托福写作主题词汇

1、附录一独立写作各类话题相关语汇Educationassignment, homework任务，家庭作业required/compulsory courses, elective courses必修课程；选修课程children and youth/adolescent青少年adapt to sth./adjust oneself to sth./become accustomed to sth.适应segregate students, team spirit, think independently区分对待学生；团队精神；独立思考students' feedback/input, s

2、tudent appraise/evaluate their teachers' performance学生的反馈；学生对老师的评价generalist, specialist, well-­rounded/versatile通才；专才；多才多艺的人humanities, social science, arts, science and engineering, basic sciences, applied sciences人文；社科；艺术；科技；基础科 学；应用科学self-­discipline自制，自我约束interact, participation/i

3、nvolvement交互；参与schooling, parenting, vocational education, curriculum上学；父母教育；职业教育；课程be proficient in, well-­acquainted with, role model, perform well在.方面很在行peer pressure, overprotective, frustration同辈压力；过度保护；崩溃thought-­provoking, enlightening, inspiring激发思考的；启迪的，激发的cultivate/foster/nurture

4、培养，养成refreshing, uplifting, motivating振奋人心的juvenile delinquency/youth crime, bully, truancy青少年犯罪；欺凌；逃学impart/inculcate knowledge传授知识instill high moral values灌输高尚的道德观employable/marketable skills就业技能force-­feed the students填鸭教育学生memorize for memorization's own sake为了记忆而记忆memorize equations, f

5、ormulas, theorems and laws背诵公式理论和定理60follow sth. blindly/follow sth. indiscriminately盲目跟从；不加区分地跟从extinguish/stifle/constrain creativity限制、扼杀创造力dampen/sap the students' enthusiasm打击学生热情adverse circumstances/adversity逆境Technologystate-­of-­the-­art, cutting edge尖端的revolutionize彻底改革a

6、utomated, mechanized自动化的；机械化的mass-­production大规模生产cost-­effective/economical性价比高的transform改变breakthrough突破break boundaries打破界限advance发展，前进information overload, information explosion信息过量；信息爆炸inconceivable, novel, user-­friendly想象不到的；原创的；用户友好的speed up/accelerate, augment/enhance/boost e

7、fficiency加速；提高效率innovation, ingenious创新；有独创性的at a staggering rate以一种令人惊愕的速度ultra-­lightweight, portable超级轻便的；可携带的transaction交易the proliferation of the Internet/the intensive use of the Internet/the widespread use of the Internet网络的普及Mediacuriosity好奇心dependable/trustworthy值得信赖的coverage覆盖面make he

8、adlines, newsworthy成为头版头条；有新闻价值的informative, entertaining信息量大的；娱乐的privacy, violate/intrude on/infringe on someone's privacy隐私；侵犯某人隐私69ratings评分go viral/all the rage变得流行journalists/the press记者；报刊，新闻界groupies, icon, make a splash追星族；偶像；产生轰动clarify, censorship澄清；审查blow things out of proportion, exa

9、ggerate things夸大事实commercial, flyer, billboard, poster, tabloid电视广告；传单；广告牌；海报；小报quiz show, reality show, talk show, variety show智力竞争节目；真人秀；脱口秀；综艺节目sitcom, soap opera, current affairs情景喜剧；肥皂剧；实事the print media/the electronic media纸媒；电子媒体be awash with/be inundated with/be saturated with sth.被所充斥delete

10、/eliminate/excise删除excessive/gratuitous violent and pornographic contents过量的暴力和色情内容misleading/misrepresented/distorted误导的，扭曲的celebrities, scandals名人；丑闻up-­to-­date/up-­to-­the-­minute最新的code of ethics/code of conduct道德准则，行为准则ubiquitous/prevalent无所不在的high-­profile, low-&

11、#173;profile高调，低调fabricated, absurd/ludicrous编造的；荒谬的Work& Successdetermination决心motto座右铭established确定的a household name, glorious人尽皆知的人；光荣的fame, prestige, reputation名气；威望；名声misfortune, despair不幸；绝望attitude, tenacity/perseverance态度；毅力；坚持不懈commitment/undertaking/endeavor承诺；事业；努力，尽力highly-­soug

12、ht-­after被高度追求的have a yearning/longing/craving for sth.对某事有很大期许remarkable/excellent/outstanding/distinguished杰出的，优秀的willpower意志力setback挫折rugged崎岖的insurmountable无法超越的be adept in/be skilled in/be good at在某方面很擅长adhere to(principles, rules, a diet)坚守indispensable不可或缺的be a flash in the pan昙花一现clear-

13、­cut/specific goals明确的目标accomplished成功的excel in在某个方面优于别人industrious, conscientious, constructive勤奋的；认真的；有建设性的stressful, exhausting压力大的；疲倦的colleague, co-­worker同事feasible可行的recruit, layoff/downsizing招募；裁人stiff/fierce competition激烈的竞争high-­caliber, enthusiastic高素质的；热情的self-­express

14、ion/self-­image/self-­esteem自我表达；自我认知；自尊assessment/evaluation评估，评价profession/occupation职业daunting/formidable可怕的significant/essential/vital非常重要的devoted/fervent/ardent在某方面很热情，很投入job satisfaction工作满意度stress-­induced diseases压力诱导的疾病exert oneself in doing sth.强迫自己做某事interpersonal skills人际交

