人教版新目标八年级英语上册各单元知识详解

1、人教版新目标八年级英语上册各单元知识详解（1）Detailed SOlUtiOn for Unit 1HOW Often do you exercise? OnCewQnsadv. 一次 twice/twals/adv.两次 internet5Int net/n.互联网 program/5pr JgrAm/ n.节目单，(电脑)程序 hilltop5hIltCpn.山顶 resultrI5zQltn.结果，成果 key/ki： /n.提醒，提示，线索，答案 translate/trAns51eIt/ v.翻译 song/sCN n.歌曲 junk/dVQNk/n.垃圾，破烂物，废弃的旧物 mi

2、lk/mllk/n.牛奶 interviewer5Int vjU： (r)/ n.采访者 habit5hAbItn.习惯，习性 difference/5dlfrnsn. 不同，差异，区别 gradegreld n. 分数，成绩，年级 although/C： 15TJconj.虽然，即使，纵然 UnheaIthy/Qn5helWI/ adj.不健康的，不益健康的 SkatebOarding/5Skelt9C： dIN n.溜滑板运动【重要词组】 how Often多久一次 as for至于，关于 junk food垃圾食品 eating habit饮食习惯 Of COUrSe当然 IOOk af

3、ter照顾，照看 Start With以开始 make a difference使得结果不同，有重要性 go ShOPPing去购物 have a Party聚会 go to the movie 去看电影 OnCe a Week每周一次 hardly ever很少 twice a Week每周两次 three times a Week每周三次 On Weekend 在周末 do homework做作业 a IOt Of很多 try to do 试图（努力）做某事 help Sb （to） do sth.协助某人做某事 the Same as和相同 keep in good health 保持身

4、体健康【重要词句详解】1. Lefs IOOk at the following WOrdS and their USage （让我们看看下面的这些词及其用法）always 一直，总是USUany通常Often经常SOlnetiIneS 有时候hardly ever很少，儿乎没有never从不这些词都是表示频率的副词，但是在水准上有差别。通常用于一般现在时。如:I always have SOme milk for my breakfast.我早餐总是喝牛奶。He USUany gets UP at 6： 30 in the morning他通常早上 6： 30 起床。He Often doe

5、s homework before dinner time.他经常晚餐前做作业。He SOmetimeS goes to movies On Friday evening. 他有时周五晚上去看电影。I hardly /ever eat OUt at noon.我很少中午在外就餐。I never arrive Iate for SChOOL 我从没有到校晚过。SeIdOm/rarelySeldOmJ表示频率，很少，不常，反义词Ofterlrarely,很少地，难得地，少见地He SeIdOm eats breakfast.他很少吃早餐。I rarely eat in restaurants.我很

6、少在饭馆吃饭。2. 英语中表次数的用法OnCe 一次，twice 两次，three times 三次，four times 四次 我们能够看出表示次数的词，除了“一次，两次”特殊外，后面的次数都是“基 数词+times”构成。另外同学们还要记住以下词组：OnCe （twice） a day/ week/ month/ year 每天（周/月/I ） 一（两）次3. alL most, some, no的用法及差异。all “所有的，全体的”Ail StUdentS do homework after SChOOLLaSt night, I COOked all the VegetableS i

7、n the fridgeInoSt “绝大部分的”MOSt StUdentS PIay COmPUter games On WeekendSSOme 些”SOnIe StUdentS go to EngliSh movies every day.no “没有”，注意这里no是形容词。NO StUdentS read EngIiSh novels我们能够看出：all, most, some, no放在名词的前面做定语，表示数量的多少。4. My InOther WantS me to Cirink it.我妈妈想要我喝。Want sb. to do sth.想要某人干某事。e.g.I Want

8、you to help Ine With my math.我想要你帮我学数学。5. She SayS it,s good for health.她说喝牛奶对健康有益。be good for对有好处。e.g.Eating VegetabIeS and fruit is good for OUr healthDOing eye-exercise is good for OUr eyes6. HOW many hours do you SleeP every night?你每天晚上睡几个小时?这是一个特殊疑问句。“ HoWmany+名词”构成了特殊疑问词。注意：HOWmany后跟可数名词的复数形式。

9、e.g.HOW many apples do you have?HOW Inany StlIdentS are there in your class?如果名词是不可数名词，要用'How much +不可数名词”。e.g.HOW much milk do you drink each time?HOW much Water do We need every day?【课文解析3a】but m Pretty healthy I exercise every day, USUany When I COme home from SChOOl And my eating habits are

