初中英语必背单词、词组和语法总结

1、初中最常用必须会拼写的单词（777词）1 . 衣月勿（37） clothes, skirt, T-shirt, shi rt, shoes, boot, running shoes, Ieather shoes, tie, sIipper, cap, hat, pants （裤子），trousers （长裤），shorts （短裤）,dress, jacket, coat,bIouse, scarf, jeans, overcoat, sportswear （运动装），sneakers （运动鞋）,socks, glove, uniform, suit （一套衣服），plainc I othe

2、s （简 才卜 的衣月艮），un i form, ra i ncoat, sweater, handbag, stocking （长袜）2 .不尔呼 （26） fami Iy, grandparents, grandfather, grandpa, grandmother, grandma, granny, grandson, granddaughter, parents, father, dad, mother, mom, mum, husband, wife, son, daughter, uncIe, aunt, cousin （堂兄弟，堂姐妹；表兄弟，表姐 妹），nephew （侄子，

3、外甥），niece （侄女，甥女）brother, sister.3 .以页色（16） red, white, brown, b I ack, ye I I ow, pink, b I ue, gray/grey, green, orange, purpIe, gold, Iight, dark, co Iored, co IourfuI4 . 职业（68） capta i n, cha i rman, cha i rwoman, f i sherman, postman, actor, doctor, educator, sa iI or, d i rector, hunter, Ieade

4、r, teacher, worker, driver, farmer, cleaner, pIayer, dancer, runner, s i nger, engi neer, i nterpreter, speaker, reporter, exp Iorer, server, gatekeeper, officer, headmaster, soldier, f i refighter, manager, programmer （节 目制作者）,programmer （程 序1殳计员），carver, gardener, painter, waiter, barber （理发师）， ph

5、otographer （摄影师）,p i I ot, police, mode I, nurse, servant, athIete, off i c i a I, boss, art i st, dent i st, journaIi st, scienti st, host, coach, astronaut, cIerk, secretary, voIunteer, musician, cook, pupil, student, principal, president, peasant, ass i stant, customer5 . 公共场所（35） schooI , zoo, p

6、ark, bedroom, I iving room, sitting room, cIassroom, waiting room, lab, schooI, home, I i brary, kitchen, doorbeI I, pIayground, hill, mounta i n, desert, forest, plain, bookshop/bookstore, bu iId i ng, bus stop, rai Iway/train station, cinema, hospitaI, market, museum, office, park, garden, post of

7、fice, shop/store, toilet6 . 动 词 （37） 持 续 性 动 词 I i ve, run, stay, c I ean, p I ay, ho I d, watch, teach, read, study, teach, eat, dr ink, wr ite, dance, sing, smoke 等。瞬间I生动词 begin, arr i ve, borrow, buy, break, c Iose, come, fall, f in ish, go, I eave, lend, marry, reach, receive, open, sell, start,

8、 stop, take off 等7 . 动力勿（40） sheep, bear, ant, wo I f, I amb, horse, worm （蠕虫），cat, chicken, dog, eIephant, lion, monkey, mouse, panda, pig, tiger, butterfIy, cow, duck, fox, goose, snake, came I, fIy, giraffe, hare, rabbit, tortoise, bird, hen, frog, bee, rabbit, dragon, fish, phoenix, turkey, inse

9、ct, whaIe.8 . 科目（14） Chinese, Math, English, Pol itics, Geography, History, Biology, Physics, Chemistry, Science, Art, Computer,. Music.9 . 天气（20） rain, rainy; snow, snowy; wind, windy; sun, sunny; ice, icy; fog, foggy; cIoud, cIoudy; hot; cold; warm; dry; wet, coo I10 .疾病 co Id, cough, headache, ba

10、ckache, toothache, fever, fIu, sore throat, cancer, near-sighted11 .身体部位（31） hair, head, eye, ear, nose, mouth, tooth, neck, throat, face, shou I der, hand, arm, e I bow, I eg, foot, chest, finger, fingernai I, stomach, back, knee, lap, heart, Iung, bIood, bone, skin, toe, thumb, tongue.12 .交通工具（12）

11、bus, train, boat, ship, jeep, motorbike, plane, car, train, truck, bicycle, bike13 .生活用品（27） bag, basket, bed, brush, cha i r, cand I e, c I ock, cup, desk, fi replace, fr idge, glass, handbag, knife, I adder, key, I ight, line, mi r ror, pan, phone, p I ate, pot, tab I e, teapot, bowl, TV14 .情绪情感(9

