TED演讲：学校扼杀了学生的创造性

1、 TED演讲：学校扼杀了学生的创造性 -WORD文档，下载后可编辑修改- 下面是小编收集整理的范本，欢送您借鉴参考阅读和下载，侵删。 您的努力学习是为了更美好的未来！ 中英对照演讲稿 Good morning. How areyou?Its been great, hasnt it? Ive been blown away by the whole thing. Infact, Im leaving.There have been three themes running through the conferencewhich are relevant to what I want to ta

2、lk about. 早上好.还好吗？很好吧,对不对？我已经飘飘然了 ！我要飘走 了 .笑声这次会议有三个主题这三个主题贯穿会议始终 ，并且和我 要谈的内容有关。 Oneis the extraordinaryevidence of humancreativity in all of the presentations that weve had and inall of the people here. Just the variety of it and the range of it. 其中之一就是人类创造力的伟大例证 这些例证已经表达在之前 的演讲当中以及在座各位的身上.从这些例证中我们

3、看到了创新的 多样化和多领域. The secondis that its put us in a place where we have no idea whats going to happen, interms of the future. No idea how this may play out. 第二点-这些创新也让我们意识到我们不知道未来会发生什么 完全不知道未来会如何 I have an interest ineducation. Actually, what I find is everybody has an interest in education.Dont you?

4、I find this very interesting. If youre at a dinner party, and yousay you work in education - Actually, youre not often at dinner parties,frankly. 我对教育感兴趣，事实上，我发现每个人都对教育感兴趣难道不 是吗？我发现这很有趣如果你参加一个晚宴，你说你在教育部门工 作坦白的讲，如果你在教育部门工作，事实上你不会经常参加晚宴 ， If you work in education,youre not asked.And youre never askedb

5、ack, curiously. Thats strange to me. But if you are, and you say to somebody,you know, they say, What do you do? 所以你不会被问及你是做哪行的。你永远不会被问到，很奇怪。 但是如果你被问及， 他们问:你从事什么行业? and you say you work ineducation, you can see the blood run from their face. Theyre like, Oh myGod, you know, Why me?My one night outal

6、l week.But if you ask abouttheir education, they pin you to the wall. 你说你在教育部门工作 你会发现他们涨红了脸，那意思好似是 “我的天啊，“为什么让我碰上？整整一周我才出来一次 但如果 Because its one of those thingsthat goes deep with people, ami right? Like religion, and moneyand otherthings. So I have a big interest in education, and I think we all do

7、. Wehave ahuge vested interest in it, partly because its education thats meant to takeus into this future that we cant grasp. 因为这些事情都涉及 个人的隐私，对吗？比方宗教信仰，薪水等 我对教育特别感兴趣，我认为我们都是如此。我们对此有巨大的既得 利益，局部因为教育旨在，将我们带入我们无法掌握的未来。 If you think of it, children startingschool this year will be retiring in 2065. Nobod

8、yhas a clue, despite all theexpertise thats been on parade for the past four days, what the world willlook like in five years time. 大家想想，今年入学的小孩2065将退休.没人知道会怎样-虽 然过去四天会议进程里都是关于这方面的专业讨论 -但我们还是无 法预知这个世界 五年后的样子。 And yet were meant to be educating them for it.So the unpredictability, I think, is extraor

9、dinary.And the third part ofthis is that weve all agreed, nonetheless, on the really extraordinarycapacities that children have - their capacities for innovation. 这就是为何我们要让这些孩子接受教育。 我认为正是未来的不确 定性决定其非同寻常。第三点就是我们都认同一个观点-这些孩子 的特别之处正是他们的创新能力。 I mean,Sirena last night was a marvel, wasnt she? Just seeing

10、 what she could 你要他们谈谈他们的受教育经历, 他们会把你“钉到墙上 do. Andshes exceptional, but I think shes not, so to speak, exceptional in the wholeof childhood. What you have there is a person of extraordinary dedication who found a talent. 我觉得昨晚Sirena的表现令人惊奇， 对吗？她很出色，但是我 认为她在孩提时代时没显得与众不同。现在的教育提倡的是一个有奉 献精神的老师能发现一个天才学生。

