《干校六记》评析

1、原文片段及英译文赏析分析原作，着重了解原作者的意图和原作具有分析原作，着重了解原作者的意图和原作具有的功能。的功能。分析译者翻译原作的目的、所采用的方法及译分析译者翻译原作的目的、所采用的方法及译作针对或者可能吸引的读者对象；作针对或者可能吸引的读者对象；从原作与译作中选择有代表性的文字进行详细从原作与译作中选择有代表性的文字进行详细的对比研究；的对比研究；从宏观与微观的角度评价译作，包括译者采用从宏观与微观的角度评价译作，包括译者采用的技巧与译作的质量等方面的内容。的技巧与译作的质量等方面的内容。评价译作在译语文化或科学中的作用与地位。评价译作在译语文化或科学中的作用与地位。（周仪，罗平，（

2、周仪，罗平， 2005）译者在具体作品中所感观的世界与作者意译者在具体作品中所感观的世界与作者意欲表现的世界是否吻合（思想内容、思想欲表现的世界是否吻合（思想内容、思想倾向、思维程度）？倾向、思维程度）？译者所使用的翻译方法和手段与作者的具译者所使用的翻译方法和手段与作者的具体创作方法及技巧（包括艺术安排、技巧、体创作方法及技巧（包括艺术安排、技巧、语言手段）是否统一？语言手段）是否统一？译者对读者的意图、目的与效果与原作对译者对读者的意图、目的与效果与原作对读者的意图、目的与效果是否一致（包括读者的意图、目的与效果是否一致（包括对读者审美的期待及读者的反应）？对读者审美的期待及读者的反应）？

3、审校译文审校译文欣赏介绍欣赏介绍评估选拔评估选拔教学示范教学示范形散而神不散叙事、状物、抒情散文的真、情、美散文翻译也要围绕真、情、美干校六记是杨绛的作品。杨绛，原名杨季康，江苏无锡人，1911年生于北京，中国社会科学院外国文学研究所研究员，作家、评论家、翻译家，长期既从事创作，又从事理论研究及翻译实践。主要作品有剧本称心如意、弄假成真和风絮，长篇小说洗澡，短篇小说集倒影集，散文集干校六记和将饮菜等。其中享有最高声誉的有干校六记和洗澡，并翻译出版过的作品包括：一九三九年以来英国散文作品、西班牙名著小癞子、堂吉诃德、法国名著吉尔布拉斯等。干校六记1981年出版，畅销于整个80年代，在港澳台均出版

4、了繁体字单行本，并被译成多种外国文字在国外出版。该散文集包括下放记别、凿井记劳、学圃记闲、“小趋”记情、冒险记事、误传记妄等六篇比如学圃记闲，记述了作者在干校期间，学习种菜的经历。在不动声色的描写里，作者流露出鲜明的爱憎。文中尽管只是三言两语、一个细节，抑或是几句对话，但它们却勾勒出丰富复杂的思想感情，引起读者强烈的共鸣。整部散文集，用的委实是井旁圃中的家常言语，记的也不过是下放之别、凿井之劳、种圃之闲、冒险之幸、小狗的人情世故和由传闻而生的妄思，以及由此引发出的种种感慨。然而，这些看似闲常之笔，仔细想来却微言大义，颇为耐人寻味。干校六记的艺术特色体现在：1、干校六记记叙的是作者1970年7月

5、至1972年3月被迫下放到“五七”干校劳动改造的一段生活。这一事情本身就属于动乱时代的人生荒谬，蕴涵着极左政治对知识分子从肉体到精神的摧残与迫害。但作者却写得恬淡自然，从容大度，避开了社会政治的人生观照，而以边缘人的达观诙谐，表现了作家在逆境中的洒脱与镇静，体现出学者式的智慧与风范。作者以边缘心态解构荒谬的时代环境，表现出别一种自我的生命力量。2、作品中并没有正面描写干校里摧残人性的大事件，只是通过衣食住行、同志之谊、夫妻之情等琐碎之事，以个性化的审视角度反映出那个特殊的年代以及知识分子的命运。作品以轻盈空灵的笔调，刚柔相济的情思，漫不经意但却浑然天成的结构，平淡朴素但却耐人寻味的语言，展现出

6、独具特色的艺术魅力，展示出一位老作家的赤子之心和善良情怀，也为散文创作提供了新的审美样式。3、作品的另一显著特色是其既幽默又泰然的艺术格调。作者在追忆所经历的种种不公待遇时，处处带着“回头一笑”的宽容，以如话家常般的从容，娓娓道来，妙语连珠，涉笔成趣，从凝重阴暗的生活底色上呈现出纯朴、动人的光彩，显示了真正审美意义上发达的智慧与宽厚的境界。作者写到在干校时编的门帘、积的肥、沤的绿肥、种的菜被当地百姓连偷带拾去时，既让人感受到当地人民生活的贫困，又令人忍俊不禁。而当我们读到作者去收获他们精心培育的“象牙萝卜”时，也几乎要如同作品中的“我”一样，笑得“跌坐地下”。正因如此，学圃记闲等反映干校生活的

