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1、 A Fundamental Technique in Handling People -Dale CarnegieAbout the title1.Do you find it easy to deal with people? What is your problem? 2. Do you follow certain principles of your own in handling interpersonal relationships? If yes, what are they?3.What is the “fundamental technique in handling pe
2、ople” according to the author? 4.Can we do away with criticism altogether? Fundamental Techniques in Handling People “If You Want to Gather Honey, Dont Kick Over the Beehive” Here is an important principle in relationships: dont criticize, condemn or complain. People rarely blame themselves for anyt
3、hing, so if you criticize them not only are they unlikely to change, but also they may resent toward you. Fundamental Techniques in Handling People The Big Secret of Dealing with People Just to get the appreciation they need. So be a person who give honest and sincere appreciation to others. Thats t
4、he big secret of dealing with people. If you do that, you cant keep people from liking you.Introduction of the author: Dale Carnegie Dale Breckenridge Carnegie (November 24, 1888 November 1, 1955) was an American writer, lecturer, and the developer of famous courses in self-improvement, salesmanship
5、, corporate training, public speaking, and interpersonal skills. His Famous Works: He was the author of How to Win Friends and Influence People (1936), a massive bestseller that remains popular today. He also wrote How to Stop Worrying and Start Living (1948), Lincoln the Unknown (1932), and several
6、 other books. One of the core ideas in his books is that it is possible to change other peoples behavior by changing ones behavior toward them.How to Win Friends and Influence Peoplemake friends quickly and easily1increase your popularity2win people to your way of thinking3enable you to win new clie
7、nts and customers4become a better speaker and a more entertaining conversationalist5arouse enthusiasm among your colleagues6ThemeIn handling people, we should be cautious in offering criticism, but be generous in showing understanding and giving praise.StructurePart I: Para. 1 Criticism is usually f
8、utile and often dangerous in handling peoplePart II: Para. 2-21 Lets learn a few lessons in handling people.Part III: Para. 22-23 Instead of criticizing, condemning and complaining, lets try to understand people. Part 2 (Paras. 2-21)A. (para. 2-4): As a young man, Lincoln learned not to ridicule peo
9、ple.B. (para. 5-11): As President, Lincoln learned to put himself in the position of the person he intended to criticize.C. (para. 12-14): A stinging response to criticism should be avoided.D. (para. 15-16): Criticism could ruin ones career and even kill him.E. (para. 17-21): Character and self-cont
10、rol are needed for understanding and forgiving, which are great and sweet and really working.StructureCheck-on Preview Match the words with their correct meaning in the text. 1. blunder2. impair3. procrastinate4. indignation5. opponenta. a feeling of anger and surprise caused by sth. that is unfair
11、or unreasonableb. to make a stupid or careless mistakec. a person that you oppose in a game, contest, argument, etc.d. to damage sb. or make sth. worsee. a feeling of hatred for sb. that causes a desire to harm sb.f. to delay doing sth. you should do, usually because you do not want to do itText Ana
12、lysisDetailed AnalysisPart I: Main Idea1. Why does the author mention B. F. Skinners experiments? 2. Animals learn better through encouragement than through punishment. Humans are the same. Do you agree? Do you think humans and animals are comparable in this respect?3. Do you agree with the reasons
