初三总复习之句子种类学生版

1、真诚为您提供优质参考资料，若有不当之处，请指正。20112014届 初三总复习 之 句子的种类一、句子的类型（一） 句子按结构分可分为简单句、并列句和复合句简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。例如：He likes swimming and often swims in the river.He and his friends all like Justin Biber. 并列句：由并列连词(and, but, while, or)把两个或两个以上简单句连在一起。例如：I learn English while he learns French.复合句：含有一个

2、或一个以上的从句。例如：It was raining hard when I got home yesterday.（二）句子按功能分可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句1. 陈述句： 用来说明一件事实或表达一种看法 分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 （1）肯定句 （中考考察重点是各种的时态） （2）否定句 使用not否定： 各种时态的否定She do the cleaning every day. 她不是每天都做卫生。(一般现在时) I had my breakfast yet. 我还没有吃早点。(现在完成时) You do your homework seriously. 你没有认真地做你的作

3、业。(一般过去时) You take her to your parents. 你千万别把她带到你的父母那里去(情态动词) 不使用not 的否定a、 用no否定：no+名词=not any，表示“一点也不”。 I have no money.(=I dont have any money.) 我一点儿钱都没有。 b、用never表示否定，语气比not要强烈。 She has never been there. 她从来没有去过那里。 c、few和little含义为“几乎没有”。 Jack has friends here. 杰克在这儿几乎没有朋友 There's water in the

4、 thermos. 暖瓶里几乎没有水了。 d、no one=nobody 无人 No one knows you here. (=Nobody knows you here.) 在这里没有人认识你。 e、 nothing=not any thing 什么都没有 I have today. 今天我没有要洗的东西。 f、none of没有任何人；没有任何物(事) It's none of your business. 这儿没有你的事。(这与你无关。) None of us / seen the film. 我们谁也没看过这个电影。 g、含有否定性的副词hardly(几乎不)、seldom(

5、很少)的句子。 I can remember your name. 我几乎想不起你的名字来了。 h、“too.to”(太以致不)句型本身具有否定的含义。 2. 疑问句： （1）一般疑问句：要用yes或no来回答的疑问句。其语序要用倒装结构。如：- your homework? 你做完作业了吗? - 还没有。- bring you a cup of coffee? 我给你拿杯咖啡好吗? - 好吧。- wait here for me for a moment?你能在这里等我吗? - .当然- set off tomorrow? 我们必须明天出发吗?- 不，不必。- be able to give

6、 me an answer today? 你今天能答复我吗?- . 很难说。-Is the boy's answer correct? 这男孩的回答是正确的吗? - . 对不起，我不知道。（2）特殊疑问句以疑问代词（who, whom, whose, what, which等）或疑问副词（when, where, why, how等）开头的疑问句就叫特殊疑问句。其句式结构分正常语序和倒装语序两种形式。如：询问内容例    句回   答职业，身份 is your father? He is a doctor. 姓名或关系Who is th

7、at boy? He is Jack.He is my brother 相貌特征 ? ? She is out-going.She is beautiful. 目的 did they come here ? To attend a meeting. 原因 did they come here? Because they have a meeting to attend. 天气 is the weather today? is the weather like today? Its fine. 颜色What dolor is her skirt? Its red. 服装尺寸 does he we

8、ar? He wars 40. 几点钟What time is it? Its 7:30. 星期几 is today? Its Tuesday. 几号，日期 today? Its May 2nd. 年龄（多大）How old is he? He is 38. 多久 have you been here? For five months. 长度（多长）How long is the bridge? Its 500 metres. 距离（多远） is it from here to the zoo? Its 6 kilometres. 频度（多经常）How often do you come ba

9、ck? Once a week. 多久以后 will she arrive? In an week. 数量（多少） jackets do you have? coffee do you want? Three.Two cups. 价格How much is it?How much does it cost? Five dollars. 高度（多高） is she? is the tower? Shes 1.73 metres.Its 450 metres. （3）选择疑问句（主要是任务阅读中考察）在句中提供的两个或多个答案中选择一个作回答的疑问句，就叫做选择疑问句。这种疑问句的句式结构有两种情