12、) happy, sad, excited, t i red, bored, unhappy, angry, worr i ed, pI eased15 . 信 息 (22) computer, emai I, network, password,message,on Ii ne,enter, member,news, i nformat ion, article, wr it ing, text, passage, title, topic, idea, view, opinion, suggestion, question, weather report16 .水果 app I e, pe

13、ar, banana, strawberry, tomato, waterme I on, grape, orange17 .学 习用品(11) penci I-box, pen, penci I, eraser/rubber, schooI bag, i nk, notebook, book, knife, dictionary, ruI er18 .体育项目(8) basketbaI I, tennis, surfing, swimming, skating, tab Ie-tenni s, footbaII, ski ing19 . 不定 d弋i可(29) some (something

14、, somebody, someone), any (anything, anybody, anyone), no (nothing, nobody, no one),every (everything, everybody, everyone), all, each, both, much, many, (a) I ittle, (a) few, other (s), another, none, one, either, neither20 . 饮食（45） honey, biscuit, f I our, cheese, pie, cook i e, curry,por r i dge,

15、 coke （可 乐），pizza, pork, ham, butter, potato, tofu, salad, egg, honey, cocoa, sugar, sa It, ch i ps, candy, icecream, sandwich, bread, cake, chicken, fish, hamburger, noodIe, chocoI ate, dump I ing, beef, steak, Roast Duck, breakfast, I unch, supper/dinner, tea, dr ink, wine, water, d iet21 .世纪、年、月、

16、日（25） century, year, month, day, yesterday, the day before yesterday, today, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, morn i ng, afternoon, evening, night, midnight, January, February, March, Apr iI, May, June, Ju Iy, August, October, November, December.22 .星期（7） Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Fr id

17、ay, Saturday, Sunday.23 .四季及时刻（9） Spr i ng, Summer, Fa I I/Autumn, Wi nter, hour, quarter, minute, second,24方位（33） east, south, west, north, northeast, northwest, southwest, southeast, up, down, upon, between, among, under, bes ide, near, above, by, behind, before, r ight, I eft, cIose to, across fr

18、om, next to, i n the middle of, i n the center of, i n the front of, in front of, at the back of, on, at, i n25 .基数词(31) 1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 e i ght 9 nine 10 ten 11 e I even 12 twe I ve 13 th i rteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 ninetee

19、n 20 twenty 30 th i rty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 s i xty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety 100 a hundred 1000 a thousand 1, 000, 000 a mi I I ion 10, 000, 000 ten mi I I ion 100, 000, 000 a hundred million 1, 000, 000, 000 a billion26 .序数词(30) f i rst second th i rd fourth f i fth s i xth seventh eighth ni

20、nth tenth eIeventh tweIfth thi rteenth fourteenth s i xteenth seventeenth e i ghteenth n i neteenth twent i eth twenty-fi rst thi rtieth fort ieth fiftieth sixtieth sevent i eth e i ght i eth n i net i eth hundredth thousandth27 . 蔬 菜 (6) carrot tomato potato onion cabbage eggplant28 .国家，首都(32) Ch i

21、 na, Amer i ca, Austra I i a, Br i ta i n, Canada, England, France, Germany, India, Japan, London, New York, New Zea I and, Par i s, PRC. Russ i a, Sydeny, Tokyo, Toronto, Washington, the United States, the Un i ted Nat ions (联合国， Macao, Mexico, Hong Kong, Egypt, Korea, Italy, Asia, Afr ica29 .民族/语言

22、(18) Chinese, Amer ican, AustraI ian, Canadian,Engli shman,Eng Ii shmen,Engl ish,French,Frenchman, Frenchmen, German, I nd ian, Japanese, Russian, Korean, ItaIian, As i an, Afr ican30 .材料（6） wood, cotton, silk, p I ast i c, meta I, glass,31 .不规则形容词或副词（28） good/we I I 好 better best ; bad/bad I y 坏 的

23、worse worst ;many/much 多（形容 不可数 名词） more most ; I i tt Ie 少 I ess I east ;many 多 （形 容可数名词）more most ;far farther farthest 远（具体）;far further furthest 深 远的（抽象），比如further education高等教育;old老，年纪较 长 oIder/eIder oIdest/eIdest32 .没有比较和最高级的形容词（12） empty , wrong , perfect , unique , extreme , exce I I ent , f

