英语被动语态

1、2021/8/52021/8/52l英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。l主动语态： 人民创造历史。l The people make history.l被动语态： 历史是人民创造的。l History is made by the people.2021/8/53l1 1、构成、构成l（1）肯定式： be + 过去分词l在使用中，被动语态还有“人称、数、情态动词搭配、时态”等问题，这些都在be动词上作形式上的变化。2021/8/54l规则动词的过去分词规则动词的过去分词l（1 1）一般情况下，在动词原形后加）一般情况下，在动词

2、原形后加eded。l（2 2）以不发音的）以不发音的e e结尾的加结尾的加d d。l（3 3）以辅音加）以辅音加y y结尾的，把结尾的，把y y变变i i加加ededl（4 4）以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字）以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母，再加母时，先双写辅音字母，再加ededlwatch-watched practice-practicedwatch-watched practice-practicedlstudy-studied stop-stoppedstudy-studied stop-stopped2021/8/55l不规则动词的过去分词不规则动

3、词的过去分词lam / is /are -beenam / is /are -beenlhave / has -hadhave / has -hadldo -donedo -donelgo -gonego -gonelwrite -writtenwrite -written2021/8/562021/8/57l（2）疑问式：be + n. +过去分词l Is rice grown here?l 这儿种水稻吗？l（3）否定式：n.+be+not+过去分词l Rice is not grown here.l 这儿不种水稻。l（4）带有情态动词的被动语态：l 情态动词+be+过去分词l The wo

4、rk must be done at once.l 这工作必须马上做。2021/8/58l（5）带有不定式的被动语态：l to be +过去分词l Little Tom would love to be taken to the theater this evening.l 小汤姆愿意今天晚上被带到剧院。2021/8/59l2 2、用法、用法l（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁l Her watch was stolen last night.l 她的手表昨晚被偷了。l Thousands of trees are planted every year.l 每年都种成千上万的树。l（2

5、）突出或强调动作的承受者l Wang Hong may be chosen monitor of our class.l 王红可能被选为我们班的班长。2021/8/510l3 3、主动语态变为被动语态要注意的几个问题、主动语态变为被动语态要注意的几个问题l （1）时态应保持不变lThey will spend almost 100 million yuan on the project.lAlmost 100 million yuan will be spent on the project.l 这项工程要花近一亿元。2021/8/511l（2）及物动词一般均可构成被动语态，不及物动词不能构成

6、被动语态，但某些不及物动词加介词或副词构成固定短语时，若有宾语，可用被动语态。lThey are singing happily.l 他们在高兴地唱歌。lThey listened to the teacher carefully.l他们仔细地听老师讲。（listen为不及物动词，但这儿加了介词to,可带宾语，因此可改为被动语态）lThe teacher was listened to carefully.l人们仔细地听老师讲。2021/8/512l（3）含有复合宾语的主动句，使用其被动句式时，只需把宾语变为主语，补足语部分留在原位不动。lOur troop made the enemy gi

7、ve up fighting.l我们的部队迫使敌人停止战斗。lThe enemy was made to give up fighting.l敌人被迫停止战斗。 2021/8/513l（4）有些短语动词，由“动词+介（副）词”或由“动词+名词+介词”构成（如：set up, carry out, send for, take care of等），可以有被动语态。注意短语动词是一个整体。lThey sent for the doctor immediately.l他们立刻去请医生。lThe doctor was sent for immediately.l立刻就派人去请医生了。lWe shoul

8、d carry out the plan.l我们应该执行计划。lThe plan should be carried out.l计划应该执行。2021/8/514l1、某些由及物动词转化来的不及物动词，如read, write, clean, wash, iron, burn, draw, cook, keep, cut, open, blow, peel, sell, act等，常和副词well, easily, smoothly等连用，用主动结构表示被动含义。lThis pen writes smoothly.l这笔写起来很流畅。lIn hot weather meat wont keep