7、纪实散文，以其无穷的韵味，赢得了读者广泛的欣赏和好评。“学学圃记圃记闲闲”我在我在菜园菜园里拔里拔草间草间苗，苗，村里村里的小的小姑娘姑娘跑来跑来闲看。闲看。“The Vegetable Garden: On Idleness”When I was pulling out weeds some of the young girls from the village came to watch.“Leisure Between Chores at the Vegetable Garden”Once, as I was weeding in the vegetable garden, two yo

8、ung girls from the village came to visit me.“Leisure: Tending a Vegetable Plot” Whenever I was weeding and pruning in the vegetable plot, some of the village girls would run over to watch me work. 我学着我学着她们的她们的乡音，乡音，可以和可以和他们攀他们攀话。话。I imitated their local accent and struck up a conversation with them.

9、I carried on a conversation with them by imitating their native dialect, albeit imperfectly.Once I had mastered their local speech I passed the time of day with them. 我把细小我把细小的绿苗送的绿苗送给她们，给她们，她们就帮她们就帮我拔草。我拔草。I gave them some green seedlings and they helped me with the weeding.I gave them some surplus

10、 young seedlings and they in return helped me in the weeding.I gave them some of the smaller twigs and they helped me do the weeding.她们称她们称男人为男人为“大男大男人人”；十二、十二、三岁的三岁的小姑娘，小姑娘，已由父已由父母之命母之命定下终定下终身。身。They called all males “big men”, and though none of them were old enough to be married they were all abo

11、ut twelve or thirteen their parents had already chosen their future mates. They referred to their men folk as “big daddies”. Their marriages were arranged by their parents; even girls as young as twelve or thirteen were promised in future marriages. They referred to their men folk as “the big guys”.

12、 They were all young girls of twelve or thirteen whose future marriages had been arranged by their parents.这小姑这小姑娘告诉娘告诉我那小我那小姑娘已姑娘已有婆家；有婆家；那小姑那小姑娘一面娘一面害羞抵害羞抵赖，一赖，一面说这面说这小姑娘小姑娘也有婆也有婆家了。家了。One girl pointed to a friend who, she said, already had “in-laws”. The girl in question blushed shyly and denied

13、it, claiming that it was actually the girl who had been speaking who had the in-laws. One girl pointed a finger at the other one, saying, “She has been engaged and is expecting to be married soon.” Embarrassed, the latter retaliated and said, “She has been promised in marriage to a family too.” One

14、of them told me that one of the others had already been accepted by her in-laws. This comment obviously embarrassed the girl referred to, who denied the charge and turned it right back to the first girl.她们都不她们都不识字。识字。Neither of them could read.Both were illiterate. Neither of them was literate.我寄居的老

15、乡家是比较富裕的，两个十岁我寄居的老乡家是比较富裕的，两个十岁上下的儿子不用看牛赚钱，都上学；可是上下的儿子不用看牛赚钱，都上学；可是他们十七、八岁的姊姊却不识字。他们十七、八岁的姊姊却不识字。译文一：The family I had been staying with was relatively well off neither of their two ten-year-old boys had to earn their pocket money by herding cows, and both of them were still going to school, though t

16、heir eighteen-year-old sister was illiterate. 译文二：The family with which I stayed when I first arrived was comparatively well-to-do. Two boys about ten years old were attending school, as there was no need for them to herd cows for a little extra income. However, their sister, about seventeen or eigh

17、teen years old, was illiterate. 译文三：The family I had lived with for a while in another village was better off than the families of these girls; their two sons, who were in the neighborhood of ten years of age, didnt need to tend oxen to make a little money, but were both in school. Their seventeen-

18、or eighteen-year-old sister, on the other hand, was illiterate. 她已由父母之命、媒妁之言，和邻村译为年貌相当的解放军战士订婚。译文一：Her parents had used a matchmaker to find a husband for her and she was engaged. The young man was a Peoples Liberation Army soldier from a neighboring village who was about the same age as she was. 译文

19、二：She had been engaged to a soldier of the Liberation Army from a neighboring village through a marriage broker at the insistence of her parents. 译文三：Her parents had enlisted the aid of a matchmaker, and the girl was already engaged to be married to a PLA soldier whose age and appearance were just r

20、ight. 两人从两人从未见过未见过面。那面。那位解放位解放军给未军给未婚妻写婚妻写了一封了一封信，并信，并寄了照寄了照片。片。They had never met, and he wrote her a letter with a picture of himself inside; The couple had never met. The young man had sent his fiance a letter and a photograph of himself.The two of them had never laid eyes on one another, but the

