初中英语 连词

1、 语法专题之连词常考知识清单一一、连词的分类连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子的作用。连词主要分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。二、并列连词和连词短语并列连词表示单词、短语、从句或句子间有并列关系。1. 表平行或对等关系的并列连词 and“和”；bothand“和两个都”；as well as “也”；not onlybut also“不但而且”；neithernor“既不也不”等。*My father bought me a present, and I like it very much.*He can speak not only English

2、but also French.2. 表转折关系的并列连词 But“但是”；yet“然而”；while“而”；however“然而”。*The doctors tried to save the patient, but they failed.*Lucy likes red while Lily likes white. 露西喜欢红色然而莉莉喜欢白色。3. 表选择关系的并列连词 （1）or“或者”；eitheror“要么要么”neithernor“既不也不”，以or连接的句子可以转换为由否定条件构成的主从复合句。*Study hard, or youll fail the exam = If

3、 you dont study hard, youll fail the exam.（2）eithernor连接主语时，动词与靠近它的主语在人称、数上保持一致，即“就近原则”。*Either you or he has to go = Either he or you have to go.（3）neithernor连接主语时，动词与邻近的主语保持一致，即“就近原则”。*Neither you nor he is right = Neither he nor you are right.常考知识清单二从属连词从属连词是引导从句的连词。一、引导状语从句的连词1. 引导时间状语从句的连词 ：bef

4、ore, after, when, while, until, since等。（1）after:在以后，通常用于过去时、现在时或完成时态的句子中。*I went to bed after I finished my homework.（2）before：在以前，常与过去时、一般现在时连用。*Ill stay here before my mother comes back.（3）when/while两者都表示“当以前”。一般来说，主从句中，当主句的谓语动词正在进行时，when连接的从句中的谓语动作才发生；while连接的谓语动作正在进行时，主句中的谓语动作才发生。由while引导的从句，所用的

5、谓语动词必须是延续性的，而不能是瞬间性动词，如begin, come, go等。*I was doing my homework when the telephone rang.我在做作业时电话铃响了。*Can you look after my pet dog while Im away?我离开的时间你能照看我的小狗吗？（4）since; 自从以来。该连词所连接的从句中的谓语动词通常是过去时，主句通常是一般现在时或现在完成时。*Its five years since I studied English.我学习英语已经五年了。*I have lived in Beijing since I

6、came to China.我来到中国后就住在北京。（5）as soon as: 一就。该连词所在的主从句中，若主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来的意义。*Ill call you as soon as I get there.2. 引导原因状语从句的连词：because, as, since, for等 *She didnt go there, because she was ill.3.引导目的状语从句的连词so, so that, in order that等 *He got up early so that he can get the early bus.4. 引导结果状语

7、从句的连词：so that, suchthat等 a/an+adj.+n. that从句adj+不可数名词/可数名词复数such+（1）such修饰名词（2）so修饰形容词或副词So+adj./adv.+that从句many/few复数名词that从句much/little+不可数名词（3）当名词由many, much, few或little修饰时不用such而用so,即：so+*He is such a clever boy that we all like him. = He is so clever that we all like him.*He always asks so many

8、 strange questions.5. 引导条件状语从句的连词：if “如果”；unless“除非” *If it is fine tomorrow, well go to the park.*Well be late unless we hurry up.6. 引导地点状语从句的连词：where; wherever等 *You can go wherever you like.你可以去你想去的任何地方。7. 引导让步状语从句的连词有though, although, even, if, however等 *Though it is raining hard, we must get th

9、ere on time.8. 引导比较状语从句的连词：as, than, asas, morethan等 *He can ran as fast as Liu Xiang.*He is better at English than I.*American people have the same way of dressing as Canadian people.二、引导宾语从句的连词1. that连接由陈述句转变成的宾语从句 *Im glad that youre ready to help others.我很高兴你乐于帮助别人。2. if, whether引导由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从

10、句 If和whether引导宾语从句时，一般情况下可以互换，if在口语中用的较多，whether在书面语和正规场合下用的较多。但下列情况只用whether不用if。（1）与动词不定式连用时。*I dont know whether to go.（2）在介词后作宾语时。*Im worried about whether she can come here on time.（3）在主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句中。*Whether well go to the park depends on the weather.我们是否去公园里看天气。（4）与or not连用时。*I dont know wh

