（整理版高中英语）第三册Unit6GoingWest

1、第三册unit 6 going westi单元知识点全览 工欲善其事 必先利其器高考须掌握的词汇：1applicatlon 2survive 3oxen 4used 5thirsty 6anxious 7starve 8salt高考须掌握的短语：1up 2heart 3easy 4up 51eave 610se 7an 8up 9.for 10to 11away 12for 1 3on14out 15need 16to l 7to 18ftom 19with考点过关 过关斩将 一马平川考点详解 精剖细解 入巿三分一、重点词汇1apply vi&vt申请；应用；专心eg： i want

2、to apply for the job我想申请这份工作。 what i said does nol apply to you我说的话与你无关。students should apply themselves to their sludy学生们应该专心学习。 this rule eouldn't be applied to every case这条规那么并不适用于每种情况。相关链接：applicatlon n应用；申请用法拓展：apply for a job申请工作 apply a theory to practice 把理论应用到实践apply one's mind to专心

3、于 apply oneself to专心从事；埋头于特别提醒：applyto“把应用于，其中to为介词。案例剖析 旁征博引 举一反三考题1(典型例题)when i graduate from this fa- mous universily. ill what i have learnt to every-day work. a. use b. apply c. devote d. stick考题1点拨：答案为b。根据话题逻辑暗示，该空应表示“把应用到故用apply。而devote表示“把(时间，生命)奉献 到与题意不符。句意为：“从这所著名大学毕业后，我将把我学到的知识应用到日常工作中。总结

4、提：applyto中to为介词。2accustomed adj习惯的惯常的 eg：he has been accustomed to the tropical climate in the area since he has stayed here for almost ten years他在这个地区生活了将近10年所以已经习惯了热带气候。 im not accustomed to getting up so early to do morning exertises 我不习惯这么早起床进行晨练。 相关链接：accustom vt使习惯于用法拓展：be/gel accustomed to习惯于

5、 accustom sbto(doing)sth使某人习惯做 be/get used to(doing)sth习惯于特别提醒：be accustomed to后面需接名词或动名词，不接不定式作宾语，to为介词。考题2 don't worry! she is accustomed to like that. a. be spoken b. being spoken c. speak d. being spoken to考题2点拨：答案为d。be accustomed to后接动名词作宾语，且speak to sb“对某人讲话且she与speak to为被动关系，应选d。句意为：“不要担忧

6、，她已习惯了剐人用那种方式对她讲话。 总结提示：be accustomed to一“习惯于后接名词或动名词作宾语。3reiief nu减轻；解除；救济eg： the pills gave her some relief药片减轻了她一些痛苦。 to his rclief。his son was saved使他欣慰的是，他的儿子被救活了。相关链接：relieve u，减轻；解除用法拓展：to one's relief使某人欣喜(放心)的是 give sbrelief ftom pam使某人减轻痛苦 for the relief of为了救济 relieve s1)of解除某人的负担(痛苦)

7、 特别提醒：relief为不可数名词。考题3 (典型例题 分) hearing the news that her missing son was found, she breathed a sign of a. excitement b. joy c. relief d. belief考题3点拨；答案为c。根据语境和逻辑此空应表示“减轻担忧,轻松。句意为：“听到她走失的儿子被找到了，她轻松地舒了一口气。a sign of relief如释重负的叹息。4deiiver vt& n递送；传送；接生 eg： which doctor delivered thc baby?哪位医生接生了这个

8、婴儿? some new books have been delwered to the school一些新书已被送到。 the headmaster delivered a speech atthe meeting yesterday昨天校长在大会上发言了。用法拓展：deliver sthto把送到 deiiver a speech发表演讲 deiiver a baby接生婴儿特别提醒：记住deliver的后两种含义“发言和“接生。考题4 (典型例题)nowadays all the stores promise that all goods arc to your doors. a. gi

9、ven b. brought c. delivered d. posted考题4点拨：答案为c。题意：“现在很多商家许诺，所有商品都会送货到门。故用deliver“递送。其他三项不合题意。总结提示：deliver sthto一“把送到(某处)。二、重点短语 5add up加起来eg： can you add up alr these mumbers?你能把所有这些数加起来吗?用法拓展：add up to合计达add to增加，扩大addto一把加到 add in包括在内特别提醒：add up to“合计达，无被动形式。考题5 i don't know what the result w

