人教版高中英语必修第一册UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS同步复习

1、UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS知识清单破I .核心单词(A)写作词汇一写词形1. n.灾难;灾害2. 氏旱灾;久旱3. n.洪水;大量vi.淹没;大量涌入vt.使灌满水;淹没4. n.& vt.营救;救援5. vt.损害;破坏n.损坏;损失6. vt.摧毁;毁灭7. vt.疏散;撤出vi.撤离8. n.避难处;居所;庇护vt.保护;掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)9. n.& vt.破坏;毁坏10. n.百分之a4j.& adv.每一百中11. n.电;电能12. vt.埋葬;安葬13. vi.&vt.呼吸14. n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力15.

2、n.供应(量)；补给;pl.补给品vt.供应;供给16. n.突发事件;紧急情况17. adj.镇静的;沉着的使平静;使镇静18. vi.吹口哨;发出笛声vt.吹口哨n.哨子(声);呼啸声19. vt.& vi.碰撞;撞击n.撞车;碰撞20. vt.& vi.递送;传达vt.发表21. n.总结;概括;概要22. vi.& vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵袭;突击;击打 n.罢工;罢课;袭击23. n.帮助;援助;救援物资vi.& vt.(formal)帮助;援助24. n.海浪;波浪vi.& vt.挥手;招手(B)阅读词汇一明词

3、义1. tornado n.2. landslide n.3. slide vi.& vt. 4. tsunami n. 5. magnitude n. 6. helicopter n. 7. crack n. vi.& vt. 8. metal n. 9. unify vi.& vt. 10. context n. 11. volcano n. 12. typhoon n. (C)拓展词汇一灵活用13. hurricane n. 14. tap vi.& vt. n. 15. pipe n. 16. kit n. 17. sweep vt.& vi.

4、18. transportation n. 19. positive adj. 20. rebuild vt. 21. tourist n. 22. gratitude n. 1. Vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险境;陷阱T adj.受困的 t n.捕杀动物者2. n.智慧;才智- adj.明智的;聪明的3. vt.遭受;蒙受vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦- n.苦难4. vi.&vt.（火山）爆发;（岩浆、烟等）喷出t n.爆发，喷发5. n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力 adj.力量大的;强有力的6. Vt.&vi.复活;（使）苏醒T n.振兴;复苏7. vt.影响;

5、（疾病）侵袭;深深打动 n.影响;结果;效果 t adj.有效的8. n.长;长度 adj.长的;长期的t vt.& vi.（使）变长9. n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克vt.（使）震惊 adj.令人 震惊的t adj.感到震惊的10. n.死;死亡7 vi.&vt.死亡;凋谢;消亡r adj.死亡的11. vi.生存;存活幸存;艰难度过- n.生存,幸存;残存 物- n.幸存者，生还者II.重点短语1. 谈及;参考;涉及2. 严重受损;破败不堪3. _建起;建立14. 轮流做某事4. _似乎;好像;仿佛15. 急救箱5. 注意;关注16. 首先6. 被用来做某事17. 远离7.

6、至少18.处于危险中8. _像往常一样;照例19. 消灭;彻底消除9. _挖出;挖掘20. 执行;贯彻;操作;完成10. _站起来21. 以为基础11. 遭受;患病;受.22. 为做准备苦23. 震惊;吃惊12. _经历;仔细检查24. 现有（尤指帮助）13. 露天;在户外25. 抄近路穿过m.经典结构1.至少有一口井里正冒出臭气。At least one wellsome smelly gasout of it.2 .鸡，甚至猪都太焦躁而不吃食，狗拒绝进入屋内。Chickens andeven pigs werenervouseat, and dogs refused to goinside

7、 buildings.3 救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes .4 .准备一个急救箱也是非常重要的。 is also very important.5 .如果你发现自己处于森林火灾的危险中，首先要保持冷静。If you from a forest fire, first of all, stay calm.w.长难句分析l.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.and fish jumped out of the wat

8、er.分析:句中 连接了两个并列分句，第一个分句中looking for places to hide 为 作状语。句意:老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身，鱼从水里往外跳。1.1 t seemed as if the world were coming to an end!分析:句中as if引导 从句,从句中使用了 语气。句意:似乎世界末日即将来临！3 .The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation,industry, and