11、ether to go or not.（5）在动词discuss后的宾语从句中。*Were discussing whether well hold a sports meeting.3. who, whom, what which, whose, when, where, why, how 连接由特殊疑问词转变而来的宾语从句。注意：When既可引导宾语从句，又可引导状语从句。引导状语从句时要用一般现在时表达将来时。Do you know when he will arrive tomorrow?Ill ring you up when he arrives.三、引导其他从句的连词that,

12、if, whether和what等可引导主语从句，表语从句和定语从句。*What they wear depends on their likes and dislikes.他们的穿着取决于他们的喜好。（主语从句）*The question is whether we can get there on time.问题是我们能否按时到达。（表语从句）易混知识清单一、不能用同时出现在一个句子中的连词1. because（因为），so（所以）不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。*Because he was tired, he couldnt walk there. = He was tired,

13、 so he couldnt walk there.2. (al)though（虽然），but（但是）不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。但though和yet可以同时出现在一个句子里（yet作adv.用）。*Though he was tired, he still worked hard. = He was tired, but he still worked hard.二、if的不同用法If有两个意思，当“是否”讲时，引导宾语从句，意同whether，从句的时态由事实决定；作“假如，如果”讲时，引导条件状语从句，此时若主句为将来时或祈使句时，从句用一般现在时。*We dont know

14、 if it will rain tomorrow.*If it rains, we wont have a sports meeting.我们不知道明天是否下雨。如果下雨，我们就不能开运动会了。三、and和or用于否定句中。1.列举成分是主语，又在否定词之前，用and连接，而在否定词之后的列举成份用or构成完全否定。*I cant sing or dance.*Lucy and Lily cant speak Chinese.2.在否定句中，如果所接的两部分都有否定词，那么用and而不用or连接。*There is no water and no air on the moon.3.在否定句

15、中，without之后若有列举成分用and连接，构成完全否定；而在肯定句中，without之后的列举成分要用or连接 才能构成完全否定。*Man cant live without air and water. = Man will die without air or water.【Enhancing Exercises】.用适当的并列连词填空。1Im a teacher, he is a teacher, too.2Use your head, youll find a good idea.3He finished his homework quite early, didnt do it

16、 very well.4Lily likes piano Lucy doesnt.5Go to see the doctor at once, your cold may get worse.6I asked him to come here, I must stay at home.7The boy went to sleep soon, he was tired.8Its raining outside, I must stay at home.9The old teacher is very tired, she still works very hard.10 he I are goo

17、d at playing football.11She can write speak English very well.12You can leave today tomorrow.13 you he isnt right.14 you he is right.15 you your father draws well.16You can stay in the garden in the reading-room.17The rope is too long too short.18I dont know him, do I know where he comes from.用适当的从属

18、连词填空。1My mother told us the moon is round.2The twins were drawing a car the teacher came in.3I entered the room Miss Gao was talking with my parents.4The baby didnt cry his mother came back.5I went to bed I finished my homework.6He had studied English for a year he came here.7I have lived there for

19、more than ten years I left the army.8She didnt go there he was ill.9 it doesnt rain, well go to the park.10He is old he cant walk fast.11Mr. Han speaks loudly everyone can hear clearly.12Im sorry your watch is broken.13Can you tell me you go there or not?14I wonder you will go there.15 he was very t

20、ired, he went on working hard.Choose the best answer from the four choices( ) 1Please look after the children I am out. Athough Bso that Cthat Dwhile( ) 2Please speak loudly I can hear a little better. Athough Bso that Csuch that Das( ) 3Ring me up you come to my house. Athough Bas Cbefore Dthan( )

21、4More people came I expected. Aas if Bso that Csince Dthan( ) 5You must go I told you. Aafter Bbefore Cwhere Das( ) 6You must do I told you. Aafter Bbefore Cwhere Das( ) 7Class One is large Class Two. Aso.that Basas Csuchthat Dsoas( ) 8They will be thankful for you have done. Awhat Bthat Cwhich Dwho