21、 soldier had written his fiance a letter and sent her a photograph. 他小学他小学程度，程度，相貌是相貌是浑朴的浑朴的庄稼人。庄稼人。he only had a primary-school education and had the solid honest look of a peasant.From the photograph, he looked like a person of solid peasant stock and had received a primary school education. Both

22、his level of education and his appearance were those of a simple farmer.姑娘的父母因为和我同姓，称我为“俺大姑”；他们请我代笔回信。译文一： Her parents called me “elder sister” because we had the same surname, and they asked me to write a reply to the boy from their daughter. 译文二： The girls parents happened to share the same surnam

23、e with us so I was addressed as “cousin”. It therefore became the “cousins” duty to write a reply to the future son-in-law.译文三：The girls family and I shared the same surname, so they called me “Auntie”; they asked me to write a letter for them in reply. 我举笔半天，想不出一句合适的话；后来还是同屋你一句，我一句拼凑了一封信。译文一：I aske

24、d for some suggestions from my room-mates as to what to write, and then sat, pen in hand, staring at the paper in front of me for a long time. 译文二：I held the pen for a long time without putting down a single appropriate word. Finally, the people who shared the dwelling with me made their contributio

25、ns one sentence here and another sentence there. The letter was thus haphazardly patched together. 译文三：But I sat there, pen in hand, for the longest time without coming up with a single appropriate line, until finally my room-mate and I put our heads together and managed to compose a letter. 那位解放那位解

26、放军连姑娘军连姑娘的照片都的照片都没见过。没见过。Her future husband had never seen her picture.But the soldier was not favored with a picture of his fiance. The soldier had to do without a photograph of his intended.村里十五、六岁的大小子，不知怎么回事，好像成天都闲来无事的，背着个大筐，见什么，拾什么。译文一： I was constantly amazed that the young boys in the village,

27、 all of them in their mid-teens, never seemed to have anything better to do than wander around with large wicker baskets tied to their backs, throwing into them whatever they laid their eyes on. 译文二： Surprisingly, young men of fifteen or sixteen from the villages didnt seem to have regular work to d

28、o. They spent much of their time in small groups loitering around. With big baskets hanging on their backs, they searched for kindling here and there. 译文三： For some reason, the fifteen-and-sixteen-year-old boys from the village seemed to loaf around all day long with nothing to do. With large basket

29、s slung over their shoulders, whenever they saw something that interested them, they picked it up. 有时七八成群，把旁边不及胳膊粗的树拔下，大伙儿用树干在地上拍打，“哈！哈！哈！”粗声訇喝着围猎野兔。译文一： Sometimes seven or eight of them would band together to hunt rabbits by beating the ground with sticks made from small stripped saplings, screamin

30、g and shouting all the while. 译文二： Occasionally they pulled up trees of considerable size and beat the ground with them, yelling in unison, “HaHaHa” in order to scare up wild jack rabbits. 译文三： Sometimes they went out in groups of seven or eight and uprooted young trees alongside the road that were

31、no bigger around than a mans arm. Then they would smack the ground with them and shout loudly “Ha! Ha! Ha!” as they hunted around for wild rabbits.有一次，有一次，三四个三四个小伙子小伙子闯到菜闯到菜地里来地里来大吵大大吵大叫。叫。我我忙赶去。忙赶去。Once, when a few of them came stomping into the vegetable garden making a great commotion, I rushed o

32、ver to see what was going on. Once, three or four youngsters rushed into my vegetable garden, yelling at the top of their lungs,Three or four of them came rushing into our vegetable plot one day, clamoring and yelling for all they were worth. 他们说菜畦（qi）里有“猫”。“猫”就是兔子。我说：这里没有猫。译文一： They told me they we

33、re after “cats” “cats” being the word they used for rabbit. I had barely finished telling them that our vegetable garden didnt have any “cats” in it when 译文二： , “A cat! a cat!” In their dialect, cat and rabbit were synonymous. I went out to have a look and told them there was no cat in the vegetable

34、 garden. 译文三： They said there was a “cat” in one of the vegetable beds. “Cats” were what they called rabbits. I told them there were no cats here. 躲在菜叶底下的那头兔子自知藏身不住，一道光似的直窜出去。兔子跑得快，狗追不上。译文一： when a rabbit that had been hiding under a leafy vegetable nearby suddenly sprinted for safety. It was so fas

35、t that they had to send their dogs to hunt it down. 译文二： But the rabbit hiding there knew that he had been detected and rushed out like a flash of lightning. 译文三： The rabbit that was hiding among the cabbage leaves knew instinctively that there wasnt enough cover to protect him, so he darted out like a flash. He was much too fast for any of the dogs chasing him, 可是几条狗在猎人指使下分头追赶，兔子几回转折，给三四条狗团团围住。译文一：（It was so fast that）they had to send their dogs to hunt it down. For a few moments, there was some furious running and dodging before the rabbit was cornered by the four yelping animals. 译文二：S