大学英语第一册第四单元14

1、1Tony Trivisonnos American Dream2 American Dream3Group DiscussionAmerican dream4American Dream 5I Have a Dream6 I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.7 I have a dream th

2、at one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.8 I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but

3、 by the content of their character. 9 And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the10 Schwarzeneggers American Dream1112Key to Success13Warming-up Exercises14Tony fulfilled his American dream step by step1. Started to work

4、 as a help at Mr. Crawfords house 2. Got a job clearing snow at Mr. Crawfords factory 3. Tony asked to be trained as an apprentice, and later learned to be a skilled worker 4. Bought a house with the help of Crawford 5. Bought a farm and sent for his family6. Died, leaving his family a prosperous fa

5、rm and his children educated 15Immigrants Apart from Native Americans, i.e. Indians, all Americans have ancestors who were immigrants. The first immigrantsto America came from Western Europe in the 17th Century. Some immigrants come to the U.S. in search of a place to practice their religion freely,

6、 while others seek political or economic protection. Still others arrive in hopes of buildinga better life for themselves and their families. For them, the American dream also includes freedom and equal rights.Mayflower (1620)16First ImmigrantsJamestown, Virginia (1607)Arrival of the First Pilgrims

7、(1620)Jewish ImmigrantsLatin American Immigrants17drivewaythe hard area or road between your house and the streetoThe broad driveway sweeps around the lake. 这条宽阔的汽车道环湖伸展。oHe shut off the engine and the car coasted into the driveway. 他关闭了发动机,汽车滑行进入车道。18 comprehendv. to understand something that is co

8、mplicated or difficult 理解、领会、明白理解、领会、明白oThe dream is easy to describe, difficult to prehend what/how/why/that etcoIt may be hard to comprehend how much this gift means for my country.synonyms: understand/get/grasp19 affordv. 1. usually negative to have enough money to pay for something 付得起付得起 今年我们没钱

9、去旅游了。今年我们没钱去旅游了。 to have enough time to do something 来得及来得及 我们不能再等了，否则就赶不上飞机了。我们不能再等了，否则就赶不上飞机了。 We cant afford to go on vacation this year.We cant afford to wait any longer or well miss the plane.20 turn awayto refuse to let someone enter a place or join an organizationThousands of applicants are t

10、urned away each year.The lecture hall was already full and many of the students were turned away.21 turn down调低调低e.g. Can you turn the TV down? Im trying to work. to refuse an offer, request, or invitation 拒绝拒绝e.g. Im not going to turn down an invitation to go to New York! 22 assumev. to think that

11、something is true, although you do not have definite proof (synonym presume) 假定、设想假定、设想 1) You shouldnt just assume things without getting all the facts. 2) It seems reasonable to assume that the book was written around 70 AD. 3) I think we can safely assume (=it is almost certain) that interest rat

12、es will go up again soon.23compliment n./v. a remark that shows you admire someone or sth 称赞称赞, 恭维恭维 oTo Joe the greatest compliment was to be considered amusing.oThe groom was so nervous he forgot to compliment the bridesmaids. oHe complimented her on her new dress without even looking at it.24fish

13、 for complimentsto try to make someone say something nice about youoI am not a very good cook. -Nonsense, you are merely fishing for compliments.o我不是个好厨子。少来, 你只不过是为了让别人夸夸你。25take sth as a complimentto be pleased about what someone says about you, even though they may not mean to be niceoThey all see

14、m to think that I ask rather tricky questions, which Ill take as a compliment.26with the compliments of sbformal used by a person or company when they send or give something to you oPlease accept these tickets with our compliments.oYou flatter me!27 work out 制定制定 制定计划要从调查研究入手。制定计划要从调查研究入手。 to calcul

15、ate an answer, amount, price etc 计算计算 我母亲允许我去旅行，不过她让我把旅行费用先算出来。我母亲允许我去旅行，不过她让我把旅行费用先算出来。To work out a plan, one has to start with investigation.My mother allowed me to take the trip, but asked me to work out the total cost first.28work out to think about sth and manage to understand it 弄懂弄懂 情节挺复杂的，得

16、花点儿时间才能看懂。情节挺复杂的，得花点儿时间才能看懂。 解决解决 他解不出那个方程式他解不出那个方程式 to do exercises 锻炼锻炼The plot is very complicated - itll take you a while to work it out.He couldn t work out the equation.I work out regulary to keep fit.29 （used in question with what）deal with tolerate (often with could, can) desiredo with30 the

