噪声监测论文

1、吉林化工学院设计性实验论文题目 吉林化工学院校园环境噪声监测教 学 院 环境与生物工程学院 专 业 安全工程 班 级 0901 学生姓名 胡彦宇 学 号 09360118 同 组 人 林乐辉（09360117）指导教师 邹继颖 2011 年 10 月 25日 吉林化工学院校园环境噪声监测摘要：噪声测量是对环境噪声进行监测、评价、控制的重要手段。本次实验采用网格布点法对吉林化工学院噪声污染情况进行监测，并针对数据对吉林化工学院的噪声情况进行了评价，并对噪声的主要来源进行研究,并根据实际情况提出了控制噪声的一些建议。关键字：校园环境噪声，噪声污染，噪声监测，噪声来源JiLin Institute

2、of Chemical Technology campus environment noise monitoringAbstract: the noise measurement of environmental noise is monitoring, evaluation and control of the important means. This experiment used the grid method of putting JiLin Institute of Chemical Technology noise pollution monitoring, and in the

3、 light of the data of JiLin Institute of Chemical Technology noise situation assessment, and the main source of noise, and according to the actual situation of the proposed control noise some Suggestions. Key word: campus environment noise, the noise pollution, noise monitoring, noise source 前言：一般认为

4、，凡是干扰人们休息，学习和工作的声音即不需要的声音统称为噪声。当噪声超过人们的生活和生产活动所能容许的程度，就形成噪声污染。环境噪声污染干扰人们的正常工作、生活和休息，严重时甚至影响人们的身体健康。噪声对人体的危害最直接的是听力损害，它可以使人暂时性或永久性失聪，即噪声性耳聋；噪声会影响人的睡眠质量，强烈的噪声真挚使人无法入睡，心烦意乱。【1】许多证据表明，噪声会引起人体紧张的反应，使肾上腺素增加，因而导致心率和血压的升高，从而引起心脏病的发展和恶化；噪声还能引起消化系统和神经系统方面疾病，胃溃疡和神经衰弱是最明显的症状；噪声对心理的影响主要表现为烦躁、激动、易怒、真挚失去理智；在特定条件下，

5、噪声甚至成为社会不稳定因素之一。正是由于这种种危害，目前噪声已成为世界性四大环境公害之一。【2】由于噪声渗透到人们生产和生活的各个领域，且能够直接感受到它的干扰，不像物质污染那样只有产生后果才受到注意，所以噪声往往是受到抱怨和控告最多的环境污染。通过对校园内噪声的监测可以更好的分析吉林化工学院的噪声情况，以便提出方案去解决噪声给学校带来的污染。1、监测点及监测时间的选择1.1监测点选择将学校划分为500×500m的网格，测量点在每个网格中心，若中心点的位置不易测量（如树木、污沟等），可移到旁边能够测量的位置，因此，布设点为：翰博食堂门口、广场湖边、篮球场、三教前、玉龙山、小南门。1.

6、2监测时间的选择监测时间一般分为白天（6：00 22：00时）和夜间（22：00 6：00时）两部分。本次监测采用的时间是白天，每四个半小时监测一次各监测点，监测时间分别为7：00、11：30、20：00。2、监测步骤2.1监测条件（1）天气条件要求在无雨无雪的时间，声级计应保持传声器膜片清洁，风力在3级以上必须加风罩（以避免风噪声干扰），五级以上大风应停止测量。（2）使用PSL-2型声级计或其他普通声级计。（3）手持仪器测量，传声器要求距离地面1.2m。2.2监测步骤（1）将学校划分为500×500m的网格，测量点选在每个网格的中心，若中心点的位置不宜测量，可移到旁边能够测量的位置

7、。（2）每组2人配置一台声级计，顺序到各网点测量，时间从昼间7：0018：00，夜间18：0022：00，时间尽可能相同。（3）读数方式用慢档，每隔5s读一个瞬时A声级，连续读200个数据。读数同时要判断和记录附近主要噪声来源（如交通噪声施工噪声工厂或车间噪声锅炉噪声等）和天气条件。3、监测数据处理（1）等级声效表达式：d= L10- L90=5Leq= L50+d2/60 （2）将各网点每一次的测量数据顺序排列出L10、L50、L90，求出等效声级Leq，再根据该网点一整天的各次Leq值求出算术平均值，作为该网点的环境噪声评价量。3.1数据统计经过两天的监测，对六个监测点的噪声数据进行了统计