13、that the author give for saying “criticism is futile?”Words and Expressions:retain: (para. 1) 1. to keep someone or somethinge.g. These plans encourage the elderly to retain their independence. Were trying to recruit and retain skilled staff.2. to remember ideas or informatione.g. I shall retain a l
14、asting and fond memory of him. Detailed discussion: (much / far / a little / a bit) more than (Para. 1) Translate: 在热闹的都市里骑自行车往往比坐汽车方便得多。在热闹的都市里骑自行车往往比坐汽车方便得多。 A bicycle is often far more convenient than a car in busy cities. 杰克赚的钱实际上比他告诉吉姆的要多一些。杰克赚的钱实际上比他告诉吉姆的要多一些。 Jack had got a bit more money tha
15、n he opened to Jim. Words and Expressions:apply: (para. 1) 1. request for a job or a place in a college or university, or for permission to do or have something e.g. We advertised three jobs, and over 50 people applied. apply for: I would like to apply for the job. apply to: You have to apply to the
16、 passport office for a visa. apply to do something: Bill is applying to join the fire service.2. to affect or be relevant to a particular person or thing apply to: The discount no longer applies to him, because hes over eighteen.Detailed discussion: Criticism is usually futile because it puts a pers
17、on on the defensive and strive to justify himself. (Para. 1) Paraphrase: Criticism does not work because it causes the criticized one to defend himself and try everything he can to show he does not deserve the criticism (rather than listen to you and think). Words and Expressions:put sb on the defen
18、sive: (para. 1) to make sb try to defend himself from attacks or criticismstrive : (para. 1) to attempt by employing effort; to exert much effort or energy奋斗奋斗,努力努力,力求力求,斗争斗争e.g. The scientists strive for a breakthrough in cancer research. We should all strive to reunify the motherland. He is strivi
19、ng to get promotion. Words and Expressions:justify: (para. 1) to show that there is a good reason for something, especiallysomething that other people think is wrong 证明证明有道理有道理e.g. Youll be expected to justify your actions. It was becoming increasingly difficult to justify such expenditure.justify y
20、ourself (to someone)to explain to someone the reason why you did something, especially when they think you have done something wronge.g. I dont see why I should justify myself to you. Words and Expressions:arouse: (para. 1) call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses); stop sleeping; cause to beco
21、me awake or conscious 唤醒,激起唤醒,激起e.g. This aroused my suspicion. His sufferings aroused our sympathy. He fell into a sound sleep, dont arouse him.Detailed AnalysisPart II (para. 2-4): Main Idea1. In what way is the writer familiar with Lincoln?2. What kind of person was Lincoln in his early years? 3.
22、 What was his problem with Mr. James Shields? 4. Why does the author mention Lincolns experiences as a lawyer?Detailed discussion: I have made as detailed and exhaustive a study as it is possible for any being to make. (para.3) Examples: We should work hard to achieve as high a growth rate as possib
23、le. 我们应该努力实现尽可能高的增长率。我们应该努力实现尽可能高的增长率。 Due regard must also be paid to recruiting the staff on as wide a geographical basis as possible. 征聘人员时还应充分注意征聘人员时还应充分注意“使他们来自尽可能广阔的地域使他们来自尽可能广阔的地域”。 Detailed discussion: I have made as detailed and exhaustive a study as it is possible for any being to make. (p