10、ill be if we these numbers. a. addto b. add up to c. add d. add up考题5点拨：答案为d。根据these numbers“这些数，可知用add up加起来。句意为：“我不知道如果我们把这些数字加起来会是什么结果。总结提示：add up与add up to含义不同。 6lose heart失去信心 eg：don't lose_hcartyoull be successfui sooner or later别气馁。你迟早会成功的。 don't lose hcart in time of diffleuities在困难面

11、前不要失去信心。用法拓展：heart and soul全心全意地；完全地put ones hearl into 全神贯注于 learn/knowby heart背出；熟记特别提醒：lose hearl，iearnb)rhcart及hcart and soul中的heart不能用复数形式或前面加冠词或物主代词。考题6 (典型例题) what do you tbink of the girl? she is a strong girl and is never easy to be fore hardships. a. lose heart b. lose her heart c. lose he

12、arts d. lose the heart考题6点拨：答案为a。lose heart“失去信心为固定搭配，句意为：“她是一个坚强的女孩，并且在困难面前轻易不会失去信心。总结提示：lose one's heart to一“爱上某人。 7keep up维持；保持 eg：the government takes some measures to keep up the prices 政府采取一些措施保持物价稳定。 anyway，you should keep up high spm。ts无论怎么样你都应该保持高昂的精神。用法拓展：keep up with跟上；同步前进 keep away

13、from使不靠近 keep out不进；留在外面keep off使不接近keep back阻止;隐瞒；克扣 keep an eye out fo r留心；注意特别提醒：keep up，keep out，keep backkeep off短语都是keep+副词构成代词作宾语时必须放在两词之间。考题7 -can "we arrive in shanghai before dark? -if you this speed. a. keep on b. keep up c. keep put d. keep with考题7点拨：答案为b。句意为：“我们在天黑之前能到达吗?"如果你保

14、持这个速度·那就没问题。根据语境，应表示“保持此速度故用keep up。 ·总结提示：辨析与keep构成的短语。三、重点交际用语 8take it easy别着急；别紧张也可以说take things easy相当于don't worry!一般用于抚慰别人。 eg：take it easywe've got plenty oftime别着急我们有的是时间。 take it easy或take things easy还可表示“松懈、懒散等。 eg： we must not take things easy，though we have had good har

15、vest several years 虽然连续几年丰收可是我们决不能松劲。用法拓展：take one's time别急，慢慢来take it for granted认为理所当然 take care小心，留神 takd one's advice听从劝告take one's chance碰运气考题8 -is there anything seri-ous, doctor? - . you'll be all right soon. a. take care b. take it easy c. all right d. good-bye考题8点拨：答案为b。根据答语

16、you'li be ail right soon可知·这里表示抚慰对方，应选b。句意为“医生·情况严重吗?“别紧张·你很快就会好的。总结提示：分清使用take it easy的语境。四、重点句型9now we were on our feet with another 500 miles to go现在我们要靠自己的双脚走另外500英里路。 with+宾语+宾补用作状语或定语。宾补主要由以下句子成分充当。 (1)with+宾语十介词短语eg： she left the office with tears in her eyes她含泪离开了办公室。 (2)w

17、ith+宾语+doing(与宾语是主动关系) eg： with you standing therewe can't work你站在那儿我们无法工作。 (3)with+宾语+done(与宾语是被动关系) eg： there was also a gun and a thin piece of rope with the end tied in a clrcle 有一支枪和一条末尾打了个结的细绳。 (4)with+宾语+形容词eg： he slept well with alithe windows open所有的窗子都开着，他睡得很好。 (5)with+宾语+副词eg： the emp

18、eror walked in the middle of the procession with nothing on 皇帝走在游行队伍中间，什么也没穿。 (6)with+宾语+to do eg： with the party to lead uswe are sure to win在党的领导下我们肯定会成功。特别提醒：with+宾语+宾补通常用来作状语有时也用来作定语。 eg： i saw a man with an dmbrella in his hand我看到一个手里拿伞的人.考题9-1 production up by 60%. the company has had another

