第一章 科技英语的概念及特点

1、第一章第一章科技英语的概念及特点科技英语的概念及特点 口语文体口语文体l任何作品均有特定的文体，原文的文体不同，翻译方法也随之而异。试观察下列几个片断的原文及其译文lIt appears that youve got the offer of a very good job .lA wonderful job .lAre you going to take it?lI dont think s o.lWhy not ?lI don t want to .l听说有个很好的工作要你去干。l挺好的工作。l打算干吗？l不。l为什么不干？l不想干。口语文体口语文体l这是小说中的一段对说，属于口语文体。其

2、特点是：用词自由，句法结构简单，短句与省略句多，自然朴素，生活气息厚。l在译文中进一步体现汉语口语的特点，省去主语你、我；将英语的一个句子I don t think s o.干脆译成一个字不，显得简洁有力。文学文体文学文体lShe was of a helpless, fleshy build ,with a frank ,open countenance and an innocent ,diffident manner. Her eyes were large and patient ,and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only

3、those who have looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about .l那妇人生着一副绵软多肉(软弱丰满)的体格，一张坦率开诚的面容，一种天真羞怯的神气。一双大落落的柔顺眼睛，里边隐藏着无穷的心事，只有那些对于凄惶无告的穷苦人面目作过同情观察的人才看得出来。l五十一个词的片断,就运用了十个形容词,占五分之一。and in themdwelt such a shadow of distress是非常优美生动的文学语言，译文保持了一风格

4、。新闻文体新闻文体lMONTREA L-Clark Johns accomplished a spectacular debut for his NHL career tonight , the first score launching a four -point first period out burst, to lead the Johnson City High Hats to a 6:4 victory over the Montreal Teals and their eighth consecutive game without a loss.l蒙特利尔电在全国手球联赛中克拉克

5、约翰斯今晚初试锋芒，引起轰动。上半场领先四分，首开记录。克拉克发挥中坚作用，约翰逊市高帽队终以6:4击败蒙特利尔市小鸭队，创造了连胜八场未负一场的战绩。l这是属于应用文的新闻文体，其特点是简明扼要，短小精悍，结构紧凑，笔锋犀利。上述这则电讯只有一个句子，却把一场球赛描绘得淋漓尽致，富于吸引力。科技文体科技文体lThe range of a voltmeter may be extended by means of a series resistor called a multiplier as shown in Fig .2.The full -scale reading of the met

6、er alone may be 15 volts .With the multiplier 250 volts may be required to move the pointer to full -scale ,135 volts across the multiplier and 15 volts across the meter.l从上述的一段科技文章，不难看出其文体与修辞手段与前面列举的文艺小说，新闻报道等迥然不同。科技文体崇尚严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化，常用前置性陈述，即在句中将主要信息尽量前置，通过主语传递主要信息。科技文章文体的特点科技

7、文章文体的特点l清晰、准确、精练、严密l科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实，而非某一行为。l那末，科技文章的语言结构特色在翻译过程中如何处理，这是进行英汉科技翻译时需要探讨的问题。一、科技英语的概念一、科技英语的概念最早称为ESP1.1.学术用英语（学术用英语（EAPEAP）2.2.职业英语（职业英语（EOPEOP）3.3.科技英语（科技英语（ESTEST）Eg1. Different topics will require the use of different information sources, but there are a number of r

8、eference tools that every student should be able to use with ease.主要应用于以交流学术语言的学术场合，使用者多是在英国美国或说英语国家的留学人员、研究人员或访问学者，他们或听英语讲座，或参加英语课程培训。1.学术用英语（学术用英语（EAP）English for Academic Purposes 2.职业英语（职业英语（EOP）English for Occupational Purposes 是职业人员如国际接线员、国际机场管理者、国际贸易商人、旅游服务人员等等，在工作中必须具备的一项技能。Eg2. A wide varie

9、ty of accommodation is available to the modern tourist. It varies from the guest house or tourist home with one or two rooms to grand luxury hotels with hundreds of rooms. A feature of Europe is the pension, a small establishment with perhaps ten to twenty guest rooms. 膳宿公寓膳宿公寓 3.科技英语（科技英语（EST）Engli

10、sh for Science and Technology二、科技英语的特点二、科技英语的特点1.一般结构一般结构（1）标题）标题 Title（2）目录）目录 Contents（3）摘要）摘要 Abstract （含（含Key words)（4）引言）引言 Introduction, Preface（5）正文）正文 Body（6）结论与建议）结论与建议 Results, Conclusions, Suggestions（7）总结）总结 Summary（8）致谢）致谢 Acknowledgement（9）注释）注释 Notes（10）参考文献）参考文献 References （11）附录）附录

11、Appendix 二、科技英语的特点二、科技英语的特点l2.语言特征语言特征（1）标题）标题 Title 科技文章的标题往往是文章的中心主旨，文章的标题反映了作者所科技文章的标题往往是文章的中心主旨，文章的标题反映了作者所研究的主要内容或作者所描述的科学真理和事实，或作者要说明的科学研究的主要内容或作者所描述的科学真理和事实，或作者要说明的科学实验过程和产品使用说明等。实验过程和产品使用说明等。关于关于的研究、探讨、分析、描述、说明等：的研究、探讨、分析、描述、说明等：lResearch/study/probeonlIntroduction/brief introduction tolInve

