人教版高一英语必修一Unit2知识点梳理及练习

1、人教版高一英语必修一unit2学问点梳理及练习（带解析）1. 重点词汇official adj官方的正式的 . 公务的voyage n航行航海conquer战胜. 占据 because of由于native本国的；本地的 n本地人本国人 come up 走近，上来提出actually实际上，事实上base 依据 n基部；基地，墓础at present现在；目前gradual逐步的 . 逐步的 enrich使富有；充实，改善vocabulary词汇. 词汇量 . 词表 make use of利用 使用latter较后的后平的；（两者中）后者的.fluent流利的 . 流畅的frequent ad

2、j频繁的常见的usage使用. 用法. 词语惯用法command命令；指令；把握request恳求；要求dialect方言expression词语；表示表达midwestern中西部的 . 有中西部特性的africanadj非洲的：非洲人的；非洲语言的play a part in）扮演个角色：参与2. 短语归纳1. 不只有一种英语more than one kind of english2. 在一些重要方面in some important ways3. 彼此不同 be different from one another4. 与现代英语不同be different from modern /

3、 present day english5. 世界英语 world englishes6. 起着的重要作用play an important role / part7. 起着越来越重要的作用play a more and more /an increasingly important part / role8. 由于它特殊的作用because of its special role9. 国际语言 an international language10. 在 16 世纪末 at the end of the 16th century11. 在 17 世纪初 at the beginning of

4、 the 17th century12. 在 20 世纪前期 in the early 20 th century13. 比以往任何时候都than ever before14. 即使 even if / even though15. 以德语为基础be based on german16. 使用更大的词汇量make use of a wider vocabulary17. 它自己的特色its own identity18. 众多讲英语的人a very large number of english speakers19. 学英语的人数the number of people learning e

5、nglish20. 快速增长increase rapidly21. 标准英语standard english22. 信不信由你 believe it or not23. 讲最好的英语speak excellent english24. 相邻的城镇 neighboring towns25. 从一个地方搬到另一个地方move from one place to another26. 充分利用不同的方言make full use of different dialects27. 目前的形势 present situation28. 国际组织 an international organization

6、29. 词汇与惯用法vocabulary and usage30. 辨认出他的腔调recognize his accent31. 中西部地区的方言midwestern dialects32. 发出命令 give commands33. 提出客气的恳求make a polite request要点提炼section a重要词语辨析1. voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour【说明】voyage:去国外或较远地方的海上旅行columbus succeeded in making a voyage to america in 1942.journey:指较远的从一地到另一地旅

7、行，距离较远，多指陆地they will make a journey to beijing by :一系列的旅程，泛指旅行 we had six days travel by car. trip:短途 旅行the greens will take a weekend trip to the great wall.tour:为了公务、消遣或训练参观多处名胜的旅行we will make a tour of hainan next week.【练习】用上面所供应的辨析词的适当形式填空1.itistiringtotakea long by trainfrom paristo

8、moscow. 2. the from england to australia used to take severalmonths.3. we ll have time for a to france next weekend. 4. we went on a guided round the castle.1. recognize/realize/know(1) recognize指原先很熟识，经过一段时间的间隔或别的缘由后又重新认出来；(2) realize强调在经过一个过程后的明白；(3) know是连续性动词，指相互间特别熟识、特别明白 应用 11onlyafteryou lose

9、yourhealthwillyou the importance of health.2i've tom for years.3i him as soon as he came into the room2. such as/for example/that is/and so on1such as用于列举事物经常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间，且其 后不用逗号，直接跟所列举的事物，可与like互换；它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和，否就就用that is或 namely ； 2for example主要用于举例说明，其前后多用符号隔开；其位置比较敏捷，可位于句首、句

10、中或句末such as只能位于所列举的事物之前 ； 3thatis相当于 namely ，它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事 物的总和；4andso on对几个事物进行列举时， 在说了其中的几个以后， 用.and so on进行概括，说明仍有例子，但不一一列出了； 应用 21my daughter studies four subjects in school, ， chinese, maths, english and pe.(2) overcooking烹饪过度 ,， destroys manynutrients养分素 .(3) he can speak some other lang

11、uages, french and german.(4) there are some books, pens, erasers in my bag.3. especially/ specially【说明】especially意思是“特殊，特殊”，表达事物的不平常或特殊重要specially指为了某一目的，特地做某事【练习】用上面所供应的辨析词的适当形式填空1). our city is very beautiful, in spring.我们城市很美丽，特殊在春天；2). he came here to ask you for help.他是专程来这里向你求助的；4 a number of