19、excellent year. a. as b. for c. with d. through考题9-2 with a lot of diffi-cult problems . the newly-elected president is having a hard time. a. settled b. settling c. to settle d. being settled考题91点拨：答案为c。with+宾语+宾补作原因状语，而as表示原因引导从句。句意为;“公司今年的产量上升了60·今年又是一个丰收年。考题92点拨:答案为c。根据所提供的情境,the newly-elee

20、ted president is having a hard。time可知新任总统现在和将来都有要解决的难题，要用to gettle作problems的宾语补足语。总结提示;弄清with+宾语十不定式，with+宾语+doing及with+宾语+done的区别及使用。10if untreated·it would produce a powerful poison that would kill the patient 如果得不到处理它就会产生很强的毒素会致病人于死地。 lf untreated相当于if it were untreatedit would在主从复合句中ifwhenw

21、hileun 1essthoughonce等引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，为了使句子结构简洁可省略从句中的主语和be动词。 eg：when/ifheated(=when/if it is heated)water will turn into vapour在给水加热时，水会变成蒸汽。 though tiredi had to work on尽管很累，我还得继续干。 while listening to(while she was listening to)the rlewsshe suddenly fainted 听新闻时她突然晕倒了。 i won't at

22、tend the meeting unless invlted除非受邀。不然我不会参加这次会议。 特别提醒：after，before不引导从句时after/before为介词，后接名词或动名词作宾语。 eg：bcforebeing shipped abroad，the goods must be checked货物在被运出国之前，必须受到检查。 after being finished，the paper was collected被做完后。试卷被收了起来。 beforeafter后不能直接接done形式。 考题10-1 the research is so designed that onc

23、e nothing can be done to change it. a. begins b. having begun c. beginning d. begun考题10-2 though money, his parents managed to send him to university., a. lacked b. lacking of c. lacking d. lacked in考题10一1点拨:答案为d。once begunonce it is begun的省略形式，在句中作状语，begin作及物动词，表示“着手，开始。句意为：“这项研究设计成一旦开始任何事情都不能改变它。

24、考题102点拨：答案为c。lack为及物动词，后接宾语money，而且主语parents与lack'是主谓关系，要用现在分词作状语。句意为：“虽然缺钱他的父母还是设法让他上了大学。总结提示：though/when/if/unless/while/once后跟现在分词，表示与主语之间为主动关系而接过去分词时，与主语之间为被动关系。after/before后接的动词与主语之间为被动关系时用being done。五、词语辨析11pick uppick out pick up含义为：捡起；收集到；收听到，(顺便用车)来接，(学会)某种语言等意思而pick otit意思为“挑选；认出。别提醒：p

25、ick up是一个特别灵活的短语，注意其使用语境。考题11 用 pick up. pick out 的适当形式填空 (1)i can easily her voice in the crowd even i haven't seen her for five years, it sounds as beautiful as before. (2)" something valuable and throw the rest away. " the mother asked her children when they were cleaning the old ho

26、use. (3) modern mobiles are well equipped with advanced facilities. so we can easily nice programmes even when we are in remote areas. (4)when you come back home, can you the children from the school?考题11点拨：(1)pick out 识别出 (2)pick out 挑选 (3)pick up接收节目 (4)pick up 顺便接总结提示：分清pick out与pick up的使用情境。 语法归

27、纳 精通规那么 游刃有余本单元的语法重点是句子成分定语定语是用来说明名词(代词)的品质与特征的词或一组词定语可以由以下词来充当。1形容词作定语。 eg： you are a proper fool if you believe it你如果相信它，就是一个十足的傻瓜。she is a nalural musi。cian她是一位天生的音乐家。2名词用作定语(高考考查热点)。 eg： a baby girl女婴 well water井水 car windows汽车窗户 book store书店3代词作定语。 eg：your hair needs cutting你该理发了。he is a friend