9、 long.l热天，肉不能长时间存放。lThe door cant open.l这门打不开。lThe cloth washes well.l这种布料好洗。2021/8/515l有些动词，如cook, print, do等，常用主动结构的进行时表示被动含义。lThe cakes are baking.l蛋糕正在烤。lThe lunch is cooking.l午饭正在烧。lThe book is printing.l这本书在排印中。lFish is selling briskly.l鱼很畅销。2021/8/516l2、动词need, require, want, deserve, be wort

10、h+V.ing的主动结构表示被动含义。lWho said the boy deserves punishing?l谁说这男孩该受到惩罚？l3、某些系动词，如feel, prove, smell, taste,sound等，加上形容词，也可用主动语态表示被动意义。lYour suggestion proved quite effective.l你的建议已证明是很有效的。l4、有些以后缀-able或-ible结尾的形容词，如：acceptable, avilable, drinkable, eatable, reliable, visible, punishable, feasible等，也可表示

11、被动意义。lYour advice is not acceptable.l你的建议是不可取的。2021/8/517l5、某些介词短语，如under discussion, under consideration, on display, on sale, under arrest, on trial, in dispute等，也可用主动结构表示被动含义。lSome fresh vegetables have been on sale.l一些新鲜的蔬菜已经上市出售。2021/8/518l1、被动语态中的过去分词是动词，表动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，表状态。lThese books a

12、re sold quickly.l这些书售得快。（被动结构）lThese books are all sold out.l这些书全卖完了。（系表结构）2021/8/519l2、被动结构可以跟by短语，而系表结构则一般不用by短语。lThe old lady was very excited at hearing the news.l听到这个消息，老妇人很兴奋。lWhen the dam was finished, many of the temples would be covered by the waters of the new lake.l在水坝建成之后，其中有许多寺庙将会被湖水淹没。

13、（被动结构）2021/8/520l3、系表结构中的过去分词可被very等副词修饰；被动结构中的过去分词可用much修饰。lThe husband was very agitated about his wifes health.l丈夫对妻子的健康状况深感不安。lThe driver was much agitated by the young mans death in the car accident.l在这次车祸中，那个年轻人的死，使司机深感不安。（被动结构）2021/8/521l4、系表结构中的过去分词常常有其固定的介词搭配，被动结构则没有lEach stone was marked w

14、ith a number.l每块石头上都标有号码。lI was surprised at his coming.l我感到奇怪，他竟然来了。lMany people are interested in American country music.l许多人都对美国乡村音乐感兴趣。2021/8/522l1、Many accidents_by careless drivers last year.lA. are caused B. were causedlC. have caused D. will cause B B2021/8/523l2、Today a lot of information c

15、an_online.lA. receive B. be receivedlC. is received D. receivingB B2021/8/524l3、In many places in China, the old over 90_not only by their family but also by the government.lA. is taking good carelB. are taken good care oflC. is taking good care oflD. are taken good careB B2021/8/525l4、These books s

16、hould _to the library on time.lA. send B. be returnedlC. give back D. be got backB B2021/8/526l5、An official _by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday.lA. is interviewinglB. is interviewedlC. was interviewinglD. was interviewedD D2021/8/527l6、A Disneyland Park(迪斯尼乐园)_in Shanghai Pudo

17、ng New Area in the near future.lA. builds B. has builtlC. will build D. will be builtD D2021/8/528l7、Another new railway station_in Changsha in 2011.lA. was built lB. buildlC. will be builtC2021/8/529l8、-Which sport are you in at the school sports meeting?l-No decision yet. I think it_after discussi

18、ng with my PE teacher.lA. will be decidedlB. will decidelC. was decidedlD. is decidedA2021/8/530l9、Another two months will be needed before the new bridge_.lA. completeslB. is completedlC. has completedlD. will be completedB2021/8/531l10、-Can you sing this English song?l-Of course. I can. It_many times on the radio.lA. taughtlB. has taughtlC. is taughtlD. has been taughtD2021/8/532l11.-Are you going to the party?l-No, because I_.lA. have askedlB. havent askedlC. have been askedlD. havent been askedD2021/8/5