10、Pretty good I try to eat a IOt Of vegetables, USUany ten to eleven times a Week And I eat fruit every day and I drink milk every day. Of course, I IOVejUnk food, too. but I try to eat it OnIy OnCe a week, oh, and I SleeP nine hours every night SO you see, I IOOk after my health And my healthy IifeSt

11、yIe helps me get good grade GOOd food and exercise help me to StUdy better1. Pretty表示"十分”作副词用，我们以前学过quite和Very也有这种意臥 其中它们的水准由浅入深为quitepretty-*very. e.g.He is quite SeriOUS It SOUndS Pretty good Nina Can Sing EngliSh SOngS Very WelL2 I exercise every day, USUany When I COme home from SChOOl 我每天锻

12、炼身体，通常是放学后。3. eating habits "饮食习惯”。4. try to do Sth意为"尽力去做某事”。Try to get here early He tried to PaSS the exam 5 ten to eleven times a week."每周十到十一次”。注意这种表达。“to”为介词。翻译：(1)两到三次。twice to three times(2)每月四到五次。four to five times a month.6. Of course."当然"。7. SO you see, I IOOk aft

13、er my health."所以你看，我很在意我的健康”。IOOk after意为"照顾、照看”。e.g.Can you IOOk after my baby When I leave?PleaSe IOOk after your OWn bags carefully.Iook还能够和很多词搭配，但意思不一样。(1 ) Iook at U看，认真地看”。e.g.PIeaSe IOOk at the blackboard SOme PeOPle are IOOking at the notice (2 ) IOOk for "寻找"o e.g.OId He

14、nry IOOked for his dogs, but he didn,t find it.m IOOking for my IOSt Pen 8. GOOd food and exercise help me to StUdy better.好的饮食和锻炼协助我学得 更好。help sb. to do sth. better协助某人把某事做得更好。e.g.She helps me to know the information for going abroad better.她帮我更好地了解到出国的信息。help sb. With sth.帮某人做某事。e.g.Stena helps me

15、 With my histoy.【重要句型】1. What do you USUany do On Weekends?你通常周末做什么？2. I USUalIy Play soccer.我通常踢足球。3. What does he do On Weekends?他周末做什么？4. He SOmetimeS WatCheS TV.他有时候看电视。5. HOW Often do you shop?你多长时间购物一次？6. I ShOP OnCe a month.我一个月购物一次。7. HOW Often does he WatCh TV?他多长时间看一次电视？& He WatCheS TV

16、 twice a week.他每周看两次电视。【由IlOVV Often谈起】我们已经学习了 always, usually, often, SometimeS, never等表示时间频度的副 词。这些词通常用来说明在一段时间内做某事的多少或某种状态存有的次数的多 少。例如：We USUally get UP at half PaSt six. 我们通常六点半起床。SOmetimeS he goes to See his grandpa On weekends.周末,他有时候去看望爷爷。但是，在日常生活中，我们不可能总是用陈述句来表达自己的或他人的一些行 动，或者事物所存有的状态。我们还要向对

17、方提出一些问题，请求对方回答。在 这种情况下，我们还要用礙问句。请看下面儿组对话：1 一HOW Often do you Play football?I USUany Play football after SChOOl 2 一HOW Often does Mary go to the concert?She Often goes to it On SatUrday evening3 一HOW Often does my daughter take the medicine?Three times a day.不知大家是否注意到，我们针对上面所说的频度副词和表示“在某段时间内某 种动作的次数”

18、的状语提问时,都要用how Ofteno换句话说，如果要回答111 how Often提问的句子，我们通常要用频度副词或诸如every day, each week, OnCe a week, twice a day, four times a month 等来回答。e.g.4. HOW Often do you borrow books from the library?TWiCe a InOnth 5 一HOW Often does your mother do the washing?She does it every day.6 一HOW Often Can you go to the

19、 movie?OnCe a week在大家所做的练习中，常见的有“句型转换”。这种题型有一种“就划线部 分提问”，要求针对陈述句中的划线部分提出问题（也就是把陈述句变成特殊疑 问句），其中就有针对上面所说的频度副词或every day, each week, OnCe a week, twice a day, four times a InOnth等提问的句子。这时候自然要用how Often来提问 T O e.g.JaCk WatCheS TV three times a week. HOW Often does JaCk WatCh TV?OUr SChOOl has a SPOrtS m