10、况：即一般疑问句或特殊疑问句再加上供选择的两个或多个部分。要按实际情况来回答。如：Do you enjoy playing football or volleyball? I enjoy playing volleyball.Which floor do you live , on the 15th floor or on the 21st floor? On the 21st floor.（4）反意疑问句其句式结构由两部分组成，即陈述部分再加一个简略问句。如果陈述部分是肯定句，简略问句就用否定形式；反之，简略问句用肯定形式。但不管用哪种形式，前后两部分中的人称、数、时态等都要保持一致，并且陈

11、述部分中的主语不论是用什么词充当，简略问句中的主语一定是一个代词。对反意疑问句的回答，要按事实回答，如：You spoke at the meeting yesterday, didnt you?Yes, I did. 或No, I didnt . 特殊类型的反意疑问句。 祈使句的反意疑问句： Have a cup of coffee, ?喝杯咖啡，怎么样?Do me a favour, ?请帮我个忙，好吗?Let's go swimming, ? 咱们去游泳，好吗?Let's go and see what's happening, ?让我们过去看看发生了什么事，好吗

12、?Let her sing us a song, ?让她给我们唱一首歌，(您说)行吗? 注意：有一类动词，如hate，dislike，disagree等，虽然含有讨厌 、不喜欢、不同意等否定的意思，但仍要按照肯定句来处理。例如： You dislike biology, don't you? 你不喜欢生物，是吗? . 是的，我不喜欢。 不，我喜欢。 当前面陈述部分含有表示否定意思的词，如never，hardly，seldom，few，little，nobody，no one，nothing，neither等，后面的疑问部分要用肯定式。 He never helps others, ?

13、他从不帮助别人，是吗? 不，他帮助别人。 是的， 他不帮。No one can do this job, ? . .没人能干这活儿，是吗? 不，有人会干。是的，没人会干。Few students come to his class, ? .很少的学生去听他的课，是吗? 不，有很多人去。 是的，没人去。 陈述部分为主从复合句时，疑问部分的谓语应该与主句谓语一致。 You don't mind if I smoke here, ? . / .你不介意我在这儿抽根烟，是吗? 不，我介意。 /是的，我 不介意。You never tell me you are a policeman, do

14、you? . / . 你从未跟我说过你是警察，是吧? 不，我说过。 / 是的，没 说过。注意：如果陈述部分是“I/We don't think (believe.)+宾语从句”时，疑问部分之中的动词和主语应与宾语从句中的动词和主语保持一致，并用肯定形式。 I don't think you are successful, ? 我认为你并没有成功，不是吗? 3. 祈使句表示请求、命令、禁止、劝告或建议的句子叫祈使句。祈使句的主语往往省略。其常见的句式结构可归纳为四种基本形式：（1）肯定祈使句。如：Stop talking! Come here on time!（2）否定祈使句，即

15、以Dont或Never开头的句子。如：Dont talk in class. Never leave todays work for tomorrow.（3）以Lets（表建议） 或let（表示允许） 开头的句子。如：Lets go together. Let him go first.（4）以助动词do开头的祈使句，在句中起加强语气的作用，译成“一定，务必”。如： （=Be sure to come to ）if you have time. 假如你有时间的话一定要来看我4. 感叹句含有表示情绪色彩的句子叫感叹句。感叹句的结构通常有2种形式：（1）What引导的感叹句:What+ a/an+

16、 adj.+ n.+主谓结构！(有时主谓结构可省略)。如：What a hot day （it is）! 天气真热！ the teacher gave us! 老师给我们提了多好的建议！ （they are）! 多高的楼啊！（2）How引导的感叹句: How + adj./adv. +主谓结构！如： the book is! 这本书真好看！ they are working! 他们多么努力啊！二、典型例题分析例1、There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, _? A. wasnt

17、 there B. was there C. didnt itD. did it【解析】 例2、Don't be discouraged._things as they are and you will enjoy the days of your life. A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Take【解析】 例3、Mrs Black doesn't believe her son is able to design a digital camera, _?A. is he B. isn't he C. doesn't she D

18、. does she【解析】 例4、_role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting【解析】 例5、Brian told you that there wasn't anyone in the room at that time, _?A. was there B. wasn't there C. didn't he D. did h