22、( ) 9I dont know I should choose. Awhy Bwhen Cwhich D what( ) 10I will write to you I get there.Awhile Bas soon as Cas Dsince( ) 11 he is old, he can walk very fast.AIf BAlthough CSince DBecause( ) 12Well go to visit the Wall it rains tomorrow.Asince Bas soon as Cwhen Dunless( ) 13You must get up ea

23、rly tomorrow, I will go there alone.Aor Band Cyet Dfor( ) 14It was raining hard, , the peasants went on with their work.Abut Band Chowever Dalthough( ) 15Do you know Jane is getting on well with her classmates?Awhat Bhow Cthat Dwhich( ) 16He is not only a football player .Abut also plays the piano B

24、but the pianistCbut play the piano as well Dbut a famous pianist( ) 17Its such an interesting story everybody likes it.Aas Bthat Cso that Dwhich( ) 18I dont like him. Id rather in than to play with him.Ato play. To go Bstay, go Cto play, go Dstay, to go( ) 19He is very old, he still works very hard.

25、Aif Bwhen Cand Dbut( ) 20He cant speak clearly loudly.Aor Band Cbut Dsill21Mrs Smith likes music her husband likes sport.Awhile Bor Cfor DsoHomework For ConjuctionsChoose the best answer from the four choices( ) 1. The postage is much I can't pay it.A.as; as B.too; to C.such; that D.so; that( )

26、2. My brother is very tall I am very short.A.whileB.when C.that D.those( ) 3. Could you tell me I can get to the nearest hospital?A.howB.what C.whereD.which( ) 4. My grandfather hasn't learned a foreign language.He can speak English French.A.either; or B.both; and C.not only; but also D.neither;

27、 nor( ) 5. If we want to keep healthy, we should take part in sports running, swimming and skatingA.as; such B.such; as C.such; like D.like; such( ) 6. I will wait for Tim he gets back.A.that B.as C.till D.when( ) 7. Basketball is a nice sport almost everyone in the world enjoys it very much.A.such;

28、 that B.so; that C.so; as D.such; as( ) 8. If you don't work hard, you won't pass the exam.A.orB.so C.andD./( ) 9. Mike always tells us something interesting he is with us.A.as soon as B.while C.since D.before( ) 10. It's four years I came to Shanghai.A.beforeB.when C.sinceD.as( ) 11. I

29、have pens pencils with me.A.no; and B.no; or C.no; no D.not; and( ) 12. Nanjing is not big Shanghai.A.as; asB.as; soC.so; so D.such; as( ) 13. I can't understand this text there are few new words in it.A.becauseB.although C.if D.and( ) 14. The problem is difficult few of us can work it out.A.too

30、; to B.too; that C.very; that D.so; that( ) 15. Do you know Mary will go to see the film with us?A.whereB.if C.who D.what( ) 16. I am sure our team will win the game.A.what B.which C.that D.if( ) 17. I can't understand you mean.A.that B.what C.howD.which( ) 18. His son had entered the university

31、 he came back to China.A.after B.if C.becauseD.before( ) 19. I won't have a rest I have finished my work.A.until B.if C.when D.because( ) 20. He asked I came to Shanghai ? A.why; for B.what; for C.what; to D.why; to( ) 21. Bob spends a lot of money on books he is not rich.A.when B.though C.if D.

32、because( ) 22. Can you tell me she is waiting for?A.whose B.which C.whom D.why( ) 23. You'd better do it your mother did.A.because B.as C.when D.like( ) 24. Excuse me. Do you have a table for two?I'm sorry, there aren't any seats now. Would you mind waiting for a while?A.but B.or C.so D.

33、and( ) 25. Call a taxi, you will miss the train.A.because B.and C.though D.or( ) 26. Why didn't Nick come to school yesterday? he was ill.A.Where B.When C.After D.Because( ) 27. our football team failed in the match, we did our best.A.Though B.As C.But D.Because( ) 28. John fell asleep he was li

34、stening to the music.A.as soon as B.after C.while D.before( ) 29. He was riding to school he was hit by a car this morning.A.as B.when C.so D.while( ) 30. Mr. Smith comes from Australia, but he has worked in China for five years. So you can talk with him .A.either in English or in Chinese B.just in English not i