17、 department in a large organization that deals with employees. all the persons working in an organization, in the army, etc. personnel31 capacityn. the amount of space a container, room etc. has to hold things or people 容量容量 The fuel tank has a capacity of 40 litres. The room had a seating capacity

18、of about 80. All the hotels were filled to capacity. 32 (often followed by for or to)能力、才能能力、才能capacity for He has an enormous capacity for hard work.capacity to do something Children have a remarkable capacity to learn language. I dont think its within a five-year-old boys capacity to spread comput

19、er viruses.capacious adj. (formal) able to contain a lot 宽敞的宽敞的 a capacious suitcasecapable adj. 有能力的有能力的 capable of doing something The company isnt capable of handling an order that large.33 instrumentn. a small tool used in work such as science or medicine （医疗、科学、音乐等）器械、工具、器具（医疗、科学、音乐等）器械、工具、器具 s

20、urgical instruments/musical instrument wind/stringed/percussion instrumentstool/equipmentutensilhousehold apliance facility The computerized phone has a callback facility. 计算机化的电话有回叫装置。计算机化的电话有回叫装置。 sports facilities：running tracks, swimming pools implement agricultural implementsinfrastructuredevic

21、egizmo34something or someone that is used to get a particular result 手段手段instrument of Interest rates are an important instrument of economic policy.instrument for (doing) something Good management should be an instrument for innovation.negotiable instrument=document35for saleintended to be sold (us

22、u. by or on behalf of the owners)待售待售,供销售供销售 All the pictures in this exhibition are for sale. The sign on that house says “For Sale”; shall we find out the price?C.f. on sale Tomato juice that is usually sold at twenty cents a can is now on sale for ten cents only.36wreckoThe collision reduced the

23、car to a useless wreck. oTwo wrecks block the entrance to the harbour. oThe stroke left him a helpless wreck. oThe ship was wrecked in a storm. oHis drinking wrecked their marriage. 37Id like to call on my former professor while I am on business in Beijing.call on(upon)on call 随叫随到的；随时待命的随叫随到的；随时待命的

24、The hospital has doctors on call at any hour. 医院昼夜都有医生可以出诊。医院昼夜都有医生可以出诊。38call for: 要求要求The ceasefire resolution calls for the release of all prisoners of war. 停火决议要求释放所有的战争犯。停火决议要求释放所有的战争犯。call in: 召来召来Call in an architecture to oversee the work. 找一个建筑师来监督工作。找一个建筑师来监督工作。39 call off: 取消取消The footbal

25、l match was called off on account of the weather. 40 character1性格性格 He has a cheerful but quiet character.2品德品德 A candidates character and qualifications are more important than past experience.3人物人物 Each group is named after a fictional character like Mickey Mouse.4字母，汉字字母，汉字41lotpiece of land for

26、a particular purpose 地皮地皮,场地场地oa vacant lotoa film lot oa parking lot42mortgageoWere having difficulty keeping up our mortgage payments.oPaying my mortgage was an enormous weight off my mind!o我还了抵押借款, 如释重负!43down payment If you make a down payment on sth., you pay only a percentage of the total cost

27、 when you buy it. You pay the remaining amount later. 首付首付44odds and endsoHes moved most of his stuff; there are just a few odds and ends left.o他把大部分东西都搬走了, 只留下一些零星杂物。oI got a lot of odds and ends to do here.o我这儿还有不少善后事宜要处理。45odds1.可能性可能性; 机会机会:The odds are in your favour because you have more exper

28、ience. 你经验丰富, 成功的机会居多.The odds are (=it is likely) that he will commit the same crime again.46 a victory against overwhelming odds 以弱胜强against all the oddsoAgainst all the odds she achieved her dream of becoming a ballerina. o她冲破重重困难, 实现了当芭蕾舞演员的梦想.2.difference in strength, numbers, etc悬殊悬殊47be at od

29、ds (with sb) (over/on sth) be disagreeing or quarrelling (with sb) (about sth) （与某人）（在某事上）不和（与某人）（在某事上）不和, 争吵争吵Hes always at odds with his father over politics. Theyre constantly at odds with each other. 48 confidencen. 1.自信、信心自信、信心I didnt have any confidence in myself.I have every confidence in you

30、. You can make a great success.lack confidence/be lacking in confidence Shes a good student, but she lacks confidence.gain /lose confidence Opinion polls show that the voters have lost confidence in the administration.49 2.a secret 秘密秘密 take sb into ones confidence: to tell sb secrets and personal i

