胎儿超声检查正常值

1、美中宜和妇儿医院超声检查手册一、正常早孕期1. 孕龄计算公式 孕天数=胎囊平均内径（长+宽+厚）/3（mm） +30±3天 2. 孕龄计算公式 孕天数=孕囊最大经线+3天此两个测量公式适用于孕7周之内，但有一定误差。3. 孕龄（天）=CRL+424. 孕龄（周）=CRL+6.5 此两公式适用于孕7-12周。测量时不包括卵黄囊及肢体，取胚胎躯体最长最直的正中矢面图，测量最长经线，最好取三次测量平均值。5. 胎囊每日生长速度：1-1.5mm/d 6. 正常早中期超声孕周可见孕周胚胎大小mm正常超声所见5可见小胎囊及卵黄囊，胎囊约占宫腔1/463.2胎囊清晰可见，可见卵黄囊、胎芽及胎心79

2、.3清楚可见胎芽、胎心，胎囊约占宫腔1/3815.7可区分胎头、胎体，胎囊约占宫腔1/2，可见蠕动922.6胎囊几乎占满宫腔，胚胎轮廓清晰，胎头、脑泡及肢芽可见1030.7胚胎肢芽清晰可见，活跃于羊水中，胎盘开始形成1140.6胎囊完全消失，胎盘清晰可见，四肢骨，指趾清晰可见1252.8胎儿颅骨光环清晰，脊柱及四腔心可见 简单记忆：5囊6芽7心8动9胎盘7. 胎儿停止发育胎囊平均内径2.5cm，未见胎芽或胎芽长0.6cm，未见胎心搏动。注意：观察胎心搏动要在2分钟以上8. 胎儿妊娠结局不良（1）孕囊平均内径-CRL5mm（2）孕早期胎心率80bpm9. 胎儿NT增厚 测量范围：头臀长44mm-

3、85mm 相当于孕11周2天-14周3天 正常NT3.0mm 50%的21三体，25%的18三体及10%的turner综合症NT或NF增厚 对于高龄孕妇（年龄大于35岁），唐氏高危者，孕11-12周，NT2.5mm，考虑增宽。二、产前筛查（孕11-14周）要求 测量胎儿头臀长并估计孕周 胎儿矢状面测量NT厚度和鼻骨的显示 胎儿侧脑室显示显示胎儿心脏、胃泡显示胎儿四肢 此期可筛查出的畸形：无脑儿、全前脑、脑膨出、四肢异常、NT增厚 如果检查胎儿NT增厚，注意胎儿鼻骨有无缺失或过短，有无三尖瓣反流。NT增厚应建议做羊穿检查。三、孕中期胎儿筛查要求1、 头部（1）颅骨大小：双顶径平面测量形态：正常为

4、椭圆形，无局部突出或缺失，无柠檬头或草莓头完整性：无骨质缺损骨密度：回声过弱或过强应考虑颅骨质矿化问题，如成骨不全、低磷酸酯酶症等。（2）脑结构侧脑室水平横断面：观察脑中线、脉络丛、侧脑室、透明隔丘脑水平横断面：丘脑、透明隔、经小脑横切面：小脑横径、小脑蚓部、大脑延髓池颅底横切面：大脑脚 Wellis环颅脑正中矢状切面：丘脑、胼胝体2、 脊柱 显示整个脊柱颈椎、胸椎、腰椎、尾椎（矢状、冠状切面）膀胱水平横切面显示三个骨化中心的排列3、 面部上唇的完整性、双眼眶、面部轮廓、口唇、鼻孔 矢状面显示鼻骨4、 颈部观察颈部有无肿物，如颈部水囊瘤或畸胎瘤5、 胸部胸廓形态规则，肋骨自然弯曲，无短肋；双肺

5、回声均匀，无纵膈或肿物；膈肌呈线状回声，分隔胸腹部脏器。6、 心脏正常四腔心，对称，左右室流出道，无膈疝证据，心率7、 腹部胃泡位置正常，肠管无扩张，双肾、膀胱均显示；脐带腹壁入口处可见8、 肢体显示双上肢、双下肢、双手、双足及其连接关系9、 其他胎盘：位置，有无肿物及副胎盘 宫颈内口长度、形态脐带：三根血管外生殖器、宫颈、子宫形态及附件(斜体部分为产前诊断要求)四、胎儿生物测量正常值1、胎儿头臀长与孕周孕周CRL孕周CRL孕周CRL孕周CRL孕周CRL10周0天3.0511周0天4.0512周0天5.2513周0天6.6514周0天7.9510周1天3.1511周1天4.1512周1天5.4