11、 And mycontention is, all kids have tremendous talents. And wesquander them, pretty ruthlessly. So I want to talk abouteducation and I want to talk about creativity. Mycontention is that creativitynow is as important in education as literacy, and we should treat it with thesame status. 但我认为,所有孩子都是伟大

12、的天才。 而我们却无情地扼杀了他 们的才能。所以我想谈谈教育和创造力。我认为创造力和文化知识 在教育中占同样比重， 所以这两方面我们应同等对待。 Thank you.That was it, by the way.Thank you very much.So, 15 minutes left.Well, I was born. no.I heard a great storyrecently - I love telling it - of a little girl who was in a drawing lesson. 谢谢。而且， 非常感谢。还剩15分钟。我出生于-说错了 .最 近我听

13、到一个很不错的故事-我很愿意讲讲这个故事-说的是一个 小女孩正在上绘画课。 She was six, and she was at the back, drawing, and the teacher said this girlhardly ever paid attention, and in this drawing lesson, she did. The teacherwas fascinated. She went over to her, and she said, What are youdrawing? 小女孩只有六岁她坐在教室的后排，正在画画， 而她的老师评 价她几乎从不

14、注意听讲，但在绘画课上她却听得很认真。老师饶有 兴趣地走过去问她：“你在画什么？ And the girl said, Im drawing a picture of God. Andthe teacher said, But nobody knows what God looks like. And thegirl said, They will, in a minute. 她说：“我画的是上帝。 老师说：“可是没人知道上帝长什 么样。 这时小女孩说：“他们马上就能知道上帝的样子了。 When my son was four inEngland - Actually, he was four

15、 everywhere, to be honest.If were being strictabout it, wherever he went, he was four that year. He was in the Nativity play.Do you remember the story? 我儿子四岁时在英国-实际上他那会儿在哪都四岁.严格地说 他四岁那年在哪个国家记不清了，只记得他四岁那年 去演舞台剧基 督诞生?你们记得那部剧的情节吗？ No, it was big, it was abig story. Mel Gibson did the sequel, you may ha

16、ve seen it.Nativity II.But James got the part of Joseph, which we were thrilled about. We consideredthis to be one of the lead parts. 应该记不得，情节太长。 故事太长。梅尔.吉布森演过那部剧的 续集。 你们也许看过，叫基督诞生II?。我儿子James在那部舞 台剧里演Joseph,我们为此很兴奋。 我们以为那是个主要角色。 Wehad the place crammedfull of agents inT-shirts: James Robinson IS Jo

17、seph!He didnt have tospeak, but you know the bit where the three kings come in? They come in bearinggifts, gold, frankincense and myrrh. This really happened. 我们给观众们发了 T恤： 上面印着“James Robinson扮演 Joseph他的角色不一定有台词，剧情是 三个国王拿着礼物走进来 他们分别拿着黄金，乳香精油，没药精油。演出开始了。 We were sitting there and I think they just wen

18、t out of sequence, because we talked to thelittle boy afterward and we said, You OK with that? And he said,Yeah, why? Was that wrong? They just switched. The three boys camein, four-year-olds with tea towels on their heads, 我们坐在观众席上 我认为他们应该按顺序出场， 演出结束后我 们对James说：“你们刚刚演的对吗？他说：“对啊，怎么了，哪 错了吗？其实他们把剧情改了。

19、 他们是这么演的：三个小演员出场， 四岁的小家伙们头上戴着擦杯子用的毛巾， and they put these boxes down, and the first boy said, I bring you gold. And the second boysaid, I bring you myrrh. And the third boy said, Frank sentthis. 他们放下手上拿的盒子第一个孩子说：“我带来了黄金。第 二个孩子说：“我带来了没药精油。第三个孩子说： Frank带来 了这个 What these things have incommon is that kid