8、，并进行了排列，选出了各时间段的L10、L50、L90并计算出了各点各时间段的Leq和平均Leq（见表一）。表一各监测点环境噪声测量结果统计地点时间L10L50L90Leq平均Leq翰博食堂门口1d早56.252.853.053.4854.801d中56.352.850.253.421d晚52.649.948.550.182d早54.951.849.052.382d中65.362.058.562.772d晚59.155.952.756.58广场湖边1d早59.855.050.556.4453.221d中49.646.344.246.791d晚49.346.343.346.902d早56.553

9、.850.654.382d中53.549.046.549.822d晚66.060.750.064.97篮球场1d早59.555.550.556.8552.071d中50.547.545.947.851d晚58.555.051.855.752d早57.854.651.855.202d中49.846.945.147.272d晚51.349.045.849.50三教前1d早45.842.84143.1852.231d中54.149.647.450.351d晚66.063.360.763.772d早54.551.048.551.602d中56.149.745.351.642d晚57.051.046.5

10、52.84玉龙山1d早44.842.040.842.2745.231d中50.245.442.346.441d晚59.450.642.955.142d早43.239.437.140.022d中48.546.545.046.702d晚44.640.238.640.80小南门1d早58.554.549.855.7657.841d中59.353.749.055.471d晚60.057.153.157.892d早55.548.544.250.632d中63.050.853.559.502d晚70.566.260.767.803.2噪声来源分析吉林化工学院处在工厂、车站、居民区附近，所以噪声来源多种多样

11、，下面对所监测的六个点进行分析。在翰博食堂前，挨着学校超市和其他几个公寓楼和二食堂，是学生经常过往的地方，所以是典型的生活区，所以人的走动和说话声成为了该点的主要噪声来源，而进行本次监测时三个时间点都赶上学生吃饭所以Leq较高。广场湖边紧邻学校正门，且挨着校外的马路，经常有学生在小湖边散步，所以该点噪声产生于校外车辆制造的声音和人的声音影响。篮球场在化工实验楼后面，是学生休闲活动的地方，受学生的走动和叫喊声音影响较大，噪声较大。三教是教学区，且此处紧邻二教和操场，因此不仅此处受学生走动和说话影响还收操场上踢球运动的声音影响，因此此处噪声也很大。玉龙山是学生休闲的地方，同时学生上课经过的地方，此

12、处主要受学生走路说话的声音影响。噪声相对其他几处地点较小。小南门是学生通往校外的一个主要通道，且也是学生回到九到十四号公寓楼的必经之路，因此学生和车辆经常在此过往，噪声也因此产生，早上中午晚上较为严重。4、结果与讨论经过了对我校六个监测点早中晚三个时段的测量及对这些数据的统计分析并结合噪声质量等级表，对我校校园噪声情况有了一个初步的评价。Leq在5675dBA之间的监测点只有小南门楼，根据噪声质量等级表被评为第四类型，噪声等级为坏，小南门是学生车辆活动较多的地方，噪声污染多来自外界，较为严重；Leq在5056dBA之间的监测点有四个，分别为翰博食堂门口、广场湖边、篮球场、三教前，这些监测点为第

13、三类型，噪声质量等级为一般，这些地点都是人的活动造成的噪声较为严重； Leq在4550dBA之间的监测点有玉龙山，这地点噪声等级为好，属于第二类型，这个点的噪声情况反映了在人活动少的地方噪声情况较好。综上所述我校噪声情况不是很理想，大部分地方噪声达到50dBA以上，在生活区的噪声情况大部分还可以但有的地方噪声较为严重，这影响了同学们的休息，而教学区的噪声情况不太乐观，大部分地方噪声严重，这将会影响学校的教学质量。5、建议从整体上来看,我校噪声环境质量状况一般,教学区环境基本满足正常的教学、科研要求，生活区有的地方噪声情况较为严重，为了更好地改善学校声环境质量,特提出以下几点建议:(1) 学校应

