口语讲义Lesson5

1、Lesson 5Jintishi l The jintishi(近體詩) is a Chinese poetic form based on a series of set tonal patterns using the four tones of the classical Chinese language in each couplet: the level, rising, falling and entering tones.l Jintishi often have a rich poetic diction, full of allusion, and can have a wi

2、de range of subject, including history and politics. One of the masters of the form was Du Fu, who wrote during the Tang Dynasty (8th century). l Transportation is a major contributor to air pollution in the United States, according to the Surface Transportation Policy Project, and nearly half of al

3、l Americans are breathing unhealthy air. Their study showed air quality in dozens of metropolitan areas has got worse over the last decade。l Residents of low-density, residential-only sprawling communities are also more likely to die in car collisions, which kill 1.2 million people worldwide each ye

4、ar, and injure about forty times this number.l Sprawl is more broadly a factor in inactivity and obesity, which in turn can lead to increased risk of a variety of diseases. Improving the positive and reducing the negative impactsl Fuel taxes may act as an incentive for the production of more efficie

5、nt, hence less polluting, car designs (e.g. hybrid vehicles) and the development of alternative fuels.l Alternative fuel vehicles are another option that is less polluting than conventional petroleum powered vehicles.High-speed trains l High speed trains normally travel during the day, and arrive at

6、 their destination before the night falls and are in competition with airliners in speed. l The fastest train on rails is the French TGV (French for High Speed Train) with a 574.8 km/h (356 mph) speed.Inter-city trainsl For trains connecting cities, we can distinguish inter-city trains, which do not

7、 halt at small stations, and trains that serve all stations.Movie/Film:l Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful method for ed

8、ucating -or indoctrinating- citizens. The visual elements of cinema give motion pictures a universal power of communication; some movies have become popular worldwide attractions, by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.Genresnewsreel 新闻片，纪录片documentary (film) 记录片，文献片literary film

9、文艺片musicals 音乐片comedy 喜剧片tragedy 悲剧片Dracula movie 恐怖片swordsmen film 武侠片cartoon (film) 卡通片，动画片detective film 侦探片ethical film 伦理片affectional film 爱情片erotic film 黄色片western movies 西部片film d'avant-garde 前卫片serial 系列片trailer 预告片premiere 首映式film festival 电影节distributor 发行人Board of Censors 审查署shooting

10、schedule 摄制计划censor's certificate 审查级别release 准予上映director导演production 制片adaptation 改编scenario, screenplay, script 编剧scene 场景special effects 特技slow motion 慢镜头montage 剪辑recording, sound recording 录音sound effects 音响效果mix, mixing 混录dubbing 配音post synchronization 后期录音合成studio 制片厂，摄影棚(motion) film st

11、udio 电影制片厂close-up, close shot 特写，近景actors 电影演员cast 阵容film star, movie star 电影明星star, lead 主角double, stand-in 替身演员stunt man 特技替身演员extra, walker-on 临时演员character actor 性格演员regular player 基本演员extra 特别客串film star 电影明星film actor 男电影明星film actress 女电影明星support 配角util 跑龙套Pronunciations元音:得元音者得口语辅音:永远是配角与衬

12、托元音Vowell Number: 20l Single and doublel Single is not that simplel Double is not that troubleSinglel Bed and Badl e规则: 嘴巴张开最小,嘴巴拉开最大l a规则: 嘴巴微微张开,不要过大Double双元音发音规则:1. 滑音要体现2. 重点在首音3. 区别单元音4. 清晰又饱满l Tom's wife is a strong-minded woman and leads him around by the nose.l (To be led by the nose一个人全

13、部在别人的控制之下，就像一头牲口被人用绳子牵着鼻子走一样 )l See, they were right under your nose all the time.l Under your nose:灯下黑 l 1987年在美国开始竞选总统的前夕，民主党候选人哈特说，民主党的党员们应该:l Pull their socks up and get back in the game.l 意思是民主党的党员应该振作起精神，投入竞选总统的运动中去.l Wait until you hear my new marketing plan - it'll knock your socks off!l

14、 等你们听到我的推销计划时，你们都会大吃一惊的 .l to knock your socks off是令人感到吃惊的意思元音发音小口诀l 短音短,长音长,双元音,要滑音l 单双混搭,连读省音,各走各路Sentence Structure Today1. be closely related to （与.息息相关） 例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health. 做运动与健康息息相关。 2. Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/V-ing, （因为.） 例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I f

15、inally realized my dream. 因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。 3. Leave much to be desired （令人不满意） 例句：The condition of our traffic/environment leaves much to be desired. 我们的交通/环境状况令人不满意.4. have a great influence on （对.有很大的影响） 例句: Stay-up has a great influence on our health. 熬夜对我们的健康有很大的影响。 5. do good to （对.有益），do harm

16、 to （对.有害） 例句：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。 Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。 6. Pose a great threat to （对.造成一大威胁） 例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence. 污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。 7. do ones utmost to + V = do ones best （尽全力去.） 例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life

17、. 我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。 Independent Task IITopic Range and Requirementl Topic Range:l Campus-related/Ethical Problemsl Problem with two possibilitiesTypesl A over B:1. 开头:A over B, why2. 主体The 2 merits of A with 1 merit of B3. 结尾:过渡与总结,还是A好l A or B:选A就说A,选B就说B.1. 开头: A/B2. 主体:原因1233. 结尾:重申加强调A就是好得不得了.4.