12、/ the number of【说明】a number of意思是“如干；很多”the number of意思是“的数目”【练习】用上面所供应的辨析词的适当形式填空1). today people learning chinese in the world is raising rapidly.2). books in the market are in english.重要词性变化1. actualadj.实际的actually adv.实际上；事实上2. base n.基地；基础base v.以为依据basic adj.基本的3. east n.东方eastern adj.东方的；东部的【

13、练习】用括号内所供应词的适当形式填空1) what did he say. actual2) the cost was much higher than we had expected. actual3） my knowledge of physics is pretty . base4） she used her family's history as a for her novel. base5） this novel is on historical facts. base6） he is interested in customs. determine7 the wind is

14、 blowing from the . determine重点词汇，短语，句式1. officialadj.官方的；正式的；公务的you willhave togetofficialpermissiontocutdownthetrees.你得获得官方批准才可以砍伐这些树；there will be an official inquiry into the matter.将对这件事进行正式调查；【拓展】 official或 officer两者都有官员的意思，但是所指不同1，official常指政府官员或行政官员2，officer常指身特定降服的官员，如军官或者警官等；练习：我爸爸是军官，而他爸爸

15、是政府官员；my father is an in the army, while his father is an in the government.2. voyagen.航行；航海；航天the voyage from america to france used to take two months.从美国到法国的航行通常要花2 个月的时间；例题：他们要进行横越大西洋的航行；they want to across the atlantic.从水手辛伯达的几次旅行中，他学会了很多关于大海的学问；from of the sailor sinbad, he knew a lot about th

16、e sea.3. nativeadj.本国的；本土的n.本地人，本国人the women are native people.这些妇女是本地人；finally, she returned to her native land.她最终返回了她的祖国；the panda is a native of china.熊猫原产于中国；【留意】 native做形容词用时，只能做前置定语； be native to意为（动植物）是特有的，原产于 the tiger is native to india,这种虎产于印度；4. actuallyadv.实际上；事实上（相当于 infact/as a matter

17、 of fact）he looked calm, but actually he was very nervous.他看起来很镇静，实际上却特别紧急；perhaps i will stay up and watch the film. actually, i think i will just go to bed.或许我会熬夜看这部电影，不过我想我仍是去睡觉吧；【其他】 actuallyadv.竟然；竟然he actually expected me to pay for the ticket.他竟然盼望我给他付票钱；actualadj.实在的；实际的；实际上；的确what were his

18、actual words.他究竟怎么说的？5. basevt.以为基础n.基础；基地；i based my hopes on the good news we had yesterday.我把期望寄托在我们昨天的得到的好消息上；thisprovidesa good base forthedevelopment ofnewtechniques.这为新技术的进展奠定了良好的基础；base sth on sth以某事物为另一事物的依据或基础be base on以为基础on the base of以为基础an air base空军基地the story is based on facts.这个故事是以

19、事实为基础的；one should always base ones opinions on facts.一个人的观点应当以事实为基础；6 gradual adj.逐步的，逐步的 gradually adv.逐步地，逐步地things gradually improved.情形已经慢慢地改善；gradual adj.逐步的，逐步的thisisa gradualchange inhisattitudetowardshisstepmother.他对待继母的态度正在逐步转变；7. latteradj.较后的；后半的；后者的 she lived a hard life in the latter pa

20、rt of her life. 在她的后半生，她过的很辛苦；【留意】the latter 已提到的两者中的 后者，通常与 the former前者 相对应they aretwo choicesforus. manyboys support thefarmer,but i favour the latter.留意区分 later后来8. frequentadj.频繁的；常见的his visit became less frequent as time passed. 随时时间的消逝，他慢慢不常登门了；frequently adv.经常；频繁的buses run frequently from t

21、he city to the airport.公共汽车不断的从城市开往机场；词组 1. because of由于；由于 典例1. they are here because of us.他们是由于我们来这里的； 短语归纳 because of是复合介词；because是从属连词，引导缘由状语从句； 练习 he came late to school againhe got up toolate. the girl cried what the teacher said. we have to cancel our trip the bad weather. because of的近义词组tha