28、 of mine他是我的一个朋友。4数词作宾语。 eg：there's only one way to do it做此事只有一种方法。 do it nowyou may not get a second chance现在就干吧，你可能再也没有时机了。5副词作定语，常后置。 eg：the room above楼上的房间 the world today今日世界 the way out出路6不定式作定语。 eg：its time for us to go我们该走了。 her promise to write was forgotten她忘记了承诺写信的事。 thats the way to

29、do it那正是做此事的方法。7动名词作定语。 eg-learning methods学习方法 a walkmg silok拐杖 sleeping pills安眠药片考题1 all the people at the party were his supporters. a present b. thankful c. interested d. important考题2 when he came in, he dropped the cup.a. coffee's b. coffee c. coffees d. coffeeing考题3 (典型例题 分) do you have an

30、ything , sir? - no, thanks. a. to wash b. to be washed c. washed d. washing8分词作定语。 eg a sleeping child正在睡觉的小孩 a retired worker一个退休工人 a faded flower一朵凋谢了的花 he is talking to a girl resembling joan他在和一个貌似琼的女孩谈话。9介词短语作定语。 eg： this is a map of world这是一张世界地图。 the wild look in his eyes spoke plainer than w

31、ords他那凶暴的目光说明得再清楚不过了。10从句作定语，即定语从句。 eg： fhe car that parked outside is mine(限制性定语从句)停在外面的汽车是我的。 your carwhich i noticed outsidehas been hit bv another one(非限制性定语从句) 我在外面看见你的汽车了它被另一辆车撞了。特别提醒：定语的位置一般比拟固定单词作定语时多置于被修饰词之前；短语和从句用作定语时，一般放于被修饰词之后。常作后置定语的几种情况： (1)表语形容词用作定语时一般后置。 eg： im the most happy man ali

32、ve我是世界上活着的最幸福的人。 (2)形容词修饰不定代词常后置。 eg： l'd like sorething interesting to read我想读些有趣的东西。 (3)不定式用作定语时须后置。 eg： ld like a house to live in我需要一个房子住。 (4)分词短语作定语需后置。 eg： do you know the girl standing over there?你认识站在那边的那个女孩吗? (5)从句作定语一般后置。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句是所修饰的名词不可缺少的成分； 而非限制性定语从句对其所修饰的名词只是

33、一种补充说明并非不可缺少的成分二者之间一般用逗号隔开。考题4 as early as 1647, ohio made a deci-sion that free tax supported schools must be established in every town 50 households to go to school. a. having b. to have c. to have had d. having had 考题1点拨：答案为a。题意表示“出席晚会的/k"3f容词短语作定语应选a。句意为：“出席晚会的所有人都是他的支持者。 考题2点拨：答案为b。咖啡杯应表达为

34、coffee cup，为名词作定语。 考题3点拨：答案为b。题意“有要洗的东西吗先生表示将来的动作，且与被修饰词anything之间为被动关系，应选b。 考题4点拨：答案为a。having用作定语修饰every town。句意为：“早在1647年，俄亥俄州就决定免税在每一个拥有50户上学孩子的镇里开办。专题探究 由点及面 由表及里专题探究：单项选择专题详解：高考英语单项选择题目千变万化，但万变不离其宗常考的知识毕竟有限。因此研究“高考试题是最正确途径并且掌握解题规律与方法既省时又省力可直击目标。现将一些解题方法归纳如下：1题眼法我们要学会充分利用“题眼的作用 “题眼是指题干中的关键词或关键符号

35、它具有提示信息的作用。一旦抓住了它，就能掌握选择的依据。2复原法把倒装式、强调式或疑问式的题干变换为陈述句再选就容易多了。3归类法 根据句意，把选项分组归类缩小范围提高做题的速度和准确性。4推理法 根据上下文进行逻辑推理在四个选项都可选的情况下要认真阅读全句，仔细体会其语境，根据上下文，进行判断。5排除法 对于难度较大的题一时不知道选哪一个，这时要逐个试填最后，选取组成最好语境的选项。考题1 they are busy to go on a holiday. a. preparing b. ready c. prepare d. be ready考题2 it was about 600 yea