19、e【解析】 例6、English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it?Yes. _ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known【解析】 例7、I thought Jim would say some thing about his school report, but he _ it.A. doesnt mention B. hadnt mentioned C. didnt

20、mention D. hasnt mentioned【解析】 例8、Thanks for the lovely party and the delicious food. _.A. No thanks B. Never mind C. All right D. My pleasure【解析】 例9、Let's go swimming, shall we? _.A. It's my pleasure B. It doesn't matterC. Yes, let's go D.I agree with you【解析】 例10、I enjoyed the food

21、very much.I'm glad you like it. Please drop in any time you like._A. Is it all right? B. I'm afraid I won't be free.C. Yes, I will. D. That's great.【解析】 三、巩固练习1. I dont suppose anyone will volunteer,? A. do I B. dont I C. will they D. wont they 2. help if you can, and our country wil

22、l improve more quickly and better. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give 3. Lucy, you wash the dishes, ? Mom, cant Lily do it? Its her turn to do it. A. dont you B. can you C. shall you D. will you4. I will not take an umbrella with me today. it rains later on in the day? A. How B. What C. How about

23、 D. What if 5. You ought to stay up late tonight, you? Yes. Ive got too much homework. A. cant B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. wont6. Nothing can stop us from serving the people heart and soul,?A. can it B. cant it C. can they D. cant they7. There used to be a church in the small town,?A. used there B. use

24、dnt there C. used it D. usednt it8. She isnt your neighbour, is she? . A. Yes, she isnt B. No, she is C. Yes, she is D. No, isnt she9. to be a PLA soldier when I was young. And now you are. A. How I wanted B. How did I want C. What I wanted D. What did I want10. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese

25、vase,was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of that 11. After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different fromshe used to be. A. that B. whom C. what D. who12. is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. T

26、hat D. What 13. Hes got himself into a dangerous situationhe is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why14. Information has been put forwardmore middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 15. What the doctors really doub

27、t ismy mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. what 16. The students of the music school study . A. music but also some other subjects B. some other subjects as well as musicC. music as well as some other subjects D. some other subjects and music17. air is to

28、man, so is water to fish. A. Since B. Just C. Like D. As 18. There is plenty of rain in the south there is little in the north. A. while B. as C. when D. so 19. several times about it, but he could not give the correct answer. A. Being asked B. Having been asked C. He would ask D. He had been asked

29、20. I dont like chicken fish. I dont like chicken,I like fish very much. A. and； and B. and； but C. or； but D. or； and21. the days went on, the situation there got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As 22. everybody is here, lets set out right away. A. Now that B. Because C. For D. After 23. The sc

30、ience of medicine,progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences. A. to which B. in which C. which D. with which24. We must do the experiment carefully Miss Liu told us. A. what B. since C. as D. while 25. Tony will never forget these days she lived in China w

31、ith her mother,has a great effect on her life. A. that；which B. when；which C. which；that D. when；that 26. I know, they will go to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games in 2008. A. Since B. So far as C. In case D. As if 27. Who do you think the doctor will havefirst, John or Kate?A. examine B. to examin

32、e C. examining D. examined28. What are you anxious about? . A. Whether we can succeed B. If we succeedC. Do we succeed D. That we can succeed29. You should put the dictionary you can find it easily. A. where B. the place C. the place on which D. what30. She said to me, “Ill tell you the result of th

33、e testI know it. ”A. because B. the moment C. after D. though31. Grandpa used to tell us something about the “Cultural Revolution” he had time to spare. A. as soon as B. as C. so that D. whenever32. Li Fang is very busy,shes always helping others with their lessons. A. but B. although C. so D. for 3

34、3. Getting a right job can be difficult the studentsprepared to deal with the job interview. A. if；wont B. unless；will C. unless；are D. if；are 34. Everything depends onthey will support you about it. A. if B. which C. whether D. that 35. She won the first prize in the speech contest and surprised us

35、. A. which B. it C. as D. who 36. The Oscar is one of the film prizes offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far. A. which is not B. that have not been C. that has not D. that has not been37. He made another wonderful discovery, of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is 38. Its really very dangerous. One more step,the baby will fall into the well. A. or B. so C. but D. and 39. She is American, she knows little about American history. A. s