22、nks to由于；由于as a result of由于的缘由by reason of 因 为due to 由于，由于owing to 归功于thanks to his help, i finished the task on time.多亏了他的帮忙，我按时完后了任务；i had to stay at home due to the weather.由于天气缘由我只能呆在家里；2. come up 走近；上来；提出 典例1. the little came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station.小男

23、孩向生疏人走去，并告知他去警察局的路；3.itiscertainthatthequestionwillcomeup atthemeeting.这个问题在会议上肯定会被提出来的；5. i am afraid something urgent has come up.唯恐发生了什么急事； 短语归纳 come across 邂逅 偶遇come about 发 生come at 向扑来 , 攻击 come from来自come out出版; 开花；结果是come up with想出 come true实现 come down下来；传承 练习用 come构成的词组填空；1). the hunter wa

24、lked across the forest when suddenly a bear him.2). the magazine once a month.3). i wish you can to england on your holiday.4). the engineershas newways ofsavingenergy. 5. they an old school friend in the street thismorning.3. at present现在，目前1. present n.礼物 adj.在场的；目前的vt.赠送 典例1). the mountain bike i

25、s a birthday present from my parents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物；2). i am afraid i cant help you at present.唯恐现在我没法帮忙你；3). in the present case, i advise you to wait.依据目前的情形，我建议你等等；iamafraidican thelpyou justatpresent-iamtoobasy.唯恐现在我帮不了你，我太忙了； 重点用法 at present=at the present time=now目前，现在be present at出席；到场 反义：

26、 be absent frompresent sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送给某人【留意】present作为 adj. “现在的； 当前的” 讲时，常做前置定语；而做“出席的，到场的”讲时，常做后置定语；he doesn t know how to deal with the present problem.他不知道就呢么应对当前的局势；the people present at the meeting are advanced workers.出席会议的人都是先进工作者； 练习中译英1). 全部（那些）在场者一眼就看出那个错误；2). 这本书是哥哥

27、赠送给我的；4. make use of利用；使用 典例1. you ought to make good use of any opportunity to practiseenglish.你应当好好利用机会练习英语；use 前可加形容词，表示不同程度的利用； 短语归纳 make good use of好好利用 make full use of充分利用 make the best/most of充分利用 use up用完，耗尽you are not making the best use of your talents.你并没有充分发挥你的才能； 练习1.要充分利用一切机会说英语；2.我们要

28、很好地发挥她的才能；5. such as例如；像这种的1). such poets as keats and shelley wrote romantic poetry.有些诗人 ,如济慈和雪莱 ,写的是浪漫主义的诗歌2). wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了关于 such asfor examplethat isand so on见辨析 练习用 such as或 for example填空1). i like drinks tea and soda.2). the repo

29、rt is incomplete; it doesnt include sales infrance, .句型 1.why not go by underground.为什么不坐地铁去呢？why not +v 原 句式，表示提出建议或对某些建议表示同意；=why don t you/we do.2. which country do you think has the most english learners. 说明 本句包含一个结构，疑问词+do you think/believe/expect/find/know/suppose/suggest +陈述句此结构又称为双重疑问句，用来征询对

30、某一观点的看法，判定，熟识，推测和恳求，表疑问的 插入语又起到主句的作用，所以其后肯定要用陈述句语序；留意：假如插入语是 do you suggest时，句中的谓语动词应用should+动词原形what timedoyouexpect we willcome and pick you up？你期望我们几点来接你？whatdoyousupposehewilldo after he hears about the good news ？你认为他听到那个好消息后会做什么呢？whydoyouthinktheirteam couldwin thefootballmatch.你认为他们队为什么能赢得那场足

31、球赛呢？3. today, more people speak english as their first, second ora foreign language than ever before.如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为其次语言或者外语； 说明 than ever before常与比较级连用，意为“比以往任何时候更”；如：the starswere shiningbrightlyinthedarksky,and thenight was more beautiful than ever before.繁星点缀在夜空里，夜晚比以往更美； 练习

32、中译英1.简看起来比以前美丽多了；2.雨下得比以前更大；【拓展】：1 引导让步状语从句的引导词仍有although,though,no matter when/what., whenever, wherever, however等等；2as也可以引导让步状语从句， 但要把其表语、 谓语或宾语前置，且前置的单数名词不行以加冠词； even though you achieve great success in your work, you should not be conceited.即使你们在工作中取得了庞大的成果，也不应当自满； whatever you do, do it well.不管

