现在完成时(最全解析)电子版本

1、春天(chntin)还会远吗 ?will it still be far in spring?冬天(dngtin)已经来了,Winter has already come, 第一页，共46页。现在(xinzi)完成时态Winter has already come.上一页第二页，共46页。现在(xinzi)完成时的构成形式 have done has助动词过去分词上一页第三页，共46页。 陈述句肯定形式(xngsh)。主语+ have/has+ 过去分词+其它 e.g. I have had lunch. 已经吃过午饭了。 He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。 陈述句否

2、定形式(xngsh)。主语+ have/has+ not+过去分词+ （在助动词have/has后+not，可缩写为havent/hasnt） e.g. I havent had lunch. 我还没吃午饭 He hasnt gone to Beijing. 他还没有去北京。 现在现在(xinzi)完成时的基完成时的基本句型本句型上一页第四页，共46页。一般疑问句形式及其答语。Have/Has+主语过去分词（将助动词have/has提前，句末加问号） 肯定回答：Yes , 主语 have/has. 否定回答：No , 主语 havent/hasnt.Has he gone to Beijing

3、? 他去过北京了吗？ Yes, he has ./ No, he hasnt.特殊(tsh)疑问句形式。（疑问词+一般疑问句） 特词+ have/has+主语过去分词？ e.g. Where has he gone? 他去了哪里？上一页第五页，共46页。用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联系: 动作或状态发生在过去(guq),但它的影响现在还存在。 They have left. -他们已经离开了。（也就是说现在他们人不在这里） I have had my lunch. -我已经吃过午饭了。（也就是说我现在不饿）现在完成(wn chng)时的含义也可表示持续(chx)到

4、现在的动作或状态。 He has learned English since 2001. -从2001年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢上一页第六页，共46页。nowpastfuture一般(ybn)过去时现在(xinzi)完成时一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情现在完成时表示的是在过去某个(mu )时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响上一页第七页，共46页。 现在完成(wn chng)时与一般过去时的比较 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述(xsh)过去的事情，强调动作； 现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。I saw

5、this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响(yngxing)，电影的内容已经知道了。）上一页第八页，共46页。2）一般过去时 常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用; 现在完成时通常(tngchng)与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具体的时间状语现在(xinzi)完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, t

6、ill/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的时间状语上一页第九页，共46页。现在完成现在完成(wn chng)时的时间状语时的时间状语常与不确定(qudng)的时间状语连用，如:already, never, ever, just, yet, before, so far, in the past few years等,表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作.还可以和表示一段时间的状语连用， since, for a long time等.上一页下一页第十页，共46页。现在完成现在完成(wn chng)时的时间状语时的时间状语常

7、与常与already, yet, ever, just, never, before, up to now, so far, in the past few weeks these days, since for+a long time 连用连用(linyng)上一页下一页第十一页，共46页。一、since Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. （1984年以来(yli)，史密斯先生一直在这工作。）I have known Daniel since 7 years ago.自从7年前我就认识丹尼尔。Hes learned about 500 words s

8、ince he went to college.（他上大学以来(yli)大约学了五千个英语单词）上一页下一页一个时间点一段时间ago从句第十二页，共46页。二、for时间段（一段时间）（two weeks/six months/five days）for短语表示动作延续多长时间 。 He has taught in this school for four years. （他在这个学校已经(y jing)教了4年书了。） I havent seen her for a long time. （我好久没有见到她了。）上一页下一页第十三页，共46页。（注）: 对for或since引导的时间(shj

9、in)状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?上一页第十四页，共46页。现在完成现在完成(wn chng)时时间状时时间状语的比较与运用语的比较与运用: 1）already（已经）（已经） 和和yet（已经，还）（已经，还） already用于肯定句，放于句中或句末，在用于肯定句，放于句中或句末，在句中时句中时(zhn sh)，

10、位于助动词或系动词，位于助动词或系动词后，实义动词前。后，实义动词前。 yet用于否定句和疑问句，一般在句末。用于否定句和疑问句，一般在句末。 I have already finished my homework. I havent finished my homework yet.上一页第十五页，共46页。 2）ever（曾经，这以前）（曾经，这以前）never（从不）（从不） ever用于肯定句和疑问句中，在句中位用于肯定句和疑问句中，在句中位于助动词于助动词(dngc)或系动词或系动词(dngc)后，后，实义动词实义动词(dngc)前。前。 never用于句中，助动词用于句中，助动词(

11、dngc)或系动或系动词词(dngc)后，实义动词后，实义动词(dngc)前，表前，表示否定意义。示否定意义。 He has ever been to Paris. He has never been to Paris.上一页第十六页，共46页。3） just表示表示“刚刚刚刚”（用于完成（用于完成(wn chng)时态时，时态时，与与already，never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词词have/has和动词过去分词之间）区别和动词过去分词之间）区别just now(刚刚才，用于一般过去时）才，用于一般过去时）He has just come back. 他

12、刚刚回来。They have just finished the work. 他们刚刚完成(wn chng)那项工作。上一页第十七页，共46页。 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态(zhungti)，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 上一页第十八页，共46页。 She joined the League three years ago. (加入的动作加入的动作(dngzu)不

