初中语法主谓一致讲解

1、主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致 主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法上一致，意义上一致，就近一致原则1. 单数名词(代词)或不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数。 The desk is Toms.Some water is in the bottle. The students are playing football on the playground. . 表示时间、价格、重量、长度、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，谓语用单数形式。One and a half hours is enough. Twenty dollars is enough.

2、Two months has passed. Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. . 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： To see is to believe.眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. . 主语为one of , each of等加复数名词或代词，谓语用单数。如：One of my favorite sports is basketball. Each of them has an English dictionary.不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数，例如： Is everyo

3、ne here today？ Something is wrong with him. Nobody was in. . each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Neither answer is correct两个答案都不正确。 . 有些以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等。 No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 . people,poli

4、ce，有些集合名词如crowd, family, team, orchestra（管弦乐队）, group, government, committee, class, school, union, firm, staff, public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时，动词用单数形式，如就其中的各个成员来说，则谓语用复数形式。例如： 1）His family is going to move. 2）His family are very well. 3）The public is / are requested not to leave litte

5、r in the park. 注：如这类词后跟有定语从句时，定语从句的谓语动词也遵循概念一致的原则，强调具体成员时，谓语动词用复数，关系代词用who; 强调整体时，谓语动词用单数，关系代词用which。例如： 1）The government who were responsible for this event attempted to find a solution. 2）The government which was responsible for this event attempted to find a solution. . 由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用

6、复数形式； Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。10 “定冠词+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时，谓语一般用复数。 The Smiths are having dinner.11. a number of+pl.n“许多”表示复数；the number of +pl.n“的数字”表示单数。 A number of famous people were invited to party. 许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。 The number of the students is over eight hundred

7、. 我们学校的学生数超过800人。 12. 当kind of,pair of, glass of 等短语修饰主语时，谓语与kind,pair,glass等一致。 This pair of trousers is very new, but Toms trousers are very old. There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌上有两杯水。 13. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。 The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. 穷人很快乐，富人却过

8、得不快乐。 The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 14. 当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词短语时，谓语动词由主语的单复数决定。与介词短语之后的名词无关。The fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health. Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing f

9、ootball 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 15. or, eitheror，neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语以及here，there开头的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词采用就近原则。 Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是汤姆就是杰克错了。 Either this one or that one is ok. 这一个或那一个都行。There is a book and three pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书，三只钢笔 Here are some books and paper for

10、you. 这是给你的书和纸。 16. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。Swimming and walking are good exercises.The bread and the butter _ their main food. A. is B. are C. has D. haveThe writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师

11、是两个人) 但every, each, no 做定语时，即使用and 连接两个主语，谓语也用单数No teacher and no student has seen the film.Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。No food and no water _in the house. A. is B. has C. are D. have 17. family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。例如： His family isn

12、t large. 他家的人不多。 My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。 18. 单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there.19. all/most/half/the rest of+名词，lots of/ a lot of/plenty of+ 名词，分数/百分数+名词作主语，谓语动词由of后面的名词的数保持一致。All of my students work hard.All of the oil is gone.20. 定语

13、从句中关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。like the music that is interesting.I like the people who are friendly.21.名词性物主代词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。Your classroom is small.Ours (=our classroom) is big.Your shoes are white, Mine (= my shoes) are black.22.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Betwee

14、n the two buildings is a big tree.24.population 作主语，作“人口”讲时，谓语常用单数形式；当它作“人们”讲时，谓语常用复数形式。另外，当分数、百分比数修饰 population 作主语时，谓语常用复数形式。 The population of China is very large.Two thirds of Chinese population are farmers.25.What从句做主语，表语是复数，谓语动词用复数What the students need _ good books. A. is B. are C. have D. ha

15、s26. None of 后面只能跟可数名词复数形式，谓语动词单复数形式都可以。 None of those books are/is good. 那些书当中没有一本是好的。27. 国家、单位和书报的名称，作为一个单一的概念，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： War and Peace is the longest book Ive read. 28. 如果名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数 + of + 名词”，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。例如： 1）Over three-quarters of the swampland has been reclaimed.