33、你做什么，把它做好； however hot it is, he won't take off his hat.不管多热，他都不摘下帽子； girl as she is, she can go alone in the darkness.尽管她是个女孩，她敢一个人走夜路； 即境活用 12007 ·浙江 many ofthem turneda deafear tohisadvice, they knew it to be valuable.a as ifbnow thatc even thoughd so that 4.native english speakers can u

34、nderstand each other even ifthey don t speak the same kind of english.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互懂得；句中 even if是连接词组，用来引导一个让步状语从句，意为“即使；尽管”相当于even thoughwe wouldn t buy the car even if we could afford it.即使我们付得起这笔钱，也不会买这辆车；【留意】此句型主将从现的用法we will visit the museum even though/if it rains tomorrow.即使明天

35、下雨我们也要去参观这家博物馆；【辨析】 even though/if和 as if/thougheven though/if表示“尽管；即使”引导让步状语从句as if/though表示“似乎”引导方式状语从句或表语从句，其从 句一般用虚拟语气， 如所陈述的情形很有可能实现，也可以用陈述语气；even if he is poor, she loves him . tom looks as if he were an artist.5.at first the english spoken in england between about ad450and 1150 was very diffe

36、rent from the english today.第一，大约在公园 450 年到 1150 年间，英国人所说的英语与今日所说的英语很不不一样；本句中两个 english 后面都跟了过去分词 spoken 做后置定语，相当于定语从句 which/that is/was spoken, 过去分词作定语表示被动或完成；have you read any short stories written by lu xun. the building built there is our lab.【留意】过去分词作定语的时候，单个的分词作定语的时候，一般位于其修饰的名词前； 分词短语作定语， 一般位于

37、其修饰你的名词之后，被过去分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的规律主语， 该分词与被修饰词之间存在动宾关系；the stolen car was found by the police last week.警察上周找到了那辆失窃的车；section b 重点词汇，短语，句式1. usage n. 使用；用法；词语惯用法it s not a word in common usage. 这不是一个常用词；car usage is predicted to increase. 汽车的使用频率估计会增长；【辨析】 use 和 usage作为名词，两者都有“使用”之意，但是用法略有不同；usage做“用法”讲的

38、时候，侧重某物的使用方法或惯用法，做“使用，利用”的时候，侧重于事物的使用频率；use 做名词用时，意为“用，使用，得到利用”，强调的是某物“被使用的事实或状态”；current english usage当代英语惯用法land usage土地的利用i am not sure that is the most valuable use of my time.我不能确定我的时间这样支配是最有价值的；【例题】 i don t know the of the world.thechurch was builtinthetwelfthcenturyand isstill in today.usageu

39、se2. command n.& v.命令；指令；把握1. the officer commanded his soldiers to fire.那名军官命令士兵们开火； 重点用法 command sb. to do sth命令某人做某事be under the command of由指挥 , 由掌握in command of掌握be at ones command 听任某人支配 have / take command of指挥 特殊提示 command后接 that从句时要用虚拟语气shouldnot+动词原形， should可省略the general commanded that

40、 we should attack at once.将军命令我们立刻攻击； 练习用适当的介词填空1). forthefirsttimeinyears,she felt commandofher life.2). the army is the kings direct command.3). the policearrivedand tookcommand thesituation.3. request n.& v.恳求；要求 典例1.your requestswillbe granted.你的恳求能够获准； .2. i requested him to help.我恳求他帮忙； 重点

41、用法 at the request of sb = at one s request依据某人的要求 /恳求in request有需求，受欢迎by request依照恳求，应邀request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事 被动形式： sb be requested to do sthrequest that sb should do要求某人做某事request做动词，如后接从句作宾语，从句要用虚拟语气，谓语部分要用 shouldnot+动词原形， should可省略she requestedthatno one shouldbe toldofher decisionuntil the

42、 next meeting.她要求在下次开会之前不要告知任何人她的打算；【扩展】像 request /command一样，其后的名词性从句的谓语用“ should+动词原形”的常用词有：一个“坚持 insist”；两个“命令 order，command”；三个“建议 suggest ， advise ，propose ”；四个“要求 demand， ask， require，request”； he requested me write a letter of recommendation. he requested that i write a letter ofrecommendation