9、environment.分析:句中has become为 时态,强调新的城市已经变成现在这个样 子。句中with.environment为with的 ，在句中作 。句意:这座新城市已经成为700多万人的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了极大的改善。4 .The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thai

10、land, Malaysia, and at least four other countries.分析:本句为主从复合句。主句的主语为earthquake,谓语动词为，宾语 为 ，宾语后为that引导的 ;句中killing.为现在分词 短语作 状语。句意:昨天，过去40年来最强烈的地震引发了海啸，海啸袭击了亚洲各地的沿海地区，造 成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及至少其他四个国家的6,500多人死亡。5 .Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the str

11、ong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.分析：句中were swept away为 语态;caused by.为过去分词短语 作 ，修饰名词 ；句中 that reached a magnitude of 9.0 为 引导的 ，修饰先行词。句意:渔民、游客、旅馆、住宅和汽车都被达到9.0级的强烈地震引起的巨浪冲走了。V.必备语法1. There were deep cracks appeared in the well walls.2. Two thirds of the people lived there were dead or in

12、jured.3. Workers built shelters for survivors homes had been destroyed.4. A doctor with James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.5. The supplies were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.词汇情景破1. flood n.洪水；大量vl.淹没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；淹没Flood（教材P49）洪水情景导学When

13、the Nile is in flood, it deposits a layer of mud on the fields.尼罗河泛滥时在田野上沉 积下一层泥。Letters came flooding in from the angry audience.愤怒观众的来信如潮水般涌来。归纳拓展in flood在泛滥a flood of大量的flood in/into 大量涌入flood sb./sth. with sth.使某人/某物被某物淹没;将某物大量送至某人/某物处单句语法填空1-1 But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded

14、him questions.1-2 Adults understand what it feels like to (flood) with objects.1-3 As flood of problems catch you up, it is best to turn to your parents for help.2. affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动82 killed, 500,000 affected(教材 P49)死亡 82 人,50 万人受影响情景导学As a matter of fact, your opinion will not affect my dec

15、ision.事实上，你的意见不会影响我 的决定。Around 540 million people are affected by second-hand smoke, which causes 100,000 deaths per year.大约5.4亿人受二手烟的影响，这每年造成10万人死亡。归纳拓展be affected by.受.影响;被.打动effective adj.有效的;有影响的effect n.影响;结果;效果affection n.喜爱;慈爱;感情单句语法填空2-1 These actions have greatly (affect) the ecological bal

16、ance.2-2 Touched by their enthusiastic expression of (affect), Mabry thanked them all.2-3 They are extremely important in the safe and (effect) running of our programmes.2-4 I (affect)deeply by her inspiring speech at the opening ceremony last night.J3. ruin n.& vt.破坏;毁坏In less than one minute.a

17、 large city lay in ruins.(教材 P50)不到一分钟,一座大城市 就成了一片废墟。情景导学The bad weather ruined our trip.恶劣的天气破坏了我们的旅行。They let that palace fall into ruin.他们任凭那座宫殿衰败下去。归纳拓展in ruins严重受损;破败不堪fall into ruin衰落;败落易混辨析damage多指带来轻度损坏，所带来的损坏一般是可修复的ruin多指自然因素对建筑物、动植物、城镇等带来严重破坏，破坏的后果往往是事物丧 失价值;也可用于指使假期、希望、梦想、前程等美好的事物尽毁或严重危害健

18、康 等destroy指彻底毁坏某事物，使事物丧失功能或不复存在;也可用于指使希望、计划等落空单句语法填空3-1 When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in (ruin).3-2 Many village communities feel their countryside is being (ruin) by the power-producing machines of wind farms.选词填空(damage, destroy, ruin)3-3 Irresponsible

19、use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in to personal property.3-4 When the war was near, Alia was worried that the fires of war would the books.3-5 Dont let negativity your motivation.4. suffer vt.遭受;蒙受vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦What kind of help do y