16、2）Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan. 29. 定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词一致。例如： 1）He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group. 2）“Keep cool” is the first of the rules that are to be remembered in an accident. 注：当one之前有the only等限定词修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。例如： He is the only one of th

17、ose boys who is willing to take on another assignment. 30. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如： A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。 31. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。 Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。 32.more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。例如： More than one student has ever been t

18、o Beijing. Exercise 1. Miss Huang together with her friends _ shopping every Sunday evening. A. go B. went C. going D. goes2. The United Nations _ in 1945. A. are set up B. were set up C. was set up D. is set up3. Ten kilometers _ way.A. are quite long B. are quite a long C. is quite a long D. is a

19、quite long4. How many students are there in your class? - _ the students in our class _ over fifty. A. The number of; is B. The number of; are C. A number of; is D. A number of; are5. Look! There _ playing with the children on Dongfeng Square.A. are a number of deer B. is a number of deer C. are a n

20、umber of deers D. is a number of deers6. Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began. A. was B. were C. is D. are7. Each of the students _ a dictionary. A. have B. has C. is D. are8. Will your sister go to visit Dalian during this summer vacation? If I don't go,   

21、          .A.neither will she B.neither does she C.so will she D.so did she9. The Greens _ France since the spring of 1990. A. have been to B. have been in C. has been to D. had been in10. How many teachers are there in your school? - About 150. One

22、third of them _ men teachers. A. have B. has C. are D. is11. When and where to go for the holiday _ yet. A. have not been decided B. is not decided C. are not decided D. has not been decided12.His hobby is             taking photos

23、0;            collecting stamps. It's growing flowers.A.either; or B.both; and C.not only; but also D.neither; nor13. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, Lucy? No, I haven't. What about you?       

24、0;     .A.So do I B.Me, neither C.Me, too D.So have I14. Your trousers _ dirty, you must have _ washed. A. is, them B. are, it C. are, them D. is, it15. Not only the student but also Mr. Smiths _ tired of having one examination. A. is B. are C. was D. were16. My brother aske

25、d me ten questions. The first five were easy, but the rest _ difficult. A. were B. are C. was D. is17. The poor _ happy; but the rich _ sad. A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is18. John and his uncle _ going hiking tomorrow. A. be B. am C. is D. are19. Either my friends or I _ going to the li

26、brary on Monday. A. is B. be C. am D. are20. Why did you choose English instead of Japanese? - Because Japanese _ as popular as English. A. isnt B. arent C. has been D. have been21. To save time _ to lengthen life. A. are B. was C. were D. is22. Never in the life_ of such a thing. A.he has heard B.h

27、as he heard C.he heard D.did he hear23. The Chinese _ peace but they arent afraid of war. A. love B. loves C. loved D. loving24. Not only _ to speak English ,but also he learns to write in English.A.he learns B.does he learn C.has he learnt D.he has learnt25. Nothing _ difficult in the world, _ it?

28、A. are, are B. is, isnt C. are, arent D. is, is26. On the east of the river _ three buildings. A. lies B. stands C. stand D. are standing27 Xiao Dong is one of the best students in his class who _ by their teacher. A. praises B. is praised C. praise D. are praised28. Swimming in the pool with the ch

29、ildren _ very interesting. A. has B. have C. is D. are29. _ politics difficult for you to learn? A. Are B. Do C. Does D. Is30. No news _ good news. A. am B. are C. is D. be31. John with his uncle _ going hiking tomorrow. A. be B. am C. is D. are32. Jimmys family _ a large one. The whole family _ wat

30、ching TV. A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is33. Half of the apple _ bad. A. are B. is C. were D. has34. The singer and dancer _ yet. A. dont come B. didnt come C. havent come D. hasnt come35. With the help of people the number of pandas _ more and more. A. is getting B. are getting C. got D. hasnt got36. _ that pair of new _ Tonys? A. Are; shoes B. Is; shoes C. Are; shoes D. Is; shoe37. The number of people invited_fifty,but a number of th