36、rs ago the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. a. that b. until c. before d. when考题3 few pleasure can equal of a cool drink on a hot day. a. some b. any c. that d. those考题4 these football players had no strict until they joined our club. a. practice b. education c. exercises d. traini

37、ng考题5 -im g6ing to the post office. - you're there, can you get me some stamps? a. as b.while c. because d. if考题1点拨:答案为a。be busy doing这种用法在教材中反复出现，但仍有不少人选了ready。以上问题的出现,说明学生根底知识的欠缺和根本功不扎实。 考题2点拨：答案为a。本句的正常语序是：the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made about 600 years ago所以选a，因为我们都知道只有

38、强调句型去掉it wasthat后，还会保持语意完整。考题3点拨：答案为c。of后面是单数，共前面不能填someany或those。a、b、d三项、归为一类。thatthe pleasure of a cool drink，应选c。 考题4点拨：答案为d。考查要点：单词辨析。a项表示“实践，b项表示“教育；c项表示“练习，d项表示“训练。根据上下文， 应选d 考题5点拨：答案为b。四个选项均属连接副词，都能引导状语从句，if从句表示条件；这就与前提im going to the post office相悖as表示“一边，一边与can you get me some stamps矛盾；becau

39、se从句表示直接原因；while从句表示时间，强调主句的动作发生在从句的过程中，从句的谓语动词多表示状态。应选b。总结提示：单项选择题主要考查语法和词汇知识的三个方面：(1)英语语法知识(2)时近义词或习惯用语辨析(3)日常交际用语。这三方面各有其内在规律，因此了解并掌握这些规律，就能答好语法和词汇知识题目。 v考题类型一网打尽 蓦然回首 灯火阑珊回忆1 测试考点2 ( 典型例题分 ) accustomed to the steep mountains, he had no difficulty reaching the top.a. climbing b. climb c. having c

40、limbed d. have climbed1a 点拨：考查动词accustom的用法。be accustomed to doing sth“习惯做某事，在此短语中to为介词，后面须接名词或动名词。由题意“由于习惯了爬这些陡峭的山脉，他没有任何困难就爬上了山顶，而c项having climbed虽是动名词形式，但是并不是先于谓语动词发生的，不能成为正确答案，应选a。 回忆2 测试考点10 (典型例题)sugar, when with water, dissolves quickly. a. mixed b. mixing c. mix d. is mixed2a点拨：when with wat

41、er在此结构中，省略了when从句中的主语sugar，同时与动词mix之间存在被动关系，所以用mixed，be mixed with“把和混合在一起。 回忆3 测试考点 10 (典型例题)it shames me to say it, but i told a lie when at the meeting by my boss. a. questioning b. having questioned c. questioned d. to be questioned3c 点拨：题意：“我不好意思说这件事，昨天在会议上老板询问我时我撒了谎。whenat the meeting结构中，省略了主语

42、i。且1与question之间为动宾关系，应选c。 回忆4 测试考点 10 (典型例题) generally speaking, according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. a. when taking b when taken c. when to take d. when to be taken.4b点拨：题意：“一般来说，按照说明来服用，这种药物是没有副作用的。when后接一个省略了主语the drug的从句，且drug与take间为动宾关系，故用过去分词，所以b为正确答案。 回忆5 测试语法 (典型例题john s

43、mith, a successful business man, has a car. a. large german white b. large white german c. white large german d. german large white5b点拨：考查多个形容词修饰同一个名词。当多个形容词修饰同一个名词时，它们的排列顺序为；大小。高度长度，颜色，国籍。材料，用途等。应选b。a large white german car“一辆很大的白色德国车。 回忆6 测试语法 (典型例题)mr smith, ofthe speech, started to read a novel.