24、ara.3) Paraphrase: I believe my study of his personality and home life is the most detailed and thorough of all. Words and Expressions:exhaustive: (para. 3) Adj. thorough or complete 与之经常搭配的词有与之经常搭配的词有 work、inquiries、 research、investigation、treatment 等。等。 e.g. This is a piece of exhaustive work. 这是一
25、部完美的作品。这是一部完美的作品。exhausting: 现在分词,作形容词使用,现在分词,作形容词使用,“使竭尽的使竭尽的”、“使疲惫的使疲惫的”(to make empty or tire out)。与之经常搭配使用的词有)。与之经常搭配使用的词有day, job, task, experiment等。等。 e.g. This is a piece of exhausting work. 这是一部耗费精力的作品。这是一部耗费精力的作品。exhausted: 过去分词,意为过去分词,意为“空竭的空竭的”、“疲惫的疲惫的”(fatigued or tired),用作表语形容词,放在连系动词之后
26、。),用作表语形容词,放在连系动词之后。 e.g. After taking part in the cleaning campaign,the children were much exhausted.Words and Expressions:indulge: (para. 3) 1. to allow yourself to have or do something that you enjoy indulge yourself (in something): Indulge yourself come on a gourmet (美食家)美食家)food weekend.2. to l
27、et someone have or do whatever they want, even if it is bad for them Some Indian people indulge in extravagant wedding. Do not always indulge in empty talk. 别总是纸上谈兵。别总是纸上谈兵。Words and Expressions:do something once too often: (para. 3) to cause trouble for yourself by repeating dangerous, stupid, or a
28、nnoying behavior. once too often 又一次又一次. (指超过限度而发生问题指超过限度而发生问题);多次幸免此次遭殃;多次幸免此次遭殃; 多次成功此次受挫多次成功此次受挫e.g. He exceeded the speed limit once too often and was fined10.e.g. Hes insulted me once too often. Hes going to regret this!Words and Expressions:invaluable: (para. 4) priceless; very valuable e.g. B
29、ut the experience they will gain is invaluable. 但他们从此获得的经验是无价的。但他们从此获得的经验是无价的。 valueless:of no value e.g. This book is totally valueless to me. 这本书对我来说毫无价值。这本书对我来说毫无价值。Detailed AnalysisPart II (para. 5-11): Main Idea1. Why does the author mention Lincolns experience in the Civil War?2. What did Gene
30、ral Meade do wrong?3. How would you describe Lincolns letter to General Meade ?4. What happened after the writing of that letter? Why?Detailed discussion: , and each one in turn blundered tragically and drove Lincoln to pacing the floor in despair. (para.5)pace the floorpace the room 在房间里踱来踱去在房间里踱来踱
31、去Paraphrase: , and every general he had trusted made serious mistakes one by one and almost drove him crazy. Detailed discussion: Half the nation condemned these incompetent generals, but Lincoln, “with malice towards none, with charity for all”, held his peace. (para.5) malice: A desire to harm oth
32、ers or to see others suffer; extreme ill will or spite. charity: Benevolence or generosity toward others or toward humanity. hold ones peace v. 闭口不说闭口不说 hold ones tongue 保持沉默保持沉默. Paraphrase: While so many people in the nation criticized the generals for their poor performance, Lincoln, with the pri
33、ncipal of “blame nobody; forgive everybody” remained cool with the generals. Detailed discussion: One of his favorite quotations was “Judge not, that ye be not judged.”(para.5) This quotation comes from the Bible-Matthew7-1, which means: Do not judge others, for if you do, others will judge you by t
34、he same measure you use. Words and Expressions:retire / retreat / withdraw retire: 指从公开或公共场合退下到私下场所,也指被免除职务指从公开或公共场合退下到私下场所,也指被免除职务 或自动辞职、退役等。或自动辞职、退役等。retreat: 含消极意味,多指被迫采取退下或退却的行动。含消极意味,多指被迫采取退下或退却的行动。withdraw: 侧重因某种原因而有意撤出,常含礼貌、谦恭等理由。侧重因某种原因而有意撤出,常含礼貌、谦恭等理由。 也指军队的撤退。也指军队的撤退。After several reverses
35、 the enemy was forced to _.The old worker decided to _ to the country.He wanted to _ his name from the guest list.Words and Expressions:procrastinate: to delay doing something until later, usually something that you do not want to doe.g. He procrastinated until it was too late to do anything at all.