20、eeting twice a year. How Often does your SChOOl have a SPOrtS Ineeting?要注意的是，陈述句在变成这种特殊疑问句时，其结构是：Howoften+助动 词+主语+实义动词+其它成分？或：Howohen+系动词be+主语+其它成分？ HOW Often ？和 HOW long. ?1) HOW Often do you WatCh TV?你多长时间看一次电视？回答能够是下面的任何一种：EVery day./ OnCe a week./Three times a week./ Often./ 2) HOW IOng do you U

21、SUally WatCh TV?你通常看多长时间电视？回答能够是下面的任何一种：AbOUt One hour./ Three hours. / Thirty minutes./.从以上例句中能够看出：how Often意为"多久一次”；how long意为"多长时间"。【语法知识聚焦】一般现在时 The SimPIe PreSent TenSe一般现在时的特殊疑问句Let's IOOk at the following SentenCeS first (让我们先看看下面的句子)1) What do you USUany do On Weekends?2)

22、What does he do On Weekends?3) HOW Often do you shop?4) HOW Often does he WatCh TV?5) HOW many hours do you SleeP every night?一般现在时的特殊疑问句的构成：特殊疑问词+般疑问句这里的特殊疑问词指 what, What time, where, when, which, who, whom, whose, why, how, how many, how much, how long, how Often一般现在时表示现在的状态He is twelve.他十 _岁。They

23、 are at home. 他们在家。表示经常性或习惯性的动作I go to SChOOl at SeVen every day.He PlayS SOCCer On SUndayS表示主语具备的性格和水平等She IikeS applesThey SPeak JaPaneSe She is medium build肯定式I am a CIeanerYOll are right.He / She / It is here.We / YOU / They are OUtgOing否定式I am not a YOu are not.He / She / It is not.We / YOU / T

24、hey are not.否定式和疑问式We go to SChOOl at SeVen every day.We don't go to SChOOl at SeVenDO you go to SChOOl at seven?Yes, We do. (No, We don't.)否定式和疑问式He goes to SChOOl at SeVen every day.He doesn't go to SChOOl at SeVenDOeS he go to SChOOl at seven?Yes, he does.(No, he doesn,t.)一般现在时常和表示时间频

25、度的副词连用。如：often, usually, sometimes, always, never, hardly ever 等。1. I Often read books in the evening2. DO they USUany go to SChOOl by bike?3. He doesn,t Iike milk He never drinks it.4. SOmetimeS Iny InOther gets back at five.一般现在时常和以下时间表达法连用。如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at no

26、on, at night,every day,on SUnday(s), at SeVen 等。DO they have math in the morning?She SleePS nine hours every nightIt takes me two hours to do my homework every day.They don't have CIaSSeS On SUndayS动词第三人称单数的构成：1、直接加"SIOOkIOOkSreadreadsPlayPlayS StOPStOPS2. 在字母 s, x9ch9sh9o 后加esdodoes3辅音字母加y

27、结尾的动词去y为i,再加“esCarry 一 CarrieS StUdy 一 StUdieS hurry 一 hurries Cry 一 CrieS4.特殊的have 一 has【语法练习】选择填空()l.A： HOW OftenShe exercise? B： TWiCe a WeekA. doB. doesC. doing D. did()2. IIike to drink milk.A.notB. doesn,t C. don,t D. no()3. GOOd food and exerciseme to StUdy bettter.A. help B. helpsC. helping

28、D. to help()4. IS her IifeStyle(生活方式)the Sameyours Or different?A. asB. inC. atD. to()5 I Iikefor breakfast.A. a book B. a uler C. an egg D. a SOfa()6. Theare $21 A. glasses B. ShOeC table D bike()7. TenniSmy favourite sport.A. are B. isC. amD. be()8. I have a tennis and my friend Jimtwo tennis rack

29、etsA. have B. PIayC PlayS D. has()9. "Let's Play COmPUter games.nuTatinteresting."A. IOOkS B. SOUndSC. IiStenS D. reads()10. My father IikeS football. BUt heit. He OnIyfootball InatCheS OnTV!A. plays, WatCheSC. doesn,t play, WatCheSB. play, WatChD plays, doesn,t WatCh【参考答案与解题思路】【参考答案】1