12、stigation/survey/analysis/description ofl说明一个科学真理和事实、实验过程、产品说明等，一般采用名词性说明一个科学真理和事实、实验过程、产品说明等，一般采用名词性词组、现在分词的形式词组、现在分词的形式 The Miracle Chip, Machine Tools语语言言特特征征二、科技英语的特点二、科技英语的特点l2.语言特征语言特征（2）摘要）摘要 Abstractl反映科技文献主要内容、思想方法、重要观点和结论等反映科技文献主要内容、思想方法、重要观点和结论等l一般长度为一般长度为150200wordsl多由多由3部分组成：主题句、支持句和结论句

13、部分组成：主题句、支持句和结论句主题句主题句lThe purpose of the paper islThe primary goal of this research islThe overall objective of this study islIn this paper, we aim atlThe chief aim of the present work is to investigate the facts thatlThe main objective of our study has been to obtain some resultslThe emphasis of t

14、he research lies inlThe author intends to build a model/a framework oflExperiment on is made in order to measure the amount of语语言言特特征征二、科技英语的特点二、科技英语的特点2.语言特征语言特征（2）摘要）摘要 Abstractl反映科技文献主要内容、思想方法、重要观点和结论等反映科技文献主要内容、思想方法、重要观点和结论等l一般长度为一般长度为150200wordsl多由多由3部分组成：主题句、支持句和结论句部分组成：主题句、支持句和结论句支持句支持句lThe m

15、ethod used in our study is known aslThe technique we applied is referred to aslThe procedure they followed can be briefly described aslThe approach adopted extensively is calledlDetailed information has been acquired by the authors usinglThe research has recorded valuable data using the newly-develo

16、ped method.lThis is a working theory which is based on the idea thatlThe fundamental feature of this theory is as follows,语语言言特特征征二、科技英语的特点二、科技英语的特点2.语言特征语言特征（2）摘要）摘要 Abstractl反映科技文献主要内容、思想方法、重要观点和结论等反映科技文献主要内容、思想方法、重要观点和结论等l一般长度为一般长度为150200wordsl多由多由3部分组成：主题句、支持句和结论句部分组成：主题句、支持句和结论句支持句支持句lThe theor

17、y is characterized bylThe experiment consisted of three steps, which are described inlThe test equipment that was used consisted oflIncluded in the experiment werelThey undertook many experiments to support the hypothesis whichlRecent experiments in this area suggested thatlA number of experiments w

18、ere performed to checklExamples with actual experiment demonstratelSpecial mention is given here to语语言言特特征征二、科技英语的特点二、科技英语的特点2.语言特征语言特征（2）摘要）摘要 Abstractl反映科技文献主要内容、思想方法、重要观点和结论等反映科技文献主要内容、思想方法、重要观点和结论等l一般长度为一般长度为150200wordsl多由多由3部分组成：主题句、支持句和结论句部分组成：主题句、支持句和结论句结论句结论句lIn conclusion, we state thatlIn

19、summing up it may be stated thatlIt is concluded thatlThe results of the experiment indicate thatlThe studies we have performed showed thatlWe carried out several studies that have demonstrated thatlThe research we have done suggests thatlThe investigation carried out byhas revealed thatlAll our pre

20、liminary results throw light on the nature of语语言言特特征征二、科技英语的特点二、科技英语的特点2.语言特征语言特征（2）摘要）摘要 Abstractl反映科技文献主要内容、思想方法、重要观点和结论等反映科技文献主要内容、思想方法、重要观点和结论等l一般长度为一般长度为150200wordsl多由多由3部分组成：主题句、支持句和结论句部分组成：主题句、支持句和结论句结论句结论句lAs a result of our experiments, we concluded thatlFrom our experiment, the authors cam

21、e to realize thatlThis fruitful work gives explanation of lThe research work has brought about a discovery oflThese findings of the research have led the author to the conclusion thatlThe data obtained appear to be very similar to those reported earlier bylThe author has satisfactorily come to the c

22、onclusion thatlFinally, a summary is given of语语言言特特征征二、科技英语的特点二、科技英语的特点l2.语言特征语言特征（3）引言）引言Introduction, Preface对全文的综述和概述，包括研究的背景及目的意义，向读者介绍文章的对全文的综述和概述，包括研究的背景及目的意义，向读者介绍文章的思想和内容，常用句型如下：思想和内容，常用句型如下：lOver the past several decadeslSomebody reportedlThe previous work on has indicated thatlRecent exper

23、iments by have suggestedlSeveral researchers have theoretically investigatedlIn most studies of has been emphasized with attention being given tolIndustrial use of is becoming increasingly common.lThere have been a few studies highlightinglIt is well known that二、科技英语的特点二、科技英语的特点2.语言特征语言特征（4）正文）正文 bo

24、dy正文是科技文章的主体，是科学分析和实验论证的过程反映，经常使用正文是科技文章的主体，是科学分析和实验论证的过程反映，经常使用各种图表、公式论证作者的观点。各种图表、公式论证作者的观点。l表：表：Table;l图：图：Figure/Diagram/Graph/view/Flow Diagram/Chart/Frame Figure；l公式、算式、方程式：公式、算式、方程式：Formula/Equation;l如图如图A所示，如表所示，如表B所示：所示：As it is shown in Fig. A, l as it is shown in Table B.二、科技英语的特点二、科技英语的特点2.语言特征语言特征（5）结论）结论 conclusion是对全文的总结，经过科学的分析、研究而得出的结论。是对全文的总结，经过科学的分析、研究而得出的结论。lThe following conclusions can be drawn fromlIt can be concluded thatlWe