44、 a. tired; boring b. tiring; bored c. tired; bored d. tiring; boring6a点拨考查形容词辨析。tired“感到劳累的，感到厌烦的， bored。感到讨厌的，boring“令人厌烦的，tiring“令人劳累的。由题意“smith厌倦了这个令人讨厌的演讲，开始读起了小说。be tired or对感到厌烦，应选a。 回忆7 测试考点 9 (典型例题 two exams to worry about. i have to work really hard this weekend. a. with b. besides c. as fo

45、r d. because of7a点拨：because为连词，后接从句，because of为介词；后面接名词或动名词，as for“至于为介词，with为介词后面可以接with+宾语+宾补这个复合结构。由题意“有两次考试要准备，这周末我必须要努力学习。应选a。 回忆8 测试考点 9 (典型例题i couldn't do my home-work with all that noise a. going on 13. goes on c. went on d. to go on8a 点拨：with为介词，后面可接宾语+宾补这一结构，且ail that noise与go on之间为主谓关

46、系，所以用现在分词。with a11 that noise going on“因为那些响着的噪音，强调存在的状态。而d项表示“将要弄出噪音，与语境不吻合，应选a。vi高考题预测 高瞻远瞩 占尽先机一、考情预测 年考情预测预测1：apply 预测根据：apply是新教材中的重要词汇，是历年来高考中的空白，势必成为高考的重要词汇。预测2：relief 预测根据：relief是新教材出现的一个高考重要词汇，出现频率不高，它的含义是“(痛苦，困苦，忧虑等)减轻或解除。是一个不可数名词，它势必会成为高考考查名词的一个重要知识点。 “使某人放心的是或find rel|ef from,“从中摆脱出来。预测3

47、：keep与up，outoffawaydown的短语辨析预测4：if(when，while，unless)+分词的省略形式 预测根据：英语中一些连词如：if。when，whileunless，though，once等后接的从句中，假设主句主语与从句主语一致，通常省略从句主语及be动词，只保存分词。这种对非谓语动词形式的考查是历年高考试题必考的知识点。 预测5：pick up与pick out 预测根据：pick up与pick out是英语教材中两个重要的短语，又是历年高考考查动词短语的热点。 预测6：accustomed 预测根据：accustomed是英语新教材中出现的一个重要词汇，它与b

48、e used to+习惯于含义相同，势必会成为取代be used to的考查热点。 二、考题预测备考1测试考点11 oh, my god! it's just a sea of cars. how can you your car? -that's easy. mine is colored differently from any other one a. find out b. throw out c. pick out. d. pick up1c 点拨：根据：it's just a sea of cars可知问句是在问“怎么从这么多车中识别出自己的车。pick o

49、ut*'挑选出；识别出，而find out“发现不符合语境，应选c。 备考2测试考点 9 with textbook prices by more than60% over the past decade in the usa, students have been turn- ing to the internet for used books, a recent cnn report said. a. rise b. rising c. to rise d. rised2b点拨：考查with+复合结构。由题意：“随着课本价格e升了60多美国的学生转向网络买用过的课本可知price与

50、rise为主谓关系。且强调存在的状态应选b。而with prices to rise表示价格将要上升，与题意不符。备考3测试语法 well. there are so many beautiful pairs of good shoes , but i cannot decide which to buy at present. a. to be chosen b. to choose c. to choose from d. for choosing3c 点拨：i cannot decide which to buy暗示“从中挑选，应用choose from，而b项那么表示to choose

51、 so manyshoes， 与题意不符。choose与shoes之间存在动宾关系，但是在此句中暗含动作执行者i，故用主动表示被动。应选c。备考4测试考点 5 the engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather the helplessness for the crew at sea.a. added to b. added up c. made up d. turned up4a点拨：题意：“船的发动机出了故障而天气不好又增加了海上船员的无助。add to“增加扩大，而add up表示“把数加起来，与题意不符合。备考5测试考

52、点6 -i failed the driving test again. -don't lose you will pass it sooner or later. a. your heart b. heart c. the heart d. a heart5b点拨：题意：“我又一次没通过驾驶执照考试，“不要灰心，你迟早会通过的，lose heart“别灰心，别泄气，为固定搭配， 而lose one，heart“爱上某人。备考6测试考点 3 to our great , the boy was finally rescued from the damaged building. a. surprise b. annoyance c. relief d. satisfaction6c点拨：题意：“使我们放心的是，这个男孩最终从受损的大楼中被救出来了。to one's relief“使放心的是使欣慰的是，选c。to one's surpris