6、513周1天6.7514周1天8.0510周2天3.3511周2天4.4512周2天5.6513周2天7.0514周2天8.3510周3天3.4511周3天4.5512周3天5.8513周3天7.1514周3天8.4510周4天3.5511周4天4.6512周4天5.9513周4天7.3514周4天8.5510周5天3.7511周5天4.8512周5天6.2513周5天7.5514周5天8.7510周6天3.8511周6天5.0512周6天6.3513周6天7.6514周6天8.852、正常胎儿双顶径、 头围、腹围、股骨长（medison）孕周双顶径头围腹围股骨长131.90-2.347.2-

7、8.86.3-7.41.00-1.33142.35-2.748.9-10.407.5-8.61.34-1.66152.78-3.1710.45-11.958.7-9.81.67-1.99163.18-3.5511.96-13.49.9-11.02.00-2.30173.56-3.9113.45-14.7911.1-12.22.31-2.59183.92-4.2614.8-16.1912.3-13.42.61-2.90194.27-4.6016.2-17.3913.5-14.62.91-3.19204.61-4.9317.40-18.5914.7-15.73.20-3.46214.95-5.24

8、18.60-19.7515.8-16.93.47-3.74225.25-5.5419.76-20.8417.0-18.03.75-4.00235.55-5.8420.85-21.8918.1-19.14.01-4.26245.85-6.1421.90-22.8919.2-20.34.27-4.49256.15-6.4122.90-23.8920.4-21.44.50-4.74266.42-6.6823.90-24.8021.5-22.54.75-4.99276.69-6.9424.81-25.6922.6-23.65.00-5.25286.95-7.2025.70-26.5923.7-24.7

9、5.26-5.47297.21-7.4626.60-27.4024.8-25.75.48-5.69307.47-7.6927.40-28.1925.8-26.85.70-5.94317.70-7.9528.20-28.9026.9-27.85.95-6.15327.96-8.1929.00-29.7027.9-28.96.16-6.36-338.20-8.4229.80-30.4929.0-30.06.37-6.59348.43-8.6530.60-31.2030.1-30.96.60-6.79358.66-8.8831.30-31.8031.0-32.06.80-7.00368.89-9.1

10、031.90-32.5932.1-33.07.01-7.20379.11-9.3232.60-33.2033.1-34.07.21-7.40389.33-9.5333.30-33.8934.1-35.07.41-7.60399.54-9.7533.90-34.5035.1-36.07.61-7.80409.76-9.9634.60-35.1036.1-36.97.81-8.00419.97-10.1635.20-35.7037.0-37.98.01-8.24210.17-38.0（1）BPD孕31周前，每周增长约3mm，孕31-36周增长1.5mm/周，孕36周后，增长1mm/周；在孕12-2

11、8周测值最接近孕周。受胎方位、不同头形或胎头入盆等因素影响，孕晚期BPD测值会出现较大偏差。（2）孕30周前FL增长2.7mm/周，31-36周增长2mm/周, 36周后增长1mm/周。3、超声参数解读：（1）头径指数CI=头短轴径BPD /头长轴径OFD 正常范围70%-86% 头径指数在正常范围时，BPD适合评估体重。头径指数小于70%或大于86%时，应该用头围来评估体重。（2）FL/AC 正常 20%24%FL/AC < 20% 可能为巨大儿 FL/AC> 24% 可能有IUGR，应放弃AC测量（3）FL/BPD 正常 71%87%如FL/BPD < 70 %，则放弃F

12、L测量如FL/BPD > 87 %，则放弃BPD测量（4）HC/AC 正常 0.961.17 正常孕35周前，腹围小于头围；孕35周左右，比值基本相等；孕35周后，腹围大于头围。（5）FL/HC 小于3SD 提示骨发育不良。 4、胎儿小脑横径正常值（参考美国妇产科学1987年）孕周10th50th90th孕周10th50th90th孕周10th50th90th1614161724222528323338421716171825232829333240441817181926252932343340441918192227263032353140.547201820222827313436