36、 他因循坐误,一事无成。他因循坐误,一事无成。 Do not procrastinate what you ought to do. 不要拖延你应该作的事。不要拖延你应该作的事。Words and Expressions:restraint: n. the limit or control of the expression of strong emotion or opinione.g. The police appealed to the crowd for restraint. 警方呼吁群众保持克制。警方呼吁群众保持克制。 Nobody could count on his restra
37、int or rationality. 谁也不能指望他会克制或讲道理的态度。谁也不能指望他会克制或讲道理的态度。 restrain: v.to prevent someone or yourself from doing somethinge.g. Please restrain yourself from coughing during the performance.Detailed discussion: I do not believe you appreciate the magnitude of the misfortune involved in Lees escape. (pa
38、ra.9) Paraphrase: I dont think you fully understand what a big mistake you made in letting Lee escape or what serious consequences it will entail.Words and Expressions:prolong / delay / postpone / defer / suspend / put off prolong: 指把时间延长至超过正常或通常的限度。指把时间延长至超过正常或通常的限度。delay: 普通用词,多指因外界原因推迟或耽误。普通用词,多指
39、因外界原因推迟或耽误。postpone:正式用词,语气较强,多指有安排的延期,常指明延期到一定的时间。正式用词,语气较强,多指有安排的延期,常指明延期到一定的时间。defer: 正式用词,语气强于正式用词,语气强于postpone,多指故意拖延。,多指故意拖延。suspend: 指暂时中断以待某种条件的实现。指暂时中断以待某种条件的实现。put off: 口语用词,与口语用词,与postpone同义,但较通俗。同义,但较通俗。Words and Expressions:prolong / delay / postpone / defer / suspend / put off We wish
40、to _ our decision until next week.His license was _ after a drink-driving conviction.How can we endeavor to _ human life?The flight _ because of the bad weather.Our exam has been _ until next Monday.He was glad to have an excuse to _ telling her the news.defersuspendedprolongwas delayedpostponedput
41、offDetailed discussion: Anyhow, it is water under the bridge now. (para.11) Paraphrase: Anyhow, the thing is past and gone. It is used for saying that you should stop thinking about sth bad that happened in the past and you should forgive people who did bad things.Detailed discussion: If I send this
42、 letter, it will only arouse hard feelings and impair all his further usefulness as a commander. (para.11) Paraphrase: If this letter reaches him, it will only serve to hurt his confidence and make him feel inadequate as a commander, which will affect his performance in the future because he will ne
43、ver be his best again. Review: Translate: 他的讲话不能保持住听众的兴趣。他的讲话不能保持住听众的兴趣。(retain) His speech could not retain the interest of his audience. 这些规则原理是用来学外语的。这些规则原理是用来学外语的。(apply) These principles apply to learning foreign languages. 我们共同努力我们共同努力,实现祖国统一。实现祖国统一。 (strive) We should all strive to unify the
44、motherland.Review: Translate: 他不得不为自己的行为辩白。他不得不为自己的行为辩白。 (justify) He had to justify himself for his conduct. 这引起了我的怀疑。这引起了我的怀疑。(arouse) This aroused my suspicion. 他对这个问题进行了彻底的研究。他对这个问题进行了彻底的研究。 (exhaustive) He has made an exhaustive study of the problem.Review: Translate: 由于时间仓促,记者们往往很少有机会能按照自己爱好的由
45、于时间仓促,记者们往往很少有机会能按照自己爱好的 风格写稿。风格写稿。 (indulge in) As a result of the haste, reporters frequently have little opportunity to indulge in their own stylistic preferences. 警方呼吁群众保持克制。警方呼吁群众保持克制。(restraint) The police appealed to the crowd for restraint. 部队从沦陷的城市安全撤出。部队从沦陷的城市安全撤出。(retreat) The troop succe
46、ssfully retreated from the occupied city. Detailed AnalysisPart II (para. 12-15): Main Idea1. What was Mark Twains reaction towards criticism in para. 12? Is it appropriate? 2. Is the author correct in saying the quotation in para.14 is from Confucius? Another saying, which is really by Confucius, w
47、ould be more suitable here. What is it?3. Do you agree with the author when he says humans are “creatures of emotion, creatures bristling with prejudices, and motivated by pride and vanity?”Detailed discussion: The thing for you is a burial permit. (para.12) Paraphrase: The thing you need is a buria
48、l permit./ You really have no reason to live in this world. This is extremely cruel and insulting. Mark Twain was wild with anger at the time. He couldnt really mean to deliver the letter.Words and Expressions: in favor of: supporting a person or an idea, proposal etc that you believe is right e.g.
49、Those in favour of the motion, please raise your hands now. be all in favour of sb. / sth.: e.g. I am all in favour of trying to find ways to save money.Words and Expressions: bristle with sth: to have a lot of sth. e.g. The project was bristling with difficulties. She bristle with anger at the mention of his name.Detailed discussion: But it takes character and self-control to be understanding and forgiving. (para.1
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