30、.B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. C6. A 7. B8. D 9. B10. C【解题思路】1.本题考查助动词d。和does的用法。在疑问句或否定句中，当主语为第三人称单数时，主动词用does,所以，答案为B.2本题考查助动词do和does的用法。因为I不是第三人称单数形式，所以, 答案为C.3. 此题为判断和理解型试题，GoOd food and exercise是两项事物，所以主语不 是第三人称单数形式，所以，答案为A.4. 本题考查固定短语the Same as的用法，答案为A.5. 本题考查辨认食品类单词，只有egg是食品，故答案为C.6. 本题考查动词be的用法，但考察方法

31、与前面第3小题不同.根据题中的 are来判定应该用名词复数.故答案为A.7. 本题考査动词be的用法，虽然tennis是以-S结尾，但是，它是单数名词， 所以，答案为B.&本题考查动词have, has的用法，因为Jim是第三人称单数，所以，答案 为D.9. 本题考查交际用语UTlIat SOUndS Hiteiesting/,的使用，所以，答案为B.10. 本题考查一般现在时的用法，首先根据题中My father IikeS football.和BUt 的提示，判定第一个空应选择doesn't play,乂根据On TV而得到答案watches,故 答案为C.【综合水平检测】

32、一.根据题意和所给的字母提示，填入准确的单词。1. HambUrger is a kind Ofjfood. I hardly ever eat hamburgers.2. I SUrf the inevery day.3. Look! The OId PeOPle are On the hill. They CIimb the hills OnCe a week.4. TOm StUdieS EngIiSh best in OUr class. He has a big V_ C_b_1_r_.5. My grandparents exercise twice a Week to Sthea

33、lthy.6. SOme StUdentS WatCh TV three Or four ta week.7. DOeS it ma big difference if you eat fmit every day?8. It,s Very important to have a good eating h.9. I never go ShOPPing I can,t StShOPPing10. She Often eto the movies On WeekendS二连词成句1. what, usually, you do, on, do Weekends?2. how often, you

34、r brother, does, take, a, shower?93. L nine , hours, sleep, every , night.4. Betty, milk, drinks, every, morning.5. some, students, once, watch, TV, On twice, a, week.三方框选词hardly, CIeaning, take, gave, try, to play, ViSiting, exercises, Went, goes1 Ia ShOWer every night2. My fatherever WatCheS TV in

35、 the evening3. ThankS forme.4. Mary Oftento the movies On WeekendS5. Grandma is Pretty healthy because Sheevery day.6. YOU mustto eat IeSS meat7.1 Iikebasketball& What did you do in SUnInIer holidays?Ito HOngkOng With my ParentS9. My motherme a new bike On my birthday 10. What are you doing? We

36、aeOUr room.四根据括号中所给提示词语，回答问题。1. What do you USUany do On Weekends? ( Climb the hill)2. HOW Often do you go to the movies?(OnCe a year)3. HOW Often does your brother Play soccer? (three Or four times a Week)4. What does your mother do at home?(WatCh TV)5. Are you healthy? (yes)五写作根据表格内容写一篇50字的短文。Name

37、exerciseVegetabIeSfruitmilkjunk foodSIeePevery day7 times aWeekevery dayevery daynine hoursPeterOnCe a Week3 and 4 times aWeeknine hoursJOhnhardlySOmetimeSneverneverPeter is Pretty healthy. He exercises everyday.JOhn is UnheaIthy He hardly everexercises.【答案与解析】一.根据题意和所给的字母提示，填入准确的单词。1. junk 2. inter

38、net 3. hilltop 4. VOCabUlary 5. Stay6. times 7. make 8. habit 9. Stand 10. goes二连词成句1. What do you USUany do On Weekends?2. HoW Often does your brother take a shower? 3. I SIeeP nine hours every night.4. Betty drinks Inilk every morning5. SOme StUdentS WatCh TV OnCe Or twice a Week三方框选词1. take 2. hardly 3 visiting 4. goes 5. exercises6. try 7. to PIay 8. Went 9. gave 10. CIeaning解析：1. 本题考查动词短语take a ShOWer的用法，因为时间状语为every night,应该 用一般现在时。乂语为I,所以答案为take.2. 本题考查短语hardly ever的用法，所以答案为hardly