最新外研版八年级英语(下)现在完成时的用法

1、现在完成时的用法一、 表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如：你读过那个故事吗？Have you read that story?（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响为：是否知道故事中的内容）我买了两个苹果。 I have bought two apples.（“买”这一动作发生在过去对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果）（一）、构成：“助动词have/has 砌词的过去分词”（二）、句型结构：肯定式：主语+have/has+ 过去分词+其它。如： I have just come back from Qinzhou.否定式：主语+have/ has not +过去分词

2、+其它。如： I haven ' t seen the TV play.一般疑问句：Have/ has+ 主语 + 过去分词+其它 ?如： Has Jack finished his homework?回答：肯定：Yes, 主语 + have/has .否定：No, 主语 + haven ' t/ hasn ' t. 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句？如：How long have you had the dog ?当堂检测 Liming _完成下列句子：1李明还没看过这本书了。_ that book _ .2. 他去看医生了吗？_ he _ see the do

3、ctor?3. 我非常高兴，因为我通过这次英语考试。I am very happy, because I _ the English exam.4. 你在这等了多久了 ?_ you _ here?5. 妈妈把那本书弄丢了。Mumthat book.6. _ 你去哪了？Whereyou?（三）、常与现在完成时态连用的几个副词：already ， just 多用于肯定句中, yet， ever ，never 多用于疑问句和否定句中。如：1、 I have already finished my homework.我已经做完家庭作业。2、 she has just had supper.她刚吃过晚饭

4、。3、 Have you ever sung this English song?你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？4、 They haven't done the homework yet.他们还没有做作业。5、 We have never seen an interesting film.我们从来没有看过有趣的电影。6、 We have just come home, and we had a wonderful weekend.我们刚刚到家，我们度过了一个愉快的周末。7、 Have you ever been to Guilin?Yes, I have. I went there a mon

5、th ago.I have been there two or three times.你到过桂林吗？到过。我一个月前去过那里。我去过那里两三次了。8、 You can come with us to the cinema when you have finished your homework.你做完功课可以和我们一起去看戏。9、 Most of them have already seen the movie.他们中大多数人已经看过这部电影了。10 、How long have you lived here?你住在这里多久了？（四）、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别:1、 一般过去时只单纯表示

6、过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系；如： I finished readingthe book three days ago.2、 现在完成时表示某一完成动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。如：Ihave finished reading the book now用一般过去时的情况：1）.当有一个表示过去的时间状语, 女口：last year , two days ago , yesterday , just now等时. -When did he leave ?-We weren ' t in last night .-She often came to help me

7、When we were very young .2）. 单纯谈过去的动作，不涉及它对现在的影响时.-What did you have for your lunch?-When did you have supper?用现在完成时的情况：1) . 当有一个表示到现在为止这段时间的状，如 recently , these days , so far , up till now, in thepast 3 years, by the end of -,fo 叶 一段时间以及 since 引导的表示时间的状语从句时.-We have learned a lot since we came to t

8、his school .- I haven ' t slept very well these days.2) . 若谈一件已发生的事，主要考虑它对现在的影响的。- Have you had your lunch?- Do you want more? Thanks, I have had enough.即学即练用括号里适当的词填空：1、 We_ (see) the film twice, we _it yesterday at school.2、 _you _(read) the book before?Yes, I _ .When _ you _ it?Last month.3、

9、Zhaoqing _ (be) a small city 20 years ago, now it_ (become) famous allover the world.3、有些时间状语，女口this morni ng , to ni ght , this mo nth等，可用于现在完成时或一般过去时，但它们表达的意义不一样。用于现在完成时则包括“现在”在内，而用于一般过去时则与现在无关。例如；1) . I have read this story this April .我今年四月份看过这个故事了。( 讲话时仍然是四月份 )2) .I read this story this April .