31、nformation about oneself 向某人吐向某人吐露内心的秘密露内心的秘密be in sbs confidence: to be trusted with sbs secrets He is said to be very much in the Presidents confidence.3.知心话知心话; 私房话私房话The two girls sat in a corner exchanging confidences.50amazeDave amazed his friends by suddenly getting married.It amazed me that

32、you would believe those lies.Amazing MindblowingJawdropping51huntv. chase and kill wild animals for food or for their skin or other parts, or for sportoThis kind of animal is being hunted to the verge of extinction.oWolves usually hunt in packs.search thoroughlyoMany college students start hunting a

33、 job in the fourth year.oThey hunted high and low for the missing pilot.52这对年轻的夫妇遗弃了他们的女儿这对年轻的夫妇遗弃了他们的女儿, 希望能生一个儿子。希望能生一个儿子。The young couple abandoned their daughter hoping that they would give birth to a boy.abandon give up completely or forever53 因为起雾，他们打消了驾车出去的念头。因为起雾，他们打消了驾车出去的念头。 营救人员已经放弃了找寻更多幸

34、存者的一切希望。营救人员已经放弃了找寻更多幸存者的一切希望。Because of the fog they abandoned their idea of driving.Rescuers had abandoned all hope of finding any more survivors.54 propertyn. the thing or things that someone owns 财产财产 The hotel is not responsible for any loss or damage to guests personal property. a building, a

35、piece of land, or both together 房地产房地产 Property prices have shot up recently. (usually plural) a quality or power that a substance, plant etc. has 性质、特性性质、特性 the chemical properties of a substance55shedn. 平房平房, 棚棚a wood-shed 柴房 a coal-shed 煤库 a cattle-shed 牲口棚 an engine-shed 机车库 a bicycle-shed 自行车棚5

36、6v. 使使.流出流出,脱落脱落,散发散发 oshed tears 流泪 oshed bloodoa fire shedding warmth oThe lamp shed soft light on the desk. oShe sheds happiness all around her. 她焕发着喜悦的神采. 57 approachvt./vi. to move towards or nearer to sb or sth. With winter approaching, many animals are storing food.approach a problem/task/mat

37、ter etc. It might be possible to approach the problem in a different way.n. 靠近、接近；方式、方法；要道、道路靠近、接近；方式、方法；要道、道路 1) Our approach frightened the birds. 2) He decided to adopt a different approach and teach the Bible through story-telling. 3) Soldiers were guarding the approaches to the city.58easy/diff

38、icult of approach 平易近人的平易近人的难於接近的难於接近的.oapproachable adj. 可接近的可接近的,可通达的可通达的;可亲近的可亲近的oFew writers even begin to approach Shakespeares greatness. o莎士比亚的伟大, 鲜有作家能望其项背. 59euphemismoA euphemism is a polite word or expression that is used to refer to things which people may find upsetting or embarrassing

39、to talk about.60dieoto be no more/to be goneoto join the silent majorityoto yield up the ghostoto be gathered to your father61pregnantoin the family wayoin an interesting conditionobig,great,heavy with childoexpecting/anticipating62the poorothe disadvantagedothe underprivilegedothe low-income group6

40、3o贫民窟贫民窟slum culturally deprived environmento流落街头流落街头 urban campingo开除解雇开除解雇firing termination of employment/declaring staff redundantothe blind：the visually challengedostupid：a slow learner/under -achieveromad：soft in head/ soft-headed/of unsound mind/ unsound-minded/simple - minded64ofat:plump/sto

41、ut/out-size/over-weight ougly:homely/plain odeaf:hard of listeningoplumber:pipe engineerodustman:sanitary engineer oporter 搬运工搬运工:packing engineer o保姆保姆:dwelling engineero美容师美容师:appearance engineer65see that (see to it that)make sure that 负责做到负责做到,设法做到设法做到,注意做到注意做到oSee (to it) that all the little le

42、aks of the pipe are shut off.oHe saw (to it) that much of his sons spare time was profitably occupied.66homeypleasant and comfortable, like home-y 是一个口语色彩特别浓厚的后缀,带有 “有点的”、“带有味道或色彩的”等意思。 1) The house was all very neat and christmasy. 2) She looks actressy. 3) Until recently, such splashy spectacles w

43、ere reserved for only one man.67 principlen. 原则原则 1) Hell do anything to make money. The man has no principles. 2) In principle, the new software should make the accounting system a lot simpler. 3) Its against my principles to accept gifts from clients. 4) man/woman of principle 讲原则的人讲原则的人 5) The general principle is that education should be available to all children up to the age of 16. 原理原理 basic/fundamental/guiding principle68 balancen. 平衡、均衡平衡、均衡 （