现在完成时态中终止性动词与延续性动词

1、现在完成时态中终止性动词与延续性动词英语中的动词根据词汇意义可分为动作动词和状态动词，其中动作动词又可细分为终止性动词（或称为瞬间动词、非延续性动词、 非持续性动词、界限性动词）和持续性动词（或称为延续性动词）；表示动作一发生即告结束的动词叫终止性动词，表示持续一段 时间的动词叫持续性动词。 这种依据动作是否可以延续的分类在英语中是一种极其重要而又非常有价值的， 使用时一定要格外小心， 不然就会犯错误。一、现在完成时态的结构是have/has +V动词过去分词.英语中常见的终止性动词有：leave , go, come , arrive, begin ,buy， borrow ， die， j

2、oin， become ， marry ， graduate ， become 等。由于终止性动词所表示的动作发生与结束在一瞬间完成，所 以终止性动词的完成体的肯定式既不能与表示一段时间的状语 for 时间段或 since 时间点连用,也不能用在 how long 引导的 特殊疑问句之中。例句：我哥哥参军两年了。 My brother has joined the army for two years .（误）我哥哥自 1999 年就参军了。 My brother has joined the army since 1999.（误）你哥哥参军多久了？ How long has your bro

3、ther joined the army ？（误）如用持续性动词表示瞬间的行为，则必须借助come （表示动作的渐进过程），begin， get （表示动作的变化过程）等动词。例句：I studied English thirteen years ago .（误）I began to study English thirteen years ago .（正）When did you know him ？（误）When did you get to know him ？（正）二、终止性动词肯定形式可使用完成体，但其肯定形式的完成体不能与一段时间状语连用。可用以下三种方法替换：时态替换法将时间状语

4、改为 时间段+ ago” ,句中谓语动词用一般过去时。例句：My brother joined the army two years ago .The old man died ten years ago .He left his hometown thirty years ago .句型替换法用It is （或has been ） +时间段+since句型改写，该句型中since后面的谓语动词多为点动词，且常用一般过去时。例句：It is （或 has been ） two years since my brother joined the armyIt is ten years since

5、 the old man died .It is （或 has been ） thirty years since he left his hometown注： Itishasbeen . since .句型中的动词若为持续性动词，计时的起点是 since 句中动词结束之点。不然应将 since 句中的动词改为 begin to do sth .。例句：It's five years since he studied English .他不学英语已五年了。It's five years since he began to study English .他学英语已五年了用一段时间

6、+ has /have passed since S + V-ed句型改写。例句：Two years has have passed since my brother joined the army Thirty years has / have passed since he left his hometown 动词替换法若保留 for 时间段， since 时间点或用在 how long 句型中，需将终止性动词改为相应的持续性动词或状态动词。例句：My brother has been in the army for two years Jack has been a postman fo

7、r about six years When he came home ，I had been asleep for three hours Of course I know him very well because we have been friends for ages How long have you been here ？ About two months 三、常见终止性动词与持续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下：leave 宀 be away (from ) 离开 borrow t keep 借 finish / end / stop t be over 结束/完成join

8、the armyt b/ serve in the army /be a soldier 入伍 /参军join the Party tbe in the Party/be a Party member 入党 /(入团 /入 WTO 等)catch /get a cold t have a cold感冒 fall asleept be asleep垂着go to schooltbe in schoo/l be a student 上学 go abroad- be abroad去国外begin Tbe on 开始 put on (上演)t be on 上演 buyt have 买 becomeT

9、be 成为 marry t be married (to) 结婚wake up t be awake 醒 make friends with t be friends with成为 /交朋友 lose t be lost / be missing / be gone 丢失 lose one's job /workTbe out of work /a job open/ciose /die Tbe open/closed/dead 开办/关闭/死短暂性动词变延续性动词 (一定变为对应的过去分词规则+ed , 不规则看过去分词表 )：写出括号中的中文意思 :1) .has /have jo

10、ined - has /have been (a member ) in+组织(加入)2) has /have come/gone /got/ arrived - has /have been to ( / / / )has /have begun - has /have been on ( )3) has /have borrowed - has /have kept ( )4) has /have bought - has /have had ( )5) has /have left - has /have been away from ( )6) has /have opened /cl

11、osed/died -has /have been open /closed/dead()【强化训练】最佳选择 :1() 1My brotherthe Youth League for two yearsA has been in B has entered C has taken part in D has joined in()2have you been away from home ？(I have been away from home )For five years AHow much B What time C How long D When（） 3 .The meeting f

12、or five hours Ahas finished B has ended C has been over D has stopped（） 4.When Jack arrived ， he and Mary for almost an hour （过去完成时态是表示：过去的过去，由had +V -ed 过去分词 ）A had gone B had set off C had left D had been away（）5 .The baby for eleven hoursAfell asleep B has fallen asleepC has got to sleep D has be

13、en asleep（） 6.While I Beijing ，it was raining very hard Agot to B reached C arrived in D visited（） .7. How long have you ？ Since two years ago A fallen ill B been ill C left home D married（） 8. What was the party like ？Wonderful It's years I enjoyed myself so much A after B when C before D since

14、（ ）9.It is weeks since he So it is We'd better ask someone else to help usA fell ill B was ill C is ill Dhas been ill（）10'll lend you my book , but you can only it for three days . A. borrow B . keep C . take D . gotII 根据中文完成句子.1） I the bike a week ago .= I the bike a week .（买了）2）He 2 days a

15、go .=He two days ago . （死了）3）She a day ago . = She _ _for a day.（回来了 ）4）The factory _ _ . for a year = It _ a year the factory a year ago .（开办了 ）她加入希望工程一年了 .1）She has been in Project Hope for a year.she has been Project Hope for a year.他两月前入了党 .2）He joined the Party two months ago .He Party member f

16、or two months.He the Party since two years ago. It is two months he the Party.3）.在过去的 20 多年中 ,中国发生了翻天覆地的变化 .China a lot the past 20 years .4）你去国外多久了 ?5 年半. you ? _ 5.5 years .5）.你曾经去过国外吗 ?未曾去过 . you ? Never .III . 最佳选择（ ）1. I _ the way. I _ here for quite many years.A. knew have lived B. knew live C

17、. know have lived D. know live（ ）2. you ever America ? Yes, I have.A. Have gone to B. Have gone in C. Have been to D. Have been in（ ）3. My brother college for over three years.A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been at（）4. He _ the Army by the end of 1989. He _ in the army since then.has beenA. jo

18、ined is B. has joined has b过去完成时态)C. had joined is D. had joined( )5. _ you _ the text yet ? Yes, we _ it two hours ago.A. Did copy did B. Have copied haveC. Have copied did D. Did copy had( )6.“Why she angry ?”“ Because he at her just now .”A. did get shouted B. has got shoutedC. did get has shouted( )7. _you _ the film before ? Where _ you _ it ?A. Have seen did see B. Did see have seen C. Have seen have seen( ).8 You me waiting for two hours.I for you since five.A. kept waited B. have kept waitedC. kept have