14、加强校内交通管理,对进入学校的车辆应限制车种类型,限制车速,禁止鸣高音喇叭,尤其应制止校外汽车、摩托车在校园内随意通行【3】 .(2) 加大力度宣传噪声对人体的危害性,增强学校全体教职员工和学生的环境保护意识,使降低噪声污染、保护环境成为人们的自觉行动.（3）在噪声传播途径上降低噪声：如对声源采用消声、隔振和减振措施，在传播途径上增设吸声、隔声等措施或利用自然地形降低噪声。参考文献【1】田玉军等，国内城市环境噪声污染研究进展J，重庆环境科学，2003（3）.37-39。【2】黄信佳，陈站，南宁市环境信息化建设现状及对策研究J.云南环境科学。【3】3 王可达,吴魏雄. 汕头大学校园环境噪声测量及

15、评价J . 汕头大学学报(自然科学版) ,1994 , 9 (1) : 7482.附录：原始数据2011年10月14日 星期五 晴 早7：00-8：00翰博食堂门口56.052.551.845.553.251.852.853.050.553.849.850.654.550.651.850.549.853.848.050.349.953.855.658.553.852.551.559.654.564.554.558.556.551.858.851.048.552.653.858.553.056.055.852.856.552.856.054.252.052.854.552.553.557.553

16、.855.156.252.554.056.053.057.553.051.055.551.049.053.850.853.051.554.052.560.054.553.850.056.053.856.262.060.050.154.055.551.050.053.051.854.049.050.849.054.047.552.849.853.855.060.056.055.852.848.255.050.054.550.854.049.058.251.454.256.255.851.850.651.654.550.356.056.852.652.350.649.649.050.851.047

17、.552.853.855.052.853.355.255.052.849.948.549.052.052.653.055.054.854.550.854.058.251.454.256.255.852.853.855.156.252.254.053.053.051.055.551.053.850.853.051.554.052.554.553.850.050.949.552.551.853.252.850.553.851.853.050.650.551.850.549.853.848.050.349.652.551.351.552.653.850.049.8广场湖边56.061.864.059

18、.054.563.058.556.550.056.254.550.552.056.055.059.557.062.558.861.054.059.854.560.058.259.054.857.855.052.561.548.055.848.553.050.556.848.058.454.852.548.553.859.555.062.055.854.848.060.557.054.050.856.258.552.850.548.556.858.555.052.854.853.057.459.057.854.256.547.547.056.053.054.848.053.846.855.048

19、.255.851.848.053.047.059.055.252.856.048.053.857.862.054.549.053.056.559.055.860.555.854.059.854.560.158.359.055.557.855.056.858.454.853.855.557.659.560.258.553.854.859.655.652.350.355.056.352.352.154.052.355.056.356.855.555.059.556.260.061.859.054.558.555.854.860.557.054.056.250.652.854.556.355.556

20、.658.552.050.650.556.352.651.552.454.850.756.658.255.554.255.056.352.352.955.054.653.050.556.854.856.555.056.051.550.650.054.054.556.054.852.559.654.855.058.960.061.058.056.055.055.552.3篮球场53.058.554.857.060.058.061.054.249.057.049.064.058.050.556.263.050.555.558.052.559.053.557.052.056.854.048.053.

21、055.850.858.564.055.057.853.563.061.056.854.252.859.049.057.054.550.859.654.553.854.850.548.057.045.258.047.059.048.055.057.053.055.852.857.461.849.559.054.557.852.850.559.063.053.555.552.564.057.848.857.056.459.855.849.060.055.248.559.062.549.063.553.049.056.063.058.052.056.263.057.048.057.055.253.

22、852.053.557.055.556.652.850.553.254.252.853.854.856.553.855.554.254.257.055.553.856.455.855.056.456.853.859.057.256.855.962.559.556.560.555.858.555.854.353.557.053.057.558.055.055.556.358.959.055.055.557.852.855.054.855.056.251.855.051.653.853.655.855.851.854.652.251.655.255.055.852.658.652.854.858.