13、3643552119222429293438373745552221232430313540384048.555232224263132384339525255孕24周前，小脑横径约等于孕周，孕20-38周，平均增长约1-2mm/周；孕24周后，小脑横径值明显大于孕周，妊娠38周后，平均增长约0.7mm/周。5、胎儿小脑蚓部正常值孕周（周）前后径（mm）顶尾径（mm）周长（mm）面积（cm2）21-2210. 6±1.411.1±1.143.8±3.30.9±0.223-2412.9±1.112.3±1.447.5±5.51

14、.2±0.225-2613.5±2.113.6±0.950.9±4.41.4±0.227-2816.3±2.716.0±1.658.9±6.82.0±0.529-3017.5±2.217.7±2.164.7±6.52.3±0.431-3219.0±1.919.2±1.170.7±6.92.8±0.433-3419.2±1.919.8±1.072.7±8.33.0±0.835-3621.4

15、±1.521.2±2.377.6±5.13.4±0.337-3822.1±3.823.0±4.680.7±9.93.9±1.439-4025.7±2.325.0±2.686.7±7.04.9±0.76、诊断小头畸形头围参考值（ cm 李胜利）孕周正常-2SD-3SD-4SD孕周正常-2SD-3SD-4SD201814.513.111.63128.626.024.523.02119.215.714.312.83229.426.825.323.92220.316.915.414.

16、03330.227.626.124.62321.418.016.615.13430.928.326.825.32422.419.117.716.23531.528.927.526.02523.420.218.817.33632.429.528.126.62624.421.319.818.33732.930.128.627.22725.322.320.819.43833.930.629.127.62826.223.321.820.33934.231.029.528.12927.024.222.721.54034.831.429.928.43027.825.123.622.07、胎儿第四脑室正常范

17、围胎儿第四脑室 宽径： 0.48±0.11mm， 前后径：0.27±0.0895%百分区间范围 宽径： 0.31-0.68 前后径：0.15-0.41 8、胎儿眼部生物学测量正常值孕周5th眼外距50th95th5th眼内距50th95th5th眼距50th95th1251323491313613815255914247141018285101435815132030610144691615223261015579171725346111558101819273771116691119222939712167912202431418121781013212633438131

18、781113222835449131891214233037469141810121524313948101419101315253341501015191113162635425111152012141627364453111620121417283845541216211315172939475612172113151830414857131722141618314250581318221416193243516014182314171933455261141923151719344653621519241517203547546315202415182036485564162025161

19、82037495665162125161821385057651721261618213950586617222616192140515967182226161921孕20周前，眼外距=眼内距=眼间距； 孕20周后，眼内距略大于眼外距9、胎儿孕期鼻骨正常值孕周百 分 位 数孕周百 分 位 数5th50th95th5th50th95th121.82.84.2287.69.812.1142.53.85.3307.91012.6163.44.76.2328.610.513.6184.35.77349.110.912.8205.26.78.3367.810.912.8225.87.59.3389.31

20、1.715.7246.88.3104010.412.114.5267.48.910.910、胎儿胸围的5、50、95百分位（妇产科超声学第5版） 孕周5th50th95th孕周5th50th95th166.49.111.92918.22123.7177.31012.83019.121.924.6188.21113.7312022.825.5199.111.914.63220.923.726.4201012.815.53321.824.627.3211113.716.43422.825.528.22211.914.617.33523.726.429.12312.815.518.23624.627

21、.3302413.716.419.13725.528.230.92514.617.3203826.429.131.92615.518.2213927.33032.82716.419.121.94028.230.933.72817.32022.8正常胎儿心围/胸围约等于0.40 胎儿心脏面积/胸围面积约为0.25-0.33。胸围与腹围的正常比值在0.83-0.95，胸围与头围的正常比值在0.68-0.92。11、锁骨长度参考值（cm）medison孕周生长参数最小值最大值孕周生长参数最小值最大值353.63.14.1383.93.44.4363.73.24.23943.54.5373.83.34

22、.3404.13.64.612、正常胎儿不同孕周胃泡大小（cm 李胜利书）妊娠龄（周）例数前后径长径13-15150.3-0.50.6-1.216-18290.4-0.80.9-1.719-21170.6-1.01.1-2.122-24110.6-1.21.3-2.525-27140.5-1.51.3-3.328-30170.9-1.51.8-1.831-33181.1-1.71.9-3.734-36151.0-1.81.9-3.737-39161.2-2.02.3-4.113、正常胎儿不同孕周胆囊大小（cm 李胜利书）妊娠龄（周）长径横径15-191.00.320-221.50.423-24

