初中英语时态归纳(较简单)

1、初中阶段，要求学生掌握动词6种时态的根本结构(一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，和一般将来时态)及它们的主要用法和区别。了解过去将来、过去完成时态的根本用法，解题时注意找出关键词，正确判断出时态，按时态结构正确变化动词。注意句子时态的一致性，注意对特殊时态的处理。1、一般现在时：l 用法:1)现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作。例如： I get up at six every morning. He plays tennis once a week.2)现在的状态。例如：My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a sch

2、ool.3客观真理。例如：The earth goes around the sun.4常用于一般现在时态的时间状语： often ，usually ，sometimes ，always ，every day ，never ，in the morning 等连用时。l 构成：主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单数时，动词第三人称单数的变法如下：一般情况s以s, x, ch, sh,o结尾es以辅音y结尾变y为ies主语为第三人称和名词单数时：肯定式:S+V/动词的第三人称单数否认式:S+ don't/doesn

3、't +V+其他疑问式:Do/Does+S+V+其他简略答复:(肯)Yes,S+do/does (否)No,S+do/does not 注意：have的第三人称单数为has 主 语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数I am a student.We/You/ They are students.He/ She is a student.I / We/ You/ They/ like music.Many people like music.I am not a student.We/You/ They are not students.He/ She

4、is not a student.I / We/ You/ They/ dont like music.Many people dont like music.Are you a student.Are you/ they students?Is he/ she a student?Do you/ they like music?Do many people like music?l 当主语是第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数时：肯定式: S + be +···否认式: S+ be +not + ···疑问式: Am /Is /A

5、re + S+ ···?简略答复: (肯) Yes,S + be. (否) No,S + be.练习题：1. - May I help you, sir?- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it _.A. didnt work B. doesnt work C. wont work D. cant work2_ the bus until it _. A. Get off, stops B. Get off, will stop C. Dont get off, stops D. Dont ge

6、t off, will stop3The 70-year-old man _ exercises in the morning. A. takes B. are taking C. took D. will take2. 现在进行时l 用法： 1说话时正在进行或发生的动作动作是在说话时正在进行。例如： She is having a bath now. 2现阶段正在进行或发生的动作但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行。例如： You are working hard today. Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian. T

7、he population of the world is growing very fast.3频度副词always, forever等词连用时， 表示某种强烈的感情。如：He is always trying out new ideas. (表示欣赏，表扬)4表示按方案即将发生的动作仅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词。如： The party is beginning at 8:00 oclock.5) 常用于现在进行时态的时间状语： now ,look,listen等。l 构成：be+ v-ing v-ing现在

8、分词的构成：一般情况cook-cooking以不发音字母e结尾的单词。去e,加ingmake-making, taste-tasting以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时.run-running, stop-stopping, 2)肯定句、否认句、疑问句形式：肯定句 ： S+be +V-ing否认句：S+be+not + V-ing一般疑问句：Is(Are)+S+V-ing？特殊疑问：wh_+ be + S + V-ing?e.g.主 语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数I am driving.He/She/It is working.We/Yo

9、u/They are doing something.I am not driving.He/She/It is not working.We/You/They are not doing anything.Are you driving?Is he/she/it working?Are you/they doing something?练习题：1I dont think that its true. Shes _ lies. A. tell B. tells C. telling D. told2. How _ you _ with the new job?A. do, do B. do,

10、get along C. are, doing D. are, getting on3- Are these socks yours? - No. Mine _ outside on the clothes line. A. are hanging B. have hung C. hang D. hung3一般将来时l 用法： 1将要发生的动作。例如： I will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 2将要存在的状态。例如： This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be? 3打算要做的事。 例如： Ar

11、e you going to watch the film on television tonight? 3) 常用于一般将来时的时间状语：tomorrow next week in 2016 等。 l 构成： 1. 助动词will(shall)+v2. be +going to +v练习题： 1. I_ for Hong Kong on Saturday. Will you go to see me off at the airport？A. am leaving B. am left C. am going to leaving D. left2.I_ to see grandma and

12、 help her with some housework every week.A. came B. am going come C. come D. will come3.We Chinese _ the Olympic Games in 2016.A. held B. shall holding C. are holding D. are going to hold4一般过去时l 用法：1 过去发生的动作。例如： The police stopped me on my way home last night.2 过去存在的状态。例如：They weren't able to co

13、me because they were so busy.3. 常用于一般过去时的时间状语： yesterday，three months ago，last year，in 1979，等。l 构成：S+V-ed 用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：一般情况+ed以e字母结尾的辅音+d以辅音字母y结尾去y变ied重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写词尾字母+ed2一般过去时态的肯定句、否认句和疑问句形式以be和like为例：主 语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数I was a student.We/You/ They were stud

14、ents.He/ She was a student.I / We/ You/ They/ liked music.Many people liked music.I was not a student.We/You/ They were not students.He/ She was not a student.I / We/ You/ They/ didnt like music.Many people didnt like music.Were you a student.Were you/ they students?Was he/ she a student?Did you/ th

15、ey like music?Did many people like music?练习题：1 r. Mott is out. But he _ here a few minutes ago.A. was B. is C. will be D. would be2-Hi, Tom. -Hello, Fancy. I _ you were here. A.dont know B.wont think C. think D. didnt know3He promised to tell me by himself when I _.A. come B. would come C. come D. h

16、ad come5、过去进行时l 概念： 1)过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。 例如： This time last year I was living in Brazil. What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night?2)常用于过去进行时的时间状语： at four yesterday afternoon，then，at that time/moment 等。l 构成： was / were +v-ing1Daddy promised me he _ me a computer A. was bought B. had bought