23、058.457.855.852.855.857.855.552.856.258.055.557.056.854.252.859.049.057.054.550.856.654.5三教前49.051.849.852.044.546.843.542.543.840.845.243.041.841.049.845.040.243.842.040.541.843.041.842.541.542.041.041.845.042.840.245.042.543.044.241.542.841.841.042.843.541.844.243.045.441.043.642.043.049.541.043.0

24、41.843.046.543.549.543.844.841.542.042.841.842.643.241.844.542.541.040.543.245.042.041.044.047.842.845.541.842.041.043.052.054.543.241.841.042.541.042.041.542.540.841.541.843.841.841.043.041.840.844.540.540.041.040.547.044.546.244.845.841.842.641.843.844.542.543.041.042.441.842.541.843.042.040.843.0

25、44.041.041.842.440.542.841.846.040.841.042.840.040.841.047.044.542.841.843.541.842.541.241.643.045.843.042.641.841.045.642.341.040.642.041.042.144.242.444.641.842.544.045.243.844.043.849.542.844.843.045.044.242.844.141.541.045.543.841.042.844.241.542.841.844.246.045.443.045.045.546.843.843.0玉龙山43.84

26、5.244.044.845.843.842.542.041.541.042.041.541.040.541.541.040.843.041.842.044.043.042.043.042.843.542.542.042.541.241.841.042.541.241.841.042.542.241.841.643.042.641.841.042.441.840.841.841.540.840.541.541.841.540.542.844.541.047.040.841.841.040.841.041.842.840.542.443.044.041.041.840.842.043.041.84

27、2.541.842.441.043.042.544.543.841.842.641.845.844.846.244.547.040.541.040.039.840.539.844.540.839.839.039.839.840.041.040.544.544.846.243.645.841.241.842.441.041.841.842.541.842.443.041.843.845.844.242.041.840.540.045.242.046.345.644.441.842.041.041.843.043.844.242.441.844.043.044.041.041.842.442.84

28、3.542.542.042.541.241.841.042.541.241.543.042.643.841.842.443.042.640.841.540.844.541.040.540.845.243.844.044.845.843.841.542.041.542.540.842.544.246.442.545.042.343.643.041.840.841.042.045.345.0小南门54.556.555.858.854.857.551.054.557.548.059.053.060.050.547.054.251.848.050.556.558.255.854.557.055.057

29、.860.058.059.849.851.847.051.056.053.854.857.058.553.254.856.855.053.051.056.858.455.851.853.857.048.053.047.050.546.055.047.063.554.552.554.051.855.856.553.648.050.549.046.050.553.050.059.848.057.053.049.558.853.856.058.253.254.556.857.857.060.262.558.551.254.553.850.052.447.050.853.049.852.048.049

30、.050.548.053.646.050.553.659.857.053.053.856.054.553.258.256.857.057.862.560.553.854.551.258.553.051.055.056.857.053.254.856.855.053.051.056.855.858.450.151.053.653.050.554.853.256.051.049.851.850.855.054.055.053.056.857.554.556.558.255.854.556.254.553.050.547.054.556.555.858.854.657.551.254.556.757

31、.559.060.058.356.356.055.552.350.055.054.556.557.055.057.860.059.055.554.556.352.350.052.053.052.4中11：30-12：30翰博食堂门口55.452.958.554.355.850.853.953.155.051.852.653.050.652.051.754.352.954.752.551.852.452.354.553.055.151.253.052.353.757.052.451.254.253.954.153.252.756.459.355.451.551.149.153.352.853.4

32、51.948.255.659.952.950.353.651.248.148.551.753.552.248.850.957.752.555.551.452.250.756.350.454.752.656.451.251.950.352.053.249.255.248.852.452.150.250.355.851.752.549.951.247.049.151.056.561.952.849.949.851.554.954.652.954.752.551.853.054.552.352.453.757.052.451.252.353.051.255.155.459.356.452.754.2