23、1.90.625-262.10.627-302.10.731-342.60.735-402.70.6514、胎儿各孕周脾的长度测值（cm 李胜利书）妊娠龄（周）第五百分位均值第95百分位180.71.42.1201.11.82.6221.52.22.9241.92.53.2262.02.73.4282.43.13.8302.73.44.1323.13.84.5343.54.35.0364.14.85.5384.75.46.2405.56.27.015、胎儿孕龄小肠和降结肠直径 mm孕周（周数）小肠腔大小结肠腔大小平均数最大值平均数最大值10-151.011.5215-201.223.6520-

24、251.424.4625-301.838.01330-352.9611.41635-403.7816.826>404.4818.72816、正常胎儿不同孕周肾脏径线测值前后径横径纵径孕周5th50th95th5th50th95th5th50th95th162610610137131817371161014101520184812610141217221959137101414192420610137111515212621610148121517222822711158121619242923812169131721263124913171014182228332510141811151

25、924293426111519121619253136271115191216202732372812162013172128333829131721141822293540301418221519233136413114182216202432374232151923172024333843331620231721253439443416202418222635404535172125182226354146361721251923273641473718222619232737424738182226192327374348391923271923273843484019232719232

26、7384449孕24周 肾脏长2.2-2.7cm, 孕32周 肾脏长2.8-3.3cm，孕足月，肾脏长3.6-4.1cm，肾周长/ 腹围 0.27-0.33 17、正常胎儿四肢长骨12-40周胎儿四肢长骨第5、50、95百分位测值mm（李胜利书）孕周股骨胫骨腓骨肱骨尺骨桡骨5th50th95th5th50th95th5th50th95th5th50th95th5th50th95th5th50th95th1248137697713611161096111651015610141491418712176121991419813188131715121721915209152112172211162

27、111152016152024121722131823152025131823131822171823271520251321281822271621261420261821253017222715233120253019242915222919242833202530192633232833212631202429202631362227332128362530352429342227322129343825303524313728333826313624293322323641273238273339303540283338273134233539443035402835423338423

28、136412632392437424632374129374535404533384326344225404449344045344045374247354045313641264247513742473642473944493742473237432745495439444937445041465139444933394528475256414651384553434853414651334048295054594348534147544550554348533642473052566145505543495647515644495436434931545963475257425159485

29、358465156384450325661654854594252635055604853583745533358636750556046546251566149545941465134606569525762465565535863515661404753356267715358645157625459645257624148543664687355606554586356616553586339485737657074566167545965576267556065454953386771765863685661655963685661664549543968737759646956626

30、760657057626745505440707479616671596367616671586368465055(1) 染色体异常胎儿的长骨异常主要表现为肱骨短。(2) 胎儿短肢畸形时,肱骨测量不适用于推测孕周。(3) 股骨与肱骨测值低于平均值2倍标准差以上，可认为股骨或肱骨短。低于平均值2倍标准差以上5mm，则可能有骨骼发育不良。18、不同孕周胎儿足长百分位数mm （2000年）超声5版孕周10th50th90th孕周10th50th90th孕周10th50th90th1515182223384246315963671617212524414549326165691720242825444

31、851336468711823273126475154346670741926303327495357356973762029323628525659367175792132353929545862377477812235394230576164（1） 当FL/ 足长< 0.85 时，提示胎儿染色体异常，该指标在孕1624周较为敏感。（2） 正常FL/ 足长比值 0.871.11（3） 当FL/FOOT <0.87 ；FL/AC 16提示股骨过短19、正常羊水指数可信区间（cm 妇产科超声学 第五版）孕周5th50th95th孕周5th50th95th孕周5th50th95th16

32、7.912.118.5259.714.722.1348.114.224.8178.312.719.4269.714.722.3357.914.024.9188.713.320.2279.514.622.6367.713.824.9199.013.720.7289.414.622.8377.513.524.4209.314.121.2299.214.523.1387.313.223.9219.514.321.4309.014.523.4397.212.722.6229.714.521.6318.814.423.8407.112.321.4239.814.621.8328.614.424.2417

33、.011.619.4249.814.721.9338.314.324.5426.911.017.5 20、脐静脉平均流速（cm/s）妇产科超声学第五版孕周平均流速孕周平均流速孕周平均流速5th50th95th5th50th95th5th50th95th205.77.910.7276.569.0312.18347.4110.1613.66215.828.0610.9286.689.1912.39357.5310.3213.87225.948.2211.1296.89.3512.6367.6510.4814.08236.078.3811.3306.929.5112.81377.7810.6414.