20、s will take a chance. If they dont know, theyll have a go.Am I right? Theyre not frightened of being wrong. I dont meanto say that being wrong is the same thing as being creative. 以上例子的共同点就是孩子们愿意冒险。 对于未知的事物，他 们愿意去尝试。 难道不是吗？即使尝试的结果是错误的，他们也不惧 怕。当然，我并不认为错误的尝试等同于创新。 What we do know is, if yourenot prepa

21、red to be wrong, youll never come up with anything original - ifyoure not prepared to be wrong. And by the time they get to be adults, mostkids have lost that capacity. 但我们都知道如果你不打算做错误的尝试 你永远不会创造出 新东西。如果你不想让孩子们做错误的尝试，等他们长大了，多数 孩子就会丧失创新的能力。 They have become frightened of being wrong. Andwe run our co

22、mpanies like this. We stigmatize mistakes. And were now running national education systems where mistakes are the worst thing you can make. And the result is that we are educating people out of their creative capacities. 那就会使他们也变得惧怕错误的尝试。 这种情况也存在于公司 经营方面。 我们不能容忍任何错误。这就使得现在的教育体系成为 最不能容忍错误的领域。这样做的后果就是

23、我们的教育体制正在扼 杀孩子们的创造力。甚至可以说，是我们所受的教育让我们丧失了创 造力。 But something strikes you when you move to America and travel around the world: Every education system on Earth has the samehierarchy of subjects. Every one. Doesnt matter where you go. 但搬到美国后，有些事使我印象深刻如果你周游世界你会发现 每个国家的教育体系都存在相同的学科等级制度。 没有例外。不管哪 个国家。 You

24、d think it would be other wise, but it isnt. At the top are mathematicsand languages, then the humanities, and at the bottom are the arts. Everywhereon Earth. Andin pretty much every system too, theres a hierarchy within thearts. 你认为也许会有例外，但没有。排在最前面的学科是数学和语言， 接下去是人文学科，艺术排在最后。世界上所有国家都是如此。而且 相同的还有就是在艺

25、术学科范围内也有等级制。 Art and music are normally given a higher status in schools than dramaand dance. There isnt an education system on the planet that teaches danceeveryday to children the way we teach them mathematics. 通常学校把美术课和音乐课看的较重要 然后是戏剧课和舞蹈课。 没有哪个国家的教育体系 天天安排舞蹈课 但却每天都安排数学课。 Why?Whynot? I thinkthis i

26、s rather important. I think math is very important, but so is dance.Children dance all the time if theyre allowed to, we all do. Weall have bodies, dont we? Did I miss a meeting? 为什么？为什么不呢？我认为舞蹈课很重要。我认为舞蹈课和数 学课同样重要。如果有允许，孩子们会不停地跳舞，我们也一样。我 们都有体会，对吗？ If you were to visiteducation, as an alien, and say

27、 Whats it for, public education? I think youd have to conclude, if you look at the output, who really succeeds bythis, who does everything that they should, 如果你以一个外国人的身份来参观我们的教育体系， 带着这样 的问题：“公办教育的目的是什么？那么当你看到我们的教育体系 产业化的开展，我相信，你就会明白 是谁在真正从中受益， 是谁被 教导着该做什么不该做什么， who gets all the brownie points,who ar

28、e the winners - I think youd have to conclude the whole purpose ofpublic education throughout the world is to produce university professors.Isnt it? 是谁得了总分值，谁是第一名-关于公办教育的目的，我想你会 得出这样的结论 世界上所有的公办教育 都以培养大学教授为目的。 难道不是吗？ Theyre the people who come out the top. And I used to be one, so there.And I like u

29、niversity professors,but you know, we shouldnt hold them up as the high-water mark of all humanachievement. 因为大学教授是象牙塔尖上的人。 我也曾是一名大学教授，也是 塔尖上的人。我倾慕大学教授的学识，但 我们不应该用这样一个头 衔作为衡量一个人成功与否的分水岭。 Theyre just a form of life, another form of life. But theyrerather curious, and I say this out of affection for t