24、avour i te （GB） / favor i te （GA）, true , r ight , correct , extreme Iy33 .最常用的形容词（36） smaII ; big ; hungry; full; little; high; short; tall; Iong; oId （老的，旧的）；new; young; beaut ifu I ; nice; ear Iy; I ate; r i ght ; wrong; busy; free; Iazy; bored; heavy;I ight; blind ;special （特别的）;kind （善良的）;happy

25、; sad; fast; fun （有趣的）；scary （吓人的）；different （不同的）；the same （同样的）;round （圆的）;great （伟 大的），cheap; expensi ve初中英语重要词组1 （see > hear notice > find 、 fee I、I i sten to、 I ook at （感 官动词）+do eg: I I ike watching monkeys jump2 （比较级and比较级）表示越来越怎么样3 a p i ece of cake =easy小菜一碟（容易）4 agree with sb.赘成某人5 a

26、ll kinds of各种各样 a k i nd of 一样6 a I I over the wor I d = the who I e wor I d 整个世界7 a I ong with 同一道，伴随eg : I will go a I ong w i thyou我将和你一起去the students planted trees a Iong with thei r teachers 学 生同老师们一起种树8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎 么样9 as you can see你是知道的10 ask for 求助 向要（直接接想要的东西）11 ask sb for sth 向某人什 么

27、12 ask sb to do sth 询问某 人某事ask sb not todo 叫某人不要做某事13 at the age of 在岁时14 at the beginningof 的起初；的开始15 at the end of + 地点/+时间24 be angry with （at） sb for最后；尽头；末尾16 at this time of year每年的这个时候doingsth 为什么而生某人的25 be as原级as和什么一17 be /feeI confident of sth/that cIause + 从句 感觉/样 eg : She i s as ta I I as

28、 me她和我一样高对什么有信心，自信26 be ashamed to34 be famous for 以著名18 be + doing 表：1现在进 行时2将来时19 be ab I e to （+ v 原）=can （+V原） 能够21 be afra i d to do （of sth 恐惧，害怕22 be a I I owed to do 被允许 做什么23 be angry with sb 生某人 的气27 be away from 远离28 be away from从离开29 be bad for 对什么有害30 be born 出生于31 be busy doing sth 忙于做

29、 什么事 be busy with sth 忙于32 be carefuI 当心；小心33 be d i fferent from 和什么不一样35 be f r i end I y to sb 对某 人友好36 be from = come from 来自37 be ful I of 装满的 befi I led with 充满 eg: the glass is fulI of water the glass is filled with water38 be g I ad+to+do/从句39 be going to + v(原) 将 来时40 be good at (+doing) =

30、do we I Iin在某方面善长，善于41 be good for 对什么有好处42 be happy to do 很高兴 做某事43 be he I pfu I to sb 对某人 有好处44 be i n good heaI th 身 体健康45 be i n troub I e 处于困难 中46 be interested in 对某方 面感兴趣47 be I ate for = come I ate to 迟至eg: Be I ate for c I ass 上课迟到48 be I ike 像 eg :I'm like my mother49 be mad at生某人的气50

31、 be made from 由制成（制成以后看不见原材料）51 be made of 由制成（制成以后还看得见原材料）52 be not sure表不确定 53 be on a visit to 参观54 be popuI ar with sb受某 64 be supposed to do被要人欢迎求干什么55 be quiet 安静65 be sure表确定69 be sure to do sth一定会做56 be short for 表*的缩写 eg:陶 is short for 陶俊杰57 be sick in bed生病在床58 be sorry to do sth be sorry

32、for sbeg : I amsorry for you59 be sorry to hear that60 be sorry to troubIe sb61 be str ict in doing sth 严于做某事62 be strict with sb 对某 人要求严格63 be str ict with sb i n sth 某方面对某人严格66 be sure of doing sth 对做 某事有信心67 be sure of sth 对做某事 有信心68 be sure that sth 对做某 事有信心某事 We are sure to I earnEngl i sh we I

33、 I我们一定能学好英70 be terr if ied of + 名/动doing 害怕71 be terr i f ied to do sth害怕做某事72 be the same as 和什 startwith=beginwith么一样以什么开始什么73 be used to doing sth 习惯 做某事 My father is used to getting up ear ly 我爸爸习惯 早74 be worth doing 值得做什 么75 be (feeI) afraid to do sth 害 怕做某事be afraid of sth害怕 某物be afra i d tha