13、是延续的不是延续的) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续) She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago). (是团员的状态可持续是团员的状态可持续)第十九页，共46页。 延续动词表示经验(jngyn)、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 比较(bjio)延续动词与瞬间动词 He has finished the work.他已完成了那项

14、工作(gngzu)。 (表结果)Ive known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)第二十页，共46页。 延续性动词和非延续性动词（终止性动词） 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作如：learn, work, keep, have, wait, stay等。 延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用(linyng)。 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词，表示 不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用(linyng)。 如:die, begin, finish, come, go, open, leave, join, marry / get

15、married等。 第二十一页，共46页。leave-come/go (to) -arrive (at/in)- get (to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become- be away (from) be (in/at) be (in/at) be (in/at)be (in/at)havekeepbe overbe in/be a/anbe onbe deadbe closedbe openedbe backbe married be上一页第二十二页，共46页。也可以仍用原短暂

16、性动词，用句型“It is since从句(cn j)（从句(cn j)中用一般过去时）” 或用“一般过去时+ ago”这一结构来表述延续性的动作或状 态。 上一页下一页第二十三页，共46页。电影开始(kish)五分钟了。The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film beganThe film began five minutes ago.他入党五年了。He has been in the Party for five years.It is five years since he joined

17、the Party.He joined the Party five years ago .下一页上一页第二十四页，共46页。非延续性动词非延续性动词(dngc)与时间段的与时间段的关系关系 短暂性动词短暂性动词(dngc)(dngc)在肯定句、在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词些动词(dngc)(dngc)是：是：become, become, begin, begin, buy, buy, borrow, borrow, come (go, arrive), come (go, arrive), die, die, finish, finish, jo

18、in, join, leave, leave, 等。等。上一页下一页为了表述这种意思,我们(w men)常用相应的延续性动词 来代替非延续性（终止性）动词。第二十五页，共46页。 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以(ky)(ky)与时间段连用。与时间段连用。如：如：I havent bought the bike for a I havent bought the bike for a year. year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. She hasnt come here for

19、 an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页第二十六页，共46页。 翻 译 练 习： 1.我买了这块(zh kui)手表五年了。 2.这位老人已经死了十年了。 I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. The old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.WW下一页上一页第二

20、十七页，共46页。 3.他已经回来三天了。 4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。 5.我离开(l ki)家乡已十年了。 He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago. He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock. I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years.WWW下一页上一页第二十八页，共46页。He h

21、as gone to Shanghai.他(已经(y jing)去上海了。He has been to Shanghai.他(曾经(cngjng) 去过上海。比较(bjio) have/has been to have/has gone to第二十九页，共46页。have been 与have gone 的用法(yn f)比较 have been to 意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”，表示，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿(nr)。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示已经，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已去了某地，现在人可能在

22、去的途中或已在那儿在那儿(nr)了。了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某处一段时间呆在某处一段时间了了”上一页下一页第三十页，共46页。He went to Shanghai last week. 他(曾经)到/去过上海 在他人(trn)生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人(trn)现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了他已经去上海了 也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上(l shng),反正他人不在这里上周他做了一件事:那就是(jish)去了上海He has been to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.He has been in Shanghai

23、for 10 years.他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了 现在还在上海没有离开呢He lived in Shanghai for 10 years.以前他在上海住过10年 现在不在上海了第三十一页，共46页。 He died 10 years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He _ _ the motorbike

24、 for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He _ _ here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.延续性动词和瞬间(shn jin)性动词之间的转化上一页第三十二页，共46页。 6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The fi

25、lm _ _ _ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined the army. 上一页第三十三页，共46页。

26、 He died 10 years ago. - He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He has kept the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He has had the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He has been here since three days ago

27、.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light has been on for 2 hours.延续性动词(dngc)和瞬间性动词(dngc)之间的转化 (keys)上一页第三十四页，共46页。 6. He left here 2 years ago. - He has been away from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film has been on for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an

28、hour ago. - The door has been open for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door has been closed for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. - He has been a soldier for a year. - He has been in the army for a year. - It is a year since he joined the army. 上一页第三十五页，共46页。动 词 填 空： 1._

29、 you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there? Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一页上一页第三十六页，共46页。4. I _ (read) the novel t

30、wice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last year.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgavehas g

31、iven下一页上一页第三十七页，共46页。选用(xunyng) for和 since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last

32、 time.forsinceforsinceforsince下一页上一页第三十八页，共46页。用用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空(tinkng)Mike and his parents _ the north for half Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.a year.Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop._ you ever _ to kunmin

33、g ? Never._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Yes, he _ here for several days.Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ?

34、Li Lei Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you. is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一页上一页第三十九页，共46页。改改 错错1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last A

35、ugust.4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business.5. He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页第四十页，共46页。The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned2. -_the sports meeting might be put off. -Yes, it all dep

36、ends on the weather. A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told3. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be 4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beij

37、ing for vacation ?-I _ to go , but I dont know if I can go . A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning 上一页第四十一页，共46页。6. -When will they leave ?-They _very soon .A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave 7 -Was he studying for an exam ? -Yes , hes _ it last week.A doing B to take C making D to give8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth _ round.A is B would C was D were9. She _ such an interesting book b