18、 Solutions:宗旨:哪个好说,说哪个l 模版格式清晰有条理l 理由充分不说废话l 连接词提示rater给你加分l 训练可用TWE185TWE185用法l 看文章,提取观点l 把观点写在笔记本上,格式:1. 主题:2. 原因:123(注意:只写动词原形词组)3. 结尾重申:口语就是口头作文!Question 2 in Real TestDoes TV have the positive or negative effect on the modern society? Choose one and explain why.l Idiot boxl Overindulgent in wat

19、ching TV will cause such symptoms like eye irritation, obesity and dizziness.l Poor sightl Watching TV will have a bad influence on children and younger generations both physically and psychologically.l Physically1. Poor sight2. Obesity3. Coach Potatol Psychologically1. Isolation2. Loneness3. Too mu

20、ch adult materials like violence and crimeDo you think the high school should teach music and art as other basic science? Explain why.l Yes1. Music teaches us not only how to sing, but also the rhythm, which is fascinating and useful.2. Learn how to appreciate the arts, like music, songs, operas and

21、 exhibitions and shows.3. The appreciation of beautyDo you think using mobile phone should be banned in some certain place? Explain why.l Yes.1. Places like airport and gas station in case there is anything dangerous happens.2. Places like classroom, library, music hall, cinema, and theatre. Simply

22、because we will disturb others when the places are supposed to be quite.3. Places like hospital, using mobile phone will disturb the peace and interrupt the patience.Which one acts more influence on you, newspaper, TV, or people like your teachers, parents or classmates? Explain why.l Influence1. Go

23、od characters/personalities/qualities2. Learn a lot from newspaper/TV.Do you think government should sponsor to build up museum and theatre? Give reasons and details to support your opinion.(A or B)l Yes.1. Building museum and theatre will promote city image.2. Along with the city image promotion, m

24、useum and theatre will contribute to the cultural diversity.3. Besides, it provides another place for recreation for people to go.4. Also, it helps teach children to get familiar with diversified culture, like Greek and Roman.l No.1. The government should attach the importance of the development of

25、economy.2. Not necessary: Accessible and convenient internet3. Together with the economical development, people are able to travel to the places like Paris, Rome and Greece to see the places of interest in person and visit the theatre and listen to opera.Do you prefer eating at home or eating out, a

26、nd explain why. (A over B)l Eating at home is much better than eating out in the following aspects.1. A lot cheaper, more nutritious than to eat out, which does good to our health.2. Good for family, since when we are around table, taking about something happened during the day, it is the happiest m

27、oment in the whole day.3. However, eating out will provide you with different choices, which means you can have something Italian or Chinese.4. All in all, due to/owing to the reasons that Ive stated above make me eat at home a lot.Do you prefer to study in a big city or a small one, and explain why

28、? (A over B)l I would like to study in a big city rather than a small one with the following reasons.1. Big city-diversified culture2. Big city-advanced and developed equipment and study materials.3. Big city-different friends coming from different cultural backgrounds.Do you prefer to live alone or

29、 live with a roommate? Explain why.l Living alone.1. More private space that I can do anything I want anytime.2. I will be more independent, like I can learn how to arrange my life from food to laundry.l Living with a roommate.1. Learn a lot about how to get along with each other like taking care of

30、 other people.2. Share laughter and sadness with him or her.Should the universities and colleges open to every student or just a part of students? Explain why.l Yes.1. Every student has the right to receive higher education to pursue a fancy job and better life, especially to those who are poor but

31、very intelligent and diligent.2. It is the obligation of the universities and colleges that open to every student as education is supposed to treat every human being equal.3. Making possible that every student can be accessible to the higher education contributes to the development of our society, l

32、ike science and technology, and economy.Whether parents should lead their children to watch TV or the children should choose what they want to watch by themselves. Explain why.l Parents should lead their children to watch TV.1. Children are too naïve to tell the difference between good and evil

33、, when they are facing TV which is full of /flooded with adult materials like violence and crime.2. Children are too young to arrange their timetable. They need the guidance of parents.3. Besides, the current and urgent task for them is to concentrate on study, too much TV-watching will disturb thei

34、r study and come up with bad marks.Should schools open up music class? Explain why.l Yes.1. Enrich the curriculum.2. Singing a song is fascinating and happy.3. Enhance the study efficiency (higher efficiency)4. Music teaches rhythm which does good to our future.5. Learn to appreciate beauty. Do you

35、prefer to study in class or self-taught? Explain why.l Study in class1. Classmates, discussion, debating makes us understand a topic deeply, since if you want to persuade someone you have to provide sufficient and enough reasons.2. Teachers, guiding and helping. Whenever I come across a difficulty I

36、 can discuss with my teacher immediately.l Self-taught1. In the light of my own interests without the compulsory but quite boring subject.2. Master more for the study is more direct.Is attending colleges easier to be successful in career than not? Explain why.l Yes.l Attending colleges makes us stud

37、y more knowledge specially to make sure we understand more about the society.l More knowledge offers us skills and talents to deal with the problems that may appear in our future.l When we are at work, the urgent and important task we must face is how to solve the problems, and the solutions to those problems can be settled by not only professional knowledge but also wisdom which will be nourished by the knowledge weve got from colleges. Do you prefer indoor activities or outdoor activities in your spare time?