33、54.151.257.053.451.953.351.156.153.654.152.853.452.953.648.150.353.652.852.554.352.050.655.152.151.253.756.452.256.350.450.354.756.448.855.249.250.248.853.250.052.452.550.349.155.251.950.752.256.554.954.652.552.455.453.954.255.555.152.352.954.553.952.759.355.451.551.053.455.653.548.850.957.752.255.5

34、56.451.549.150.6广场湖边48.851.554.548.845.344.347.047.649.758.051.949.248.649.047.647.044.346.247.247.145.648.647.148.146.346.046.14.947.243.945.747.644.745.548.647.647.347.358.047.047.045.346.044.943.249.047.349.948.245.744.447.046.446.647.554.547.756.750.446.243.946.044.545.649.143.845.645.045.445.84

35、7.145.944.346.844.446.243.944.143.646.048.445.151.949.648.544.443.944.747.646.046.245.347.145.545.444.245.244.356.748.745.544.743.945.747.644.745.548.647.647.644.745.547.347.347.045.346.044.946.045.347.043.249.047.349.948.245.744.444.947.048.245.746.646.450.046.543.946.044.547.644.349.748.848.849.75

36、0.051.249.248.644.646.344.347.247.143.943.145.046.346.442.444.545.544.446.047.047.245.346.243.244.946.247.247.145.648.647.148.146.844.446.246.043.944.143.646.045.148.446.849.648.443.947.646.646.245.347.145.445.444.245.6篮球场50.550.949.950.451.854.351.048.747.447.250.651.348.346.850.048.147.647.846.548

37、.347.647.246.447.346.345.948.446.150.549.048.150.447.846.747.645.951.146.745.947.047.046.646.747.349.347.848.046.646.346.448.147.347.647.448.750.049.750.050.647.246.950.046.347.546.949.045.847.146.146.247.346.048.245.546.347.146.245.945.948.348.847.248.749.347.950.346.449.146.246.145.847.146.347.347

38、.245.946.351.848.447.848.346.847.847.650.651.350.048.146.447.347.647.246.446.150.549.048.248.646.348.449.050.250.549.148.145.946.751.046.945.645.947.046.646.747.349.347.848.046.647.348.146.446.349.746.947.347.146.345.544.546.648.245.948.249.648.349.248.847.248.749.346.449.147.946.245.847.146.146.347

39、.345.945.849.046.945.948.246.146.345.547.148.351.050.950.550.451.250.651.349.947.846.548.347.347.746.345.948.446.149.050.5三教前50.949.047.749.647.852.350.953.457.253.548.249.551.346.847.747.446.148.548.751.649.446.949.350.648.546.249.248.049.447.451.748.649.947.149.052.553.748.848.747.646.752.149.651.

40、049.446.948.950.747.460.159.250.348.448.849.647.850.647.652.851.053.564.258.855.554.660.451.353.150.552.748.248.949.347.060.153.051.648.550.649.550.750.652.449.651.350.249.147.754.149.647.348.749.149.454.955.848.451.847.750.950.947.749.649.053.650.953.447.857.253.548.249.551.346.847.747.446.148.548.

41、751.649.446.949.350.648.546.249.250.649.246.949.451.748.649.947.749.052.553.948.848.753.648.848.746.949.452.151.050.750.349.648.646.348.248.548.847.550.652.851.053.555.552.749.053.054.660.451.350.548.248.949.347.053.051.650.649.550.750.652.449.450.650.552.449.651.349.049.954.955.848.451.854.954.155.

42、650.650.949.649.150.351.0玉龙山43.144.152.646.243.142.345.942.843.849.343.744.043.244.943.941.742.945.244.346.944.343.046.647.847.045.951.844.442.143.158.446.044.346.545.744.848.052.355.047.548.243.645.843.845.240.949.648.052.445.741.942.642.144.343.142.446.149.046.045.642.849.244.555.647.648.852.443.5

43、47.940.141.742.443.545.943.742.342.845.642.743.044.442.845.452.146.650.258.650.753.848.749.542.647.041.443.243.046.343.945.545.745.843.845.240.949.643.742.342.845.642.742.446.150.647.648.642.446.049.146.045.648.850.445.843.742.348.852.443.547.940.142.342.843.545.943.742.142.645.642.743.050.252.645.4