20、ou think people who have suffered an earthquake need?（教材P51）你认为遭受了地震的人们需要什么样的帮助？情景导学The company suffered a great loss as a result of the accident.由于那次事故，该公司遭受了 重大损失。He has been suffering from back problems for a long time.他患有背部疾病已经很长时间 了。归纳拓展 suffer a great loss/pains/hardship 遭受损失/痛苦/困难suffer from

21、患病;遭受痛苦suffering n.疼痛;苦难，痛苦sufferer n.受苦者;受难考单句语法填空4-1 The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had （suffer） the greatest water shortage.4-2 The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found （suffer） from early Alzheimer's （阿尔兹海默症）.He was losing his memory.单句翻译4-3 We all want to do somethin

22、g to help those sufferers who are suffering a lot out of their sufferings.5. supply n.供应（量）;补给;pL补给品vt.供应;供给The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from aroundthe country.(教材P52)向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。情景导学The company supplied us with the necessary money.公司向我们提供了 必要的资金。 归纳拓展

23、be in short supply 短缺 supply sb. With sth./supply sth. to sb.给某人提供某物 易混辨析supply补给不足的人员或设备provide事先准备好必需品来供应，或表示提供建议或指导，常用搭配 provide sb. with sth./provide sth. for sb.offer强调主动提供的，常用搭配offer sb. sth./offer sth. to sb.选词填空5-1 A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been free rides to college student

24、s for the past eight years.(providing/offering)5-2 The purpose of this passage is to guidance on leading a meaningful life.(supply/provide) 单句语法填空5-3 Water is short supply, pollution is worsening, and there is no affordable housing left for them to buy.5-4 The main purpose of the passage is to suppl

25、y visitors hotel information.6. survive vl生存;存活vt.幸存;艰难度过She's feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.(教材 P52)她正在给这个在地 震中幸存的婴儿喂奶。情景导学Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.有些奇怪的风俗是从较早的时期 流传下来的。She survived her husband by only a few years.她只比她丈夫多活了 几年。 归纳拓展survive sth.幸免于某事;从

26、某事中挺过来/活过来survive from 从存活下来/流传下来 A survive B by .A 比 B 活得长survivor n.幸存者survival n.U幸存;生存C残存物;幸存事物单句语法填空6-1 Baptiste Du banchet is biking across Europe, (survive) entirely on discarded(丢 弃)food.6-2 After all, not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equa

27、l rights (survive).6-3 For a sudden heart failure, the best chance for (survive) is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.7. strike(struck, struck/stricken) vi.& vt.侵袭;突击;击打;撞击;罢工;突然想到;使喜爱;使 受吸引;(钟)敲a罢工;罢课;袭击The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indo

28、nesia's Sumatra Island.(教材P54)印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛的西海岸外于周日上午7 点左右发生了海底地震。 情景导学He fell, striking his head on the table.他摔倒了，头碰在了桌子上。Half the workforce are now (out) on strike.现在有半数职工罢工。归纳拓展on strike在罢工striking adj.引人注目的;显著的;俊秀的 It strikes/hits/occurs to sb. that.某人突然想起10单句语法填空7-1 For Japan, the numbers are

29、 more (strike)22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.7-2 Just before September, Miller (strike) by a car and lost his right arm.7-3 (strike) by the beauty of the West Lake,he decided to stay there.单句翻译7-4我突然想到我应该去拜访我的老师。8. deliver vt& vL递送;传达vt.发表(演说等);生孩子;接生However,dangerous conditions and damaged

30、 roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.(教材P54)然而，危险的环境和损坏的道路将使运送食物和补给品变 得困难。 情景导学It was very considerate of you to deliver milk to our door every morning, 你真是太体贴了, 每天早上把牛奶送到我们家门口。Hans was asked to deliver a speech on the graduation at Harvard University.汉斯被邀i青在 哈佛大学的毕业典礼上发表演讲。归纳拓

31、展deliver sth. to sb./sth.投递/运送某物给某人/至某处 deliver a speecli/lecture 发表演讲delivery n.传递;递送;交付;分娩单句语法填空8-1 Once his message (deliver), he allowed me to stay and watch.8-2 Few want to live without search engines or a quick (deliver).8-3 The speaker, known for her wonderful speeches, (deliver) a lecture in

