定语从句讲解与练习

1、定语从句讲解及练习一、 定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，定语从句是形容词类从句，相当于形容词修饰名词或代词。如：1) The man who/that lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that/which I do. 二、 关系代词与关系副词关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分 1.who指人，在从句中做主语或宾语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yeste

2、rday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句

3、子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He ha

4、s a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the

5、 color of which is yellow?6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。（1）Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm. （2）He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。（1）This is the house where we lived last year. （2）The factory where his father works is in the east of the city 8. why指原

6、因，在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to s

7、chool he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. (3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born. 三，定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。例如：Any man that / who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事

8、。2.非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。例如：The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.注意：非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词 that。区别：若删掉，主句句意清楚，与主句用逗号隔开，可替代一个词或部分及一个句子。(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and mor

9、e powerful.四，非限定性定语从句引导非限定性定语从句的常见关系词有：which, as, who, where，that不能引导非限定性定语从句which和as用法区别：1 as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。He married her, as/which was natural.2. as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing co

10、untry. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don't believe. 注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which (5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher ang

11、ry.3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as (1) I have never heard such a story as he tells. (2) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as 所引导的定语从句意思不同 She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding. 她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。 She

12、wore the same dress as her young sister wore.     她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。As引导非限定性定语从句的用法总结：引导限定性定语从句时，指与先行词相似的人或物，用做主语、宾语和表语，必须用于 such/so.as.或 the same.as.结构中，例如：Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as

13、none of us worked out.This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.引导非限定性定语从句时，用做主语、宾语和表语，只能修饰句子，可置于被修饰句子后面、前面或主谓之间,翻译成“正如.那样”例如：The earth moves around the sun, as we all know.As we all know, the earth moves around the sun. The earth, as we all know, moves around the sun.在非限制性定语从句中，which和as引导定语从句时的区别：wh

14、ich引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可以放在主谓之间。as和which都可以指代一个句子，但as有“正如”、“就像”之意，which则没有此含义，翻译成“这，这件事”。as 引导的非限定性定语从句只能修饰句子，which 引导的非限定性定语从句可以修饰句子，也可以修饰名词。五其他1,只能使用that,不用which 的情况：(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如： All that he said is true. (2) 先行词被only, no,

15、any, all,等词修饰时。例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如： He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 This is the best book (that) I have read this year.(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如： He talked about the people and the things he rememb

16、ered. 2,只用which不用that的情况：非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：1）The boy, who is good at soccer, comes from Xinjiang.That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。There is somebody here who w

17、ants to speak to you这里有人要和你说话(限制性)2） 介词后只加which, whom, 先行词为人，用whom. 先行词为物，用which.定 语 从 句 课 堂 练 习一请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1.      Check the ways you study for an English test. 2.      Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 3

18、.      You couldnt understand people who talked fast. 4.      I have some ideas that may help. 5.      They said something you didnt like. 6.      Can you think of any problems you have had recently?二

19、、单项选择( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose( ) 2. Whats the name of the program_. A. which are listening B. you are listening to C. to that you are listening D. that you are listening( ) 3. The students were all interested _ you told them

20、 yesterday. A. in which B. in that this C. all that D. in everything( ) 4. He was the only person in his office_ was invited. A. whom B. whose C. that D. which( ) 5. This is the museum_ we visited last year. A. where B. in which C. which D. in that( ) 6. Charlie told his mother all_ had happened. A.

21、 that B. what C. which D. who( ) 7. Do you know the student_? A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talk C. I often talk with D. that I often talk( ) 8. I like the house_ windows face south. A. whose B. whos C. it's D. its( ) 9. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _? A. what I need

22、B.I need C. which I need it D. that I need it( )10. The young woman_ I spoke just now is a young doctor. A. who B. to whom C. whom D. that 1-5 ADACC6-10 ACABB作业：1. The project aims to get kids to a stage called “deep reading”, _ they can read to learn.A. which      

23、;                B. where                             C. that  &#

24、160;                        D. what2. Steve, the vacation is coming soon. Have you found a summer job yet?  I suppose I can work at the boys camp _ I worked last summer.A

25、. that                         B. where                       

26、60;     C. which                            D. what3. Visitors can see the large diamond, _ has been kept at the Tower since the 17th c

27、entury.A. which                      B. that                        &#

28、160;        C. what                               D. who4. My uncle has a large greenhouse in his ga

29、rden _ he grows vegetables in winter.A. which                    B. where                       

30、;    C. when                     D. whose5. Tom was highly honored for sending an old man to the hospital, _leg was badly injured in a traffic accident.    

31、0;    A. which               B. who                        C. where   

32、               D. whose6. I will never forget my experience in Africa, _ has a great effect on my life.A. where                  B. which

33、60;                      C. when                            

34、 D. that7. Molly is an impressive photographer, _ pictures have appeared in many magazines.A. who                   B. which             

35、60;          C. whose              D. what8. My office wasnt far from Chinatown, _ I found some very good Chinese restaurants.A. which       

36、0;              B. whose                             C. when    &

37、#160;                  D. where9. Many firefighters, _ tried to rescue the people in the building, were injured in the fire.A. where             

38、       B. which                   C. who               D. that10. Prince William took a visit to the

39、 Forbidden City on Feb. 28, _ emperors once lived. A. which                      B. whose                

40、             C. where                       D. when11. Beautiful stories and legends about the West Lake, _ have been pa

41、ssed down for hundreds of years, keep alive Chinese history and culture.  A. that                          B. where        &#

42、160;             C. in which                   D. which12. The whole class applauded wildly at the end of the speech, _ greatly encoura

43、ged Bob. A. what                     B. where                  C. which        &

44、#160;         D. when13. Jack will hold a meeting _ people can voice their opinions on today's global economy.A. which B. when                    

45、 C. where                  D. whose14. Opposite is St.Paul's Church,_you can hear some lovely music.A. which             B. that    

46、0;          C. when              D. wher15. I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me.A. who      

47、60;                  B. which                          C. when