30、hem. Theres somethingcurious about professors in my experience -not all of them, but typically,they live in their heads. 其实大学教授只是360行中的一行， 只不过他们比拟好求知， 我这样说不是因为对他们的倾慕。 在我看来，大学教授有个特点- 虽然不是共性，但很典型-他们只用脑子生活。 They live up there, and slightly to one side. Theyredisem bodied, you know, in a kind of literal

31、 way. They look upon their body as aform of transport for their heads.Dont they? Its a way ofgetting their head to meetings. 而且偏重于大脑的一侧。用书面语来说就是-他们脑体别离。他 们只是把身体当作 大脑的载体而已，难道不是吗？笑声这个载体 可以载着大脑去开会。 If you want real evidenceof out-of-body experiences, get yourself along to a residential conference ofsen

32、ior academics, and pop into the discotheque on the final night.And there, you will seeit. Grown men and women writhing uncontrollably, off the beat. 如果你想亲身体验你就去参加一次会议-学术研讨会，然后在 会议结束后再去迪厅蹦迪。笑声在那你会看到，成年男女在不和 乐拍地疯狂摇摆。 Waiting until it ends sothey can go homeand write a paper about it.Our education syst

33、em ispredicated on the idea of academic ability. And theres a reason. Around theworld, there were no public systems of education, really, before the 19thcentury. 期待夜晚的结束好回家写篇关于蹦迪的论文。 注重培养学术能力 的观点根植于我们的教育体系之中。 形成这种状况还有个原因-所 有国家的教育体系在最初建立时 也就是在19世纪之前-那时教育 还不是公共事业。 They all cameinto being to meet the n

34、eeds of industrialism. So thehierarchy is rooted on two ideas.Number one, that the mostuseful subjects for work are at the top. 那时建立教育体系 是为了满足工业化开展的需要。 所以有两点 根本的等级原那么。 第一点，对工作最实用的科目是最重要的科目。 So you were probably steered benignly away from things at school whenyou were a kid, things you liked, on theg

35、rounds that you would never get a job doing that. Is that right? Dont domusic, youre not going to be a musician; dont do art, you wont be an artist. 这样就能轻易地避开孩子们喜欢的科目，从小就不让他们碰触。 理由就是不这样学就找不到工作。对吗？别玩音乐了，你成不了音 乐家；别画画了，你成不 了艺术家。 Benign advice - now, profoundly mistaken. The whole world is engulfed in a

36、revolution.And the second isacademic ability, which has really come to dominate our view of intelligence,because the universities designed the system in their image. 这些温和的忠告-筑成现在的大错。全世界都被卷入了工业革命 的热潮。第二点，学术能力已经成为 衡量好学生的主要标准这种标 准是那些大学白己制定的。 If you think ofit, the whole system of public education aroun

37、d the world is a protractedprocess of university entrance. And the consequence is that manyhighly-talented, brilliant, creative people think theyre not, 只要你思考一下就会发现整个教育体系 不管哪个国家的公共教 育都是一种按部就班的程序 最终目标是为了考入大学。造成的后果 就是许多很有天才的有创造力的学生被钝化了。 because thething they were good at at school wasnt valued, or was

38、 actually stigmatized.And I think we cant afford to go on that way. 因为这些学生发现他们的专长在学校 并不受重视甚至还受到蔑 视。我认为我们不能再这样扼杀孩子们的天才了。 By the way, theres ashaft of nerves that joins the two halves of the brain called the corpuscallosum. Its thicker in women.Following off from Helen yesterday, this isprobably why w

39、omenare better at multi-tasking. Because you are, arent you? 大脑本来就是由神经来连接左脑和右脑这个连接局部叫月并月氐 体。女性大 脑中的这个局部比男性的要厚。昨天听了 Helen的演讲受 到启发，我认为脑部特征可能使女性更善于应对头绪纷乱的事情。 对吗？ Theres a raft of research, but I know it from my personal life. If my wife iscooking a meal at home- which is not often, thankfully. 虽然关于这方面的