10、我今年四月份看的这个故事。( 讲话时四月份已过 )3) .I have written two letters this morning .今天上午我写了两封信。( 讲话时仍是上午 )4) .I wrote two letters this morning .今天上午我写了两封信。( 讲话时已是下午或晚上 )Exercise:Why not go to see the film with me?C. have sawD. sawBecause I _ it.A、 have seenB. will seeC. have sawD. saw2. Hello! Could I speak to Mr

11、. King, please? Sorry, he ' s _ the supermarket.been at B. been to C. been on D. gone to3. I _ already _ my homework, I _have, finished, have finishedhave , finished, finished finished, have finishedit last night.4. Have you _your breakfast?Yes, I have. When _ you _ it? 1 hour ago.had, have hadB

12、. do, have , hadC. had, did, haveD. had, have, have二、.表示过去某一时间开始并一直延续到现在，甚至还可能继续下去。常和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间状语连用。一段时间的表达方法有两种:for + 一段时间: for a year , for two weeks, for three years since +过去的某一时刻: since lastweek.一般过去时态的时间状语从句:since you came since you got home.1) .They have lived here for ten

13、years .2) . She has taught in this school since three years ago.3) .We have known each other since we were very young.注意：用于这种用法中的动词必须是表示连续的动作或状态的词，如： live 、 work 、 teach 、 study 、 stay 、wait 、 know 、 be 、 have 、learn 、wear 、walk 、 sleep 等，这类动词叫做“延续性动词”。英语中还有另一种动词，如:die、buy 、joi n 、marry become beg i

14、n 、fall 、come 、go、hear 、die 、close 、open 、leave 、borrow 、等，它们只表示短暂的动作，不能表示一个延续的状态，这类动词叫做“瞬间性动词”，它们可以用于现在完成时，但是不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。 判断下列句子的正误：1）.He has died（.）He has died for 2 years（.）He has been dead for 2 years.（ ）2）. Helen has married.（ ）Helen has been married for 5 years.（ ）Helen has married for 5 ye

15、ars（. ） 瞬间性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用, 但是他可以转换成相应的延续性动词.1. 直接用延续性动词buy - havecatch （get） a cold -have a cold borrowkeep arrive/come/go/become beput on-wear get up be up2. 转换成 be+ 名词join the army - be a soldier join the Party- be a Party member go to school- be a student3?.转换成 be+ 形容词或副词die be deadfinishend

16、- be overbegin be onleave be awayfall sleep - be asleepclose/open - be closed/openmarry be married4. 转换成 be+ 介词短语go to school - be in school join the army- be in the army当堂检测选择填空1.The shop has been _for an hour.A. close B. closing C. closed2. How long have you_ the book?A. borrowed B. kept C. bought

17、3. They _ Guangzhou for an hour.A. leftB. have leftC. have been away from4.I have _ Foshan since ten years ago.A. come to B. arrive in C. been in5.I bought a computer _ .A. for two days B. since two days ago C. two days ago6 Class has been over_ .A. just now B. for a moment C. a moment ago7. I have

18、come back_ .A. for an hour B. yet C. AlreadyI _ the way. I _ here for quite many years.A. knew have livedB. knew liveC. know have livedD. know live2._ you ever_ America ? Yes, I have.A. Have gone to B. Havegone inC. Have been toD. Have been in3. My brother _college for over three years.A. has gone t

19、o B. has been to C. has been at4. He _ the Army by the end of 1989. He _ in the army since then.A. joined isB. has joined has bee nC. had joined is D. had joined has bee n 5. _ you _ the text yet ? Yes, we _ it two hours ago.A. Did ?copy? didB. Have ? copied ?haveC. Have ?copied ?did D. Did ?copy ?h

20、ad“Why_ s h e_ angry ?”“Because he_ at her just now .”A. did get shouted B. has got shouted C.did get ?- has shouted6. _you _ the film before ? Where _ you _ it ? A. Have seen did seeB. Did see - - have see nC. Have see n have see n7.You _me waiting for two hours.I _for you since five.A. kept waited

21、B. have kept waitedC. kept have waitedD. have kepthave WdWhere _ John _ ?To the library. He _ there for an hour.A. has been has goneB. hasC. did ?go?wentgone has beenD. did ?be?wentA. 用 already 或 yet 填空Have they taken down the old pictures_ ?No, not_ .2)Most of us have finished our compositions_ .3) He hasn ' t visited the museum _ . B. 用 si nee 或 for 填空1)We have learned five lessons_ the beginningof