15、往技能freelancer自由职业者work overtime加班workaholic工作狂incentive/reward动机；奖赏solidarity, unity团结一致demanding需求高的compensation, income, salary收入；工资hectic忙碌的；兴奋的Governmentabolish废除implement实施legalize使得合法化priority优先，优先权establish建立alleviate减缓the authorities政府forbid/prohibit禁止legislation法制tax revenue税收收入democratic民主

16、的efficient高效的optimize the distribution of resources资源配置最优化stability稳定combat/tackle/resolve/address着手解决（问题）stringent严厉的，迫切的short-­sighted短视的citizens公民regulate规定monitor监督者mandatory/compulsory强制的curtail削减augment增大a vicious cycle一个恶性循环rules and regulations规章制度laid-­off workers/downsized worker

17、s被裁掉的员工infrastructure基础设施power grid输电网water supply and drainage system水供给和排出系统a stop-­gap measure临时措施Friendsdetect察觉，发现appearance外貌attraction吸引力sociable善于社交的loyal忠诚的ambition壮志雄心的cooperative合作的organized有条理的intelligent聪明的gifted/talented有天赋的sincere真诚的candid/frank坦率的betray背叛superficial/shallow肤浅的el

18、oquent口才好的eternal永恒的modest谦逊的awkward奇怪的dilemma两难困境genuine真正的underestimate低估virtue美德resilient有弹性的；易复原的solitary独自reserved保守的，冷淡的compassionate慈悲的，富于同情心的assertive/self-­assured自大的tolerant容忍的witty睿智的amusing搞笑的hilarious极度幽默的vain徒劳的，自负的congenial意气相投的；性格一致的prominent杰出的sophisticated复杂的；事故的tough难以相处的triv

19、ial细微的Old vs. Youngcustom习俗energetic有活力的promising有前途的entrenched根植的rueful悔恨的norm习惯old-­fashioned老式的antiquated过时的，陈旧的deteriorate使恶化obsolete过时的fossilized石化的，僵化的life expectancy寿命unprecedented前所未有的impractical不现实的reflection思考，反思empty-­nest syndrome空巢综合征（老人因为儿女不在身边而患上此疾）disoriented无判断力的，分不清方向的min

20、dset心态，倾向；习惯maturity成熟linger in one's mind在脑海中挥之不去retirement退休baby/infants婴儿adolescent青少年people in their 20s/30s20 多，30 多岁的人aging society老龄化社会mutual understanding互相理解fade退色，失去主导地位stagger蹒跚的recall回忆pay tribute to向某人致敬Transportationtreacherous road conditions危险的道路环境public transit公共交通drunk driving酒

21、后驾驶means of transportation交通方式vehicle交通工具densely-­populated人口密集的be squished up被挤得跟沙丁鱼似的impose higher taxes on在上课以重税metropolitan大都市的underpass地下通道overpass天桥steam-­driven蒸汽驱动的petrol-­driven石油驱动的hydrogen-­driven氢气驱动的chaotic混乱的Environmentpollutant污染物dump倾倒recycle回收inhabit栖息；居住于conserv

22、e保存preserve保护shortage/scarcity稀缺eco-­friendly生态友好的local resident当地居民skin cancer皮肤癌immune system免疫系统disposable一次性的，用完就丢弃的inhale吸入joint effort/concerted effort联合的努力irreversible不可逆转的alternative energy替代能源contaminate污染carbon dioxide emission二氧化碳的释放exhaust fumes废气acid rain酸雨discharge排放，流出solar/wind/

23、nuclear energy太阳能，风能，核能artificial人在的exploit natural resources开发利用自然资源erode侵蚀chain reaction连锁反应butterfly effect蝴蝶效应reshape our lives重塑我们的生活renewable resources可再生能源consume/deplete消耗；用尽greenhouse effect温室效应Moneyprecious/valuable珍贵的worthless毫无价值的thrifty/frugal节俭的economical经济实惠的make ends meet收支平衡stylish时

24、髦的，现代风格的upscale高端的costly昂贵的exquisite精致的exorbitant price极度高昂的价格wealthy/affluent富有的impoverished/needy贫穷的temptation引诱；诱惑物outfit全套装备property财富jealousy嫉妒tempting有吸引力的generosity慷慨，大方charity慈善philanthropy慈善despise轻视，蔑视Leisureexcursion远足，短途旅行sightseeing观光conducted/guided tour跟团旅行package tour背包行exotic异域风情的ba

25、ckpacker背包客souvenir纪念品explore探索，发现relics遗迹，纪念物expand one's outlook/vision扩大视野diversion/pastime消遣，娱乐活动recreation娱乐release stress释放压力get away from the daily grind从每天的琐事当中逃离lift one's spirits提振精神memorable显著的，难忘的，值得纪念的cosmetics化妆品，装饰品calm the nerves and restore the soul镇定神经exhibition展览workout锻炼blood circulation血液循环flexibility灵活性gorgeous华丽的，灿烂的，极好的hideous可怕的，丑恶的appealing/attractive富有吸引力的indulge in沉浸在中aesthetic美学的Familyelderly people老年人family bonds家庭纽带family values家庭价值strengthen/reinforce加强sibling兄弟姐妹cousin表亲personality clash性格冲突household appliances家