32、 our school next week.8-4 To help students deal with learning problems, we will hold a Ilecture (deliver) by a professor from London.结构情景破Las if仿佛，好像It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!(教材 P50)仿佛到了世界末日！情景导学He looks as if he is going to cry.他看上去好像快要哭了。He talks to them as if they were chil

33、dren.他同他们说话就像他们是孩子一样。归纳拓展as if从句用陈述语气:从句表示的情况是 oas if从句用虚拟语气的三种情况：表示与现在的事实相反的情况时，从句用 ；表示与过去的事实相反的情况时，从句用 ；表示与将来的事实相反的情况时，从句用过去将来时。单句语法填空1-1 The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she (be) their own mother.1-2 Look at the clouds in the sky!It looks as if it (be) going to

34、 rain. Let's hurry up.1-3 Jack wasn't saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if he (do) something very clever.2. find oneself.发现自己处于某种状态If you find yourself in danger from a forest fire, first of all,stay calm.(教材 P53)如 果你发现自己处于森林火灾的危险中，首先要保持冷静。情景导学When he woke up, he found himsel

35、f lying on the ground.当他醒来时，他发现自己躺在地 上。We all found him a very sensible man.我们都发现他是一个很明智的人。When he came to himself, he found himself surrounded by a group of boys.当他回过神，他 发现自己被一群男孩包围着。归纳拓展find后接宾语和宾语补足语时，宾语补足语可以是 、形 容词、副词、介词短语或名词。单句语法填空2-1 I often found myself (tell) my mom to drive more slowly, so

36、that I could read all of the road signs we passed.2-2 You won't find paper cutting (difficulty) as long as you keep practicing it. 完成句子2-3你会发现这次活动对更好地了解中国灿烂的传统文化是有意义的。Youll in better understanding Chinese splendid traditional culture.语法精讲破定语从句(关系代词引导)定语从句在主从复合句中修饰名词、代词或整个句子,充当，其位置在其 所修饰的词之后。定语从句

37、所修饰的词叫 O引导定语从句的词叫 ，包括 和 。关系词指代前面的 © ，并在从句中充当一定的成分。关系代词在从句中通常作 、 宾语、表语或定语，关系代词在从句中作宾语且引导的是限制性定语从句时通常可以 o 常见的关系代词有:that、which、who、whom、whose 和 as。关系代词先行词在从句中所作成分能否省略that人/物主语、宾语、表语作宾语时可以省略which物/事主语、宾语、表语作宾语时常可以省略，但作介词的宾语且介词提到其 前面时,which不能省略who人主语、宾语作宾语时可省略，作主语时不能省略whom人宾语作宾语时常可以省略，但作介词的宾语且介词提到其

38、前面时,whom不能省略whose人/物定语不能省略as人/物/事主语、宾语、表语不能省略一、宜用that不宜用which的情况1.先行词既有人乂有物时,用that。2.先行词为 everything> something、nothing、anything 等 或被 few、little、much、the only、the very、 、 every、any 等修饰时，常用关系代 词that来引导定语从句。如：You should hand in all that you have.你应该把你有的全部东西都交上来。3 .先行词前有 、 修饰时，用关系代词that引导 定语从句。如：Thi

39、s is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我读过的最有趣的故事。The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.我们应该做的第一件事是制订一 个计划。4 .当主句是以小 开头的特殊疑问句时，用that。如：Which is the bike that you lost?哪一辆是你丢的自行车？二、关系代词as引导的定语从句当先行词前面有the same/sucli/so/as时，常用as引导定语从句,as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。I如：Wendy is not

40、 such a fool as you think.温迪不像你认为的那样傻。三、宜用who而不宜用that的情况先行词是指人的时。如:Those who were not fit for the work got fired.那些不能胜任这项工作的人被解雇 了。四、关系代词的省略关系代词在从句中作时，通常可以省略。如:The man (whom/who) you saw just now is our manager.你刚才见到的那个人是我们 的经理。五、定语从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作时,从句的谓语动词在人称和数方面应 与前面的保持一致。如：Tommy is the only on

41、e of the pupils that has failed the exam.汤米是那些学生中唯一 考试不及格的人。单句语法填空1. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark.2. No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women kids go to my son s nursery and who recognized my face.3. What you need is a great teacher lets you make mistake