34、t丛句76 because+句子 because of + 短语78 betweenand两者之间79 borrow sth from sb 向借 I end sth to sb(I end sb sth 借给什么东西80 both = the same(as)二 not different (from) 表相同81 bother 打扰 bother sbto do stheg : I'm sorry to botheryou , but can you te I I me to wayeg : He was late because he hadto the stat i ona h

35、eadache He wasbecause of hi s headache77 begin to do = start to doI ate我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站开82 by the end of事随着跳舞83 caI I sb sth eg : We call 92 dance tohim oId wang85 catch up with sb 赶上某 人86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to +地点 带某人去 某地87 come i n 进88 come over to过来89 come up with 提出 eg:93 decide to

36、do sth 决定做某 事94 do a survey of 做某方面 的调查95 do better in 在方面做得更好96 do wrong 做错97 Don' t forget to do sth 不 要忘了做某事Can you come up with a good idea你能想出一个好办法吗98 Don*t mind +doing /从句名词不要介意90 communicate with sb 和某人 交流91 cons i der + doing 考虑做 什么 eg : Why not cons i der going to Iu zhou 为什么不考 虑去泸州99 e

37、ach +名（单）每一个eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书100 end up +doi ng101 enjoy +doing 喜欢102 escape from 从逃跑103 expect to do sth期待做112 fromto从某某到某某某事eg: From me for her118 get sb in to troubIe 给某人带来麻烦104 fall down 摔下来 fall off从哪摔下来105 fall in Iove with sb /sth 爱上什么106 far from 离某地远107 find +it +a

38、dj +to do 发现 做某事怎么样108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么 怎么样 eg : I find the book i nterest i ng109 finish 完成+doing （名词）110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人111 forget to do没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了113 get /have sth down 做完， 被（别人）做eg: I have my hai r cut我理了发（头发被剪了）Tom got h i s bad tooth pul led out 汤母把他的 坏牙拔掉了（被

39、牙医拔掉了）114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job115 get a Iong we I I with sb = get on we I I with sb 与某人相处 得好116 get a Iong with sb = get on with sb与某人相处117 get ready for = be ready for 为什么而准备120 getfrom从某处得到某128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的135 have to do sth 必须做某事物121 give a talk 做报告122 give sth to sb giv

40、e sb sth 给某人某物123 go f i sh 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳124 go on to do 去做下一件 事 go on doing 继续做这件 事125 go out away from 远离 go out of 从.离开126 go to schooI上学（用于专 业的）go to the school去学校 （不一定是上学）127 good way to 好方法事 hate doing 讨厌做 过的事129 have a party for sb 举 办谁的晚会130 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈131 have been do i ng 现在完成

41、进行时132 have been to （ 地 方）去过某过地方have goneto（地方） 去了某地还没 回来133 have fun +do i ng玩得高兴134 have sth to do有什么事要做136 have trouble (probIem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦137 havetime +doing138 have* (时间)-off 放假 139 hear sb+do/doing 听见某人做某事/ 正在做某事140 help a lot 很大用处141 help sb with sth one' s sth 帮助某人某事(某方面) h

42、elp sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某 事142 hope to do sth 希望做 某事143 How about (+doi ng) = What about (+doi ng)144 how do you I ike = what do you think of你对什么的看法145 if :是否=whethereg: I don't know i f (whether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去 参加晚会He don't know i f (whether) we wi I I arrive on time to

43、morrow morn i ng 他不知道我们明天早 上是否能准时到达146 if :如果，假如(全部接一 般时态)+条件语态从句eg:I'll go to Lu Zhoui f i t doesn' t ra i n 假如明天 不下雨，我就去泸州If they change the p I an they will I et me know 假 如他们要改变计划，他们会让我 知道的I'll go to England , if I have enough money next year 如果 我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英 国147 in one1 s opinion

44、= sb think 某人认为148 in some ways 在某些方 面149 in the end = finally （adv） 最后150 i n the north of , 什么 在什么的北方 （north北 south 南 west 西 east 东）151 i n the sun 在太阳下152 i ncrease 增加eg : They1ve i ncreased the pr ice of petroI by 3%153 i nstead of + （名）代 替eg: I 1 d like an appIe instead of a pear 我想要苹 果，而不要梨子15

