是上述研究仅仅考虑了目前已经被外包的工作种类”。由此可以推断本题的正确选项应该是C。考生在阅读时要注意原文句子之间的相互关系。（4）.The narrative of the text in the last three paragraphs concentrates on .A the standard retort to the argumentsB off-shoring and the resulting incomeC the future off-shoringD the counter-measures at hand （分数： 2.00 ）A.B. VC.D.解析： 考点解析

51、 这是一道细节归纳和总结题，测试考生对原文细节信息的归纳和总结的综合能力。本题 的答案信息来源在第三段的尾句、第四段的尾句和尾段的第一、二句。第三段的尾句涉及到“wages，第四段的尾句涉及到“ median wage” 和“ average wages "，尾段第一、二句涉及至U“ pay gap ” 以及“ the middle- income group ”等相关词语。由此可以推断本题的正确选项是B。考生在阅读时要注意归纳和总结原文细节信息。（5）.Which of the following could be the best title for the text?A Bus

52、iness consulting.B Blue-collar jobs.C Non-tradable services.D White-collar blues. （分数： 2.00 ）A.B.C.D. V解析： 考点解析 本题属于中心主旨题型，测试考生归纳全文中心主旨思想的能力。本题的答案信息分布 在全文的字里行间，但是最关键的信息来源在全文首段的第一句 （即全文的中心主旨句 ）。首段第一句的大 意是： “目前， 被外包到海外的不只是蓝领工作， 过去被认为不会受国外竞争影响的白领工作也正在被外包 到海外。”由此可以推断本题的正确选项是D。考生在阅读时要注意识别和捕捉文章的中心主旨句。六、Te

53、xt 3 （ 总题数： 1，分数： 10.00）It is a favorite pastime of older people to lament the defects of the young. Every generation seems to be convinced that in its day, standards were higher, schools were tougher and kids were smarter. But if I.Q. scores are any measure, and even their critics agree they measur

54、e something, people are getting smarter. Researchers who study intelligence say scores around the world have been increasing so fast that a high proportion of people regarded as normal at the turn of the century would be considered way below average by today's tests.Psychologists offer a variety

55、 of possible explanations for the increase, including better nutrition, urbanization, more experience with test taking, and smaller families. Some even say that television and video games have made children's brains more agile. But no explanation is without its critics, and no one can say with c

56、ertainty what effects, if any, the change is having on howpeople lead their daily lives. It is all the more mysterious because it seems to be happening in the absence of a simultaneous increase in scores on achievement tests. One explanation for the rise is ruled out： genetics. Because the increase

57、has taken place in a relatively short period of time, it cannot be due to genetic factors.The worldwide pattern of rising scores in industrialized nations was discovered by Dr. James R.Flynn, now a professor at the University of Otego, NewZealand. He began looking into the subject in the 1980's in an effort to rebut Dr. Arthur Jensen, the professor from the UC Berkeley who argued that even if the environments of blacks and whites were equalized, the 15-point gap inI. Q. sc