34、29246.198.5411.5317.049.6713.02387.910.814.5256.318.7111.8327.179.8313.23398.0210.9614.71266.438.8712337.299.9913.44408.1411.1214.9221、大脑中动脉多普勒评估胎儿贫血孕周不同等级的贫血所对应的大脑中动脉收缩期血流峰值阈值cm/s正常轻度贫血中度贫血重度贫血1823.229.934.8362025.532.838.239.52227.93641.943.32430.739.54647.52633.643.350.452.12836.947.655.457.23040

35、.552.560.762.83244.457.366.668.93448.762.973.175.63653.56980.282.93858.775.788914064.48396.699.822、脐动脉阻力指数和S/D正常值（妇产科超声学）孕周阻力指数S/D5th50th95th5th50th95th160.70.80.93.395.1210.5170.690.790.893.274.869.46180.680.780.883.164.638.61190.670.770.873.064.417.9200.670.760.862.974.227.3210.650.750.852.884.046

36、.78220.640.740.842.793.886.33230.630.730.832.713.735.94240.620.720.822.643.595.59250.610.710.812.573.465.28260.60.700.82.53.345.01270.590.690.792.443.224.76280.580.670.782.383.124.53290.570.670.772.323.084.33300.560.670.762.262.934.14310.550.650.752.212.843.97320.540.640.742.162.763.81330.530.630.73

37、2.112.683.67340.520.620.722.072.613.53350.510.610.712.032.543.4360.500.600.701.982.473.29370.490.590.691.942.413.18380.470.570.671.902.353.08390.460.560.671.872.302.98400.450.550.651.832.242.89410.440.540.641.802.192.81420.430.530.631.762.142.7323、大脑中动脉阻力指数的参考值孕周5th50th95th孕周5th50th95th180.540.690.7

38、9310.650.800.91190.570.710.81320.650.790.90200.590.730.83330.640.780.89210.610.740.85340.630.770.89220.620.760.86350.610.760.87230.630.770.87360.600.750.86240.640.780.89370.580.730.84250.650.790.90380.560.710.83260.660.800.90390.540.690.81270.660.800.91400.520.670.79280.660.800.91410.490.640.76290.6

39、60.800.91420.460.620.74300.660.800.9124、子宫动脉阻力指数与搏动指数孕周阻力指数5th 50th 95th搏动指数5th 50th 95th180.220.450.660.510.891.41190.200.430.640.460.841.36200.190.420.630.440.811.33210.190.410.620.420.801.31220.180.410.620.410.781.29230.180.400.610.400.771.28240.170.400.610.390.761.27250.170.390.600.380.751.26260

40、.160.390.600.370.741.25270.160.390.590.370.741.24280.160.380.590.360.731.23290.150.380.590.360.721.22300.150.380.580.350.721.21310.150.370.580.350.711.21320.150.370.580.350.711.20330.150.370.580.340.701.19340.140.370.570.340.701.19350.140.360.570.330.691.18360.140.360.570.330.681.17370.140.360.570.3

41、30.681.16380.140.360.570.320.671.16390.140.360.560.320.671.15400.140.360.560.310.661.1425、不同孕周正常胎儿心脏心房心室大血管测值（测值为舒张期 单位：mm）孕周20-23周24-27周28-31周32-35周36-38周左室横径8.16±1.279.90±1.4511.60±1.6113.12±1.4913.69±1.51右室横径8.63±1.7410.25±1.5012.02±1.7213.73±1.5714.69±1.77左房横径7.82±0.589.22±0.7710.81±1.7012.04±1.7915.53±1.21右房横径9.42±1.1211.15±1.2112.82±0.8615.17±2.218.33±2.15室间隔2.38±0.632.48±0.372.90±0.413.28±0.493.64±0.48卵圆孔长度5.05±0.9