40、研究有很多，但我对于这方面的了解其实来源 于我的亲身体验。我妻子在家做饭时-感谢上帝，她不常做饭， No, shes good at somethings, but if shes cooking, shes dealing with people on the phone, shestalking to the kids, shes painting the ceiling, shes doing open-heart surgeryover here. 虽然她不擅厨艺但很擅长其他一些事-不过她做饭时总是打 打 ，和孩子们说说话，给天棚刷刷漆， 还在旁边做开胸手术。 If Im cookin

41、g, the door is shut, the kids are out, the phones onthe hook, if she comesin I get annoyed. I say, Terry, please, Im tryingto fry an egg in here.Give me abreak. 而我做饭时就会关上厨房门，不让孩子们进来打搅，不打 ， 这时如果我妻子进来我会很生气。 我会这样对我妻子说：“ Terry , 我在煎鸡蛋，请你别打搅。 Actually, do you know that old philosophical thing, if a tree

42、falls in a forest and nobody hears it,did it happen? Remember that old chestnut? I saw a great t-shirt recently,which said, If a manspeaks his mind in a forest, and no woman hears him,is he still wrong? 大家都知道那句有哲理的话-如果森林里有棵树倒了可没人听 到，那是否意味着没发生过？记得这句话吗？最近我看到一件很棒的 T恤，上面印着：“如果一个男人说出他的心声 却是在森林里说的， 而且没被女人

43、听到，那应该不算犯错吧？ And the third thing aboutintelligence is, its distinct. Im doing a new book at the moment calledEpiphany, which is based on a series of interviews with peopleabout how they discovered their talent. 培养好学生的第三个原那么就是-个性化。我目前在写本书-书 名叫顿悟?，素材来白一些 访谈，访谈内容是关于怎样发现 白身 的才能。 Im fascinated by how peo

44、ple got to be there.Its really prompted by a conversation I had with a wonderful woman who maybemost people have never heard of, Gillian Lynne. Have you heard of her? Somehave. 对于这点我很感兴趣。激发我写这本书的原因是一次对话我采 访了一位很优秀的女士，也许很多人 没听说过这个人，她叫Gillian Lynne,你们知道这个人吗？应该有人知道吧。 Shes a choreographer, and everybody

45、knows her work. She didCats and Phantom of the Opera. Shes wonderful. I usedto be on the board of The Royal Ballet, as you can see. Anyway, Gillian and Ihad lunch one day and I said, 她是一个舞蹈编剧所有人都知道她的作品。 她编舞的作品有 猫?、歌剧魅影?。她很有才华。我在英国看过由皇家芭蕾舞团演 出的她的作品。 你们也看过她的作品。 有一次，我和 Gillian 吃 午饭，我问她： How did you get

46、 to be a dancer? It was interesting.When she was at school, she was really hopeless. And the school,in the 30s, wrote to her parents and said, We think Gillian has alearning disorder. She couldnt concentrate; she was fidgeting. “Gillian,你是怎样成为舞蹈家的？她答复说：说起来很有意思， 她上学的时候，觉得白己完全没有希望。她上学那会儿是1930年代， 老师给她家

47、长写信说：“我们认为 Gillian 患有学习障碍症。她 无法集中注意力，她老是坐不安生。 I think now theyd say she had ADHD.Wouldnt you? But this was the 1930s, and ADHDhadnt been invented at this point. It wasnt an available condition.People werent aware theycould have that. 用现在的话讲，那意思就是 她有多动症。你们也这么想吧？但那 时候是1930年代，“多动症这个词还没出现。 那个老师用词不 当。那时候人们还不知道用“多动症这个词。 What I think it comes tois this: Al Gore spoke the other night about ecology and the revolution thatwas triggered by Rachel Carson. 现在，我想说的是-AL Gore曾在这里做过一次演讲 内容是关 于生态学以及RachelCarson引发的那次环境保护运动。 I beli