43、. the passengers request to show their passports.练习中译英；1.我是（特殊）应你要求而来；2.请不要吸烟；三者都有“要求”的意思，但是用法略有不同；(1) 如要某人做某事ask 最通俗，最口语化；(2) request主要用于较正式的讲话和文字中，常用于通告中，多用于被动语态；(3) beg是以谦恭的姿势要求赐予帮忙，可以为“祈求”i asked her to shut the window.passengers are kindly requested not to smoke in the car.乘客请勿在车厢内吸烟；he knew he

44、 had hurt her and begged her to forgive him.重点句型： it is not easy for a chinese person to speak english as fluently as a native english speaker.对于中国人来说，把英语讲的像以英语为母语的人那样是很不简单的；本句中含有一个it+be+ 形容词 / 名词 +for sb to do sth句型；其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，介词for用来引出不定式的规律主语；it is not easy for her to solve the proble

45、m by herself.对于她而言，独自解决这个问题不简单；it will be a mistake for you not to do your homework.不做作业对你来说是个错误；【留意】该句式中的形容词如是kind,good,nice,clever,silly, wrong, right, stupid, rude, impolite,等表示主观情感和态度的词时，后面的介词我们用of 而不用 for；it is kind of you to think so much for us.=you are kind to think much of us.你能为我们想这么多真实太好了

46、；if you use “flat ” instead of “ apartment ”, people in america will know you have learnt british english.假如你用“ flat ”而不是“ apartment ”, 美国人会认为你学的英式英语；本句中含有一个“ insteadof ”句式，意为“替代，而不是”后面接介词短语，名词或者动名词；we just had soup instead of a full meal.我们没有吃全餐，只喝了汤；now i can walk to work instead of going by car.现

47、在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了；section c重点词汇，短语，句式1. expressionn.词语；表达；表示；表情he looked at me without expression.他毫无表情地看着我；do you know that expression.你知道这个表达吗？2. recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认 典例1). i recognized her by her red hat.我依据她的红色帽子认出了她；2). everyone recognizedhim tobe thelawfulheir/asthelawfulheir.大家都承认他为合法继承人； 重点

48、用法 recognizeby sth认出或识别某人 / 某事物 be recognizeas sth被承认某人 / 某事物是 recognizeto be承认是recognize +宾语从句意识到；承认练习中译英 1.人们都承认他是他们理所当然的领导；2.我认出他是我伴侣的哥哥； 答案:1. he is recognized to be their natural leader.2.i recognized him as my friends brother.【辨析】 recognize和 knowrecognize指你原先很熟识，经过一段时间间隔或者别的缘由然后又重新认出来，是短暂性动词；k

49、now 是连续性动词，指相互特别熟识，特别明白；ididn trecognizethe famous singerbecause she wore glasses. we have known each other for five years.3. straight adj.笔直的；正直的adv.直接；挺拔 典例1. this is a straight road.这是一条直路；2. she went straight from school to university.她中学一毕业就立刻进了高校； 练习中译英 1. 我的领带系得正不正 .2.始终往前看；4. block vt.堵塞；阻碍

50、n.街区；木块；石块 典例1. he lives three blocks away from here.他住的地方与此处相隔三条街 .2. a large crowd blocked the corridors and exits.人群把走廊和出口都堵死了 重点用法 a block of一大块block out堵住block off封锁；封闭block up堵塞；阻碍 练习中译英1.他们在绕楼群漫步； 2.大雪堵塞了全部通往苏格兰的道路；重点词组 1.play a part in扮演一个角色；参与 典例 1. she plays an active part in local politic

51、s.她积极参与地方政治活动；2. she played a major part in the success of the scheme.她对该方案的胜利起了重要作用；翻译：中国在当今世界扮演着重要的角色； china is playing an important part/role _in the world today. 短语归纳 take part in sth参与,参与（某事物for the most part整体上 ;通常;多半the best part of sth（某事物的）绝大部分（尤指一段时间）for my part就我来说 练习中译英1). 有多少国家要参与（世界杯赛）

52、？2). 对我来说 ,到哪儿吃饭都无所谓；其他短语 2ever before从前3even if/though即使4 over time长期以来5 . in the early days在早期6. believe it or not信不信由你7. anumber ofn.很多, 大量.作主语时 ,谓语用复数 . the number ofn.的数量 .作主语时 ,谓语用单数a number of people have read this novel. the number of people here is 50.重点句型 1.believeitornot,thereisno such thingas standardenglish