17、C bought D. would buy 2They said they _ do some sports if it was fine.A. were going to B. went C. would going D. were going6、现在完成时l 概念：1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already, just, ever, never, before等词连用. 如: She has never read this novel.2)表示 “过去的动作一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去. 常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:I ha

18、ve been a member of the Party for 10 years. I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.注：在有for 和since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如： He has died for 3 years.(F)He has been dead for 3 years.(T)注：现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如：in 1998, last morning等 have/has been to 表示“去过去了又回来了 have/has gone to

19、表示“去过去了没回来了 如：Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在) Where has she been?(句中作指的人在)l 构成： have / has + v-ing2现在完成时态的肯定句、否认句和疑问句形式以be和see为例：肯定句：S+ havehas+V-ed 否认句：S+ havehas+not(havent,hasnt)+V-ed 一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ S+V-ed+？ 特殊疑问句：wh_+have(has)+ S+V-ed+？主 语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数 I /We/You/ They have b

20、een here before.He/ She has been here before.I / We/ You/ They/ Many people have seen the film.I /We/You/ They havent been here before.He/ She hasnt been here before .I / We/ You/ They/ Many people havent seen the film.Have you/ they been here before?Has he/ she been here before?Have you/ they/ many

21、 people seen the film?练习题：1.-How long _ he _ a fever?- Ever since last night.A. have, got B. have , had C. have, caught D. did, have 2.My bowl is empty. Who _ all my soup?A. drinks B. had drunk C. has drunk D. drank3. I _ you for a long time. Where _ you _? A. Didnt seen; did, go B. didnt see; have,

22、 gone C. havent seen; have, been D. havent seen; have gone7、过去完成时态l 用法：1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。 他表示的时间是“过去 的过去 常与by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如： She said she had seen the film 4 times. When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading. By the time they arrived, the

23、 bus had left.2、表示 从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如: She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.l 构成： 肯定式：had + V_ed 否认式：hadnt + V_ed 疑问式：Had + V_ed 简略答复: Yes, S + have/has had. No, S + had选择最正确答案填空 1.Well go swimming if the weather_fine tomorrow.A. is B.wa

24、s C. will be D.is going to be 2.It_five years since he has left for Beijing.A. was B. has been C.is D.is going to be 3.Please dont leave the office until your friend_back.A.came B es C.have come D.will come 4.By the end of last year he_about 1500 English words.A. learns B.learned C.was learning D.ha

25、d learned 5.Listen ! Someone_in the next room .A.cried B.crying C.is crying D.has cried 6.You must tell him the news as soon as you_him.A.see B.sees C.will see D.is seeing 7.He told me that he_to see us the next day. A es B. came C. will come D. would come 8.We cant find him anywhere . Perhaps he_ho

26、me.A. is going B. went C. has come D. would come 9.The teacher told us that the sun_bigger than the earth.A. is B. was C. has been D.will be 10.Could you tell me where the railway station_?A. was B. is C. will be D. would be 11.We_to the Great Wall several times. A. go B. were going C. have gone D.h

27、ave been 12.It seemed that the old man_for something over there.A. looks B. looked C. was looking D. has looked 13.He was sure that he_his wallet in the office .A. left B. would leave C. had left D. has left 14.You must study hard if you_ want to fail the exam.A. wont B. dont C. havent D. hadnt 15.

28、Im afraid you cant sit here . Sorry , I_know.A. dont B. wont C. cant D. didnt 16. As she_the newspaper , Granny_asleep.A. read , was falling B. was reading fell C. was reading , was falling D.read , fell 17. Jim is not coming tonight . But he_ !A. promises许诺 B. promised C. will promise D. had promis

29、ed 18. Whats her name? I_.A. forget B. forgot C. had forgotten D. am forgetting三、动词时态能力综合测试 1.He often_his clothes on Sundays.A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash 2.Im Chinese. Where_from?A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming 3.May_to school.A. never walks B. is never

30、walking C. walk never D. never is walking 4.We will start as soon as our teacher_ .A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming 5.How long ago_playing football?A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop 6.It_ hard when I left my house .A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D

31、. will rain 7.I think this question_to answer.A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. will easy 8. Dont talk so loudly . Your father_.A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept 9.How many people does the doctor know who_of the disease (疾病)？A. are dying B. is dying C. has died D. dies 10.I_my homework

32、now.A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished 11.He_for three years.A. has joined B. has been in the army C. joined D. has served the army 12.His grandfather_for thirty years.A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died 13.I_ from my brother for a long time.A. not have heard B. have

33、 not heard C. have heard not D. do not hear 14.Maths, one of the most important subjects, _always interested him.A. has B. have C. are D. is 15.Did your brother go to America last year? _. A. No , he did never go there B. No , he has never gone here C. No , he never was there D. No , he has never be

34、en there 16.He_ that factory since 1958.A. has left B. has worked in C. has gone from D. has come to 17.Our teacher_to Beijing three times.A. went B. had gone C. has gone D. has been 18.Last week John_his leg.A. felt and broken B. fell and broke C. feels and breaks D. fallen and broken 19.Jack_his thick coat because it was snowing. A. puts on B. put on C. takes on D. took on 20.He_the picture on the wall.A. hanged B. hung C. has hanged D. was hanged 21.Next month_twenty five.A. has my sister B. my sister will be C. my sister shall have D. my sister is going to be 22.You_her again in a