45、4 introduce sb to sb 介 绍某人给某人 i ntroduce onese I f 自我介绍155 invite sb to do sth 邀 请某人做某事156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时 间eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me ha If an hour to cook他们把石油价增加了 3%157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎

46、么样159 It's +adj for sb 对于 某人来说怎么样 It's +ad j of sb 对某人来说 太怎么样160 It's +adj (for sb) to do (对 某人来说)做某事怎么样 It's +adj of sb to do sth 对 某人来说做某事太怎么样eg : It's nice of you to he Ip me with my Eng Ii sh161 11' s a good i dea for sb to do sth 对 来说是个好 主意162 It's important to sb 对某

47、 人来说很重要 eg: It's important to me163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到 了该去 做某事的时间eg : It's time to have cI assIt's t ime forc I ass 该去上课了164 join = take part in 参 加165 just now 刚才166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词 短语 让什么保持什么样167 keep out 不让进入168 keep sb adj 让保持 keep hea I thy 保持健康16

48、9 key to +名词 表示：某 物的钥匙或某题的答案170 key toto以是答题或钥匙answer 179 look after = take care ofkey 可照顾照看180 I ose one1 s way 谁迷171 Iaugh at取笑 路方 居住在某地172 I earn by onese I f 自学173 I earn from sb 向某人学 习174 I earn to do sth 学做某 事175 I et sb do sth 让某人做 某事176 Let sb down 让某人失望 eg : We shouldn* t I et our parents d

49、own 我们不应该让我 们的父母失望177 I ive from :离某地远178 I i ve in +大地方/at +小地181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事182 make fr iends with sb 和 谁成为朋友 eg : I want to make frlends with you183 make i t ear I y 把时间定 的早一点184 make on exhibition of onese I f 让某人出洋相185 make sb /n +n 使什么成 为什么 eg : I made her my step motherI m

50、adeyou my wife186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人（某物）怎么样 eg :must made your bed cIean187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事189 make up be made up of（被动语态）由组成190 maked ifference191 mind sb to do mindone' s doing 介意做什么192 most + 名most of +代193 much too + 形容词194 must be 一定195 need +名词196 nee

51、d sb do sth 需要You某人做某事197 need to do （实义动词） need do （情态动词）198 no /neither of hate to do no /neither of hate doing199 no +名词200 not anymore = no more 再也不 eg: He didn'tcry any more201 not（形、副）at all eg: He1s not taI I at a I I she doesn11 jump far at a I I202 notat a I I 一点都不203 noteither 表否定，也 不

52、eg : I don't Japanese either I don11 have sister, either我也没有姐姐204 notunt i I212 one of +可数名词的复数形到才205 offer / provide sb with sth213 one to another 一个到另一个给某人提供206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to214 over and over aga i nsb提供什么东西给某人遍又一遍的eg : He c I eanedeg : I offer you water (I offerthe fIoor over an

53、d over aginwater to you 我给你提供水215 part-timejob 兼职工作207 on one* s way to在谁千a I I-time job全职工作去那的路上216pay for*208 onthe one hand一方面paythe bill开钱，付钱on theother hand另一方217pI ease +do218pI ease he Ip yourseIf209 onthe phone =over thephone用电话交谈219p I eased with sb210 ontime准时in time220poo I i nto = pour i

54、 nto及时221pract i ce +do i ngsomeday一天，有一天211 one day = some day做某事222 prefer sth to sth 相 对更喜欢 eg : I prefer physics to chemistry 在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理prefer sb not to do sth 更 愿意 eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜欢她不来223 pretend to do sth 装着 去做什么 pretend that 从 句eg : The two cheats pretended to be work i ng

55、 very hard 这两个骗子装着努力工 作224 ratherthan 宁可也 不eg : I wouId rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿 肯当医生，也不当老师225 regardas 才巴当作 I regard you as myfriend 我把你当作我的朋友226 remind sb about sth 提 醒某人什么事 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事eg : he reminds me about cooking (he reminds me to cook 他提醒我做饭227 remind sb of sth 使某

56、人想 起什么the words that (wh i ch) the teacher taIk to remind me of my mother228 return sth to sb 还什么 东西给某人229 say to onese I f 对自己 说231 sb spend some money on sth 花了多少钱在某事上232 sb spend some time with sb 花了多少时间陪谁233 sb spend some t i me (i n) doing sth 花了多少时间做某 事234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are235 see