最新七年级英语必修单词名师精编资料汇编

1、The status of the small-scale peasant economy (impact) : Self-sufficient natural economy has always been dominant in China's feudal economy; Over a longer period of time to promote the development of the social and economic progress; Natural economy strong existence is China feudal society devel

2、opment the important reason for the slow and protracted.Ancient China's main economic thought and economic policy(1) economic thoughts: based on farmers;(2) economic policy: heavy farming business suppression policy;(3) understanding: the change of land system and the adjustment in essence refle

3、cts the law of development of production relations to productive forces.Second, the development of handicraft industry in the ancient China The development of handicraft industry in ancient paintedThe development course of low:In the late primitive society, handicraft industry and agriculture separa

4、tion: Xia dynasties: handicraft industry by the government monopoly:The spring and autumn period and the warring states period: officer, camp, private handicraft industry, household three forms.Low main manufacturing sector and achievements(1).Copper smelting technology: the neolithic age in bronze,

5、 bronze casting technology during the period of the chow tai;Iron smelting technology: the spring and autumn period and the occurrence of iron; Iron farm tools to promote the warring states period.Status: (2) the porcelain porcelain was invented in China, a large number of exports, as a new symbol o

6、f Chinese civilization(3) textile () is the symbol of Chinese civilizationFrom: the first country to invent the silk weaving technique; "Silk" The silk road.MianFangYe: Ming dynasty: replace the silk linen cotton, become the main material of the public. Taken the ancient handicraft industr

7、y mode of operation (the official camp, private, family)Camp officer handicraft: government unified management; Large, fine division of labor, the highest; Abundant funds; In the early Ming have occupied handicraft industry leading position Private handicraft: the spring and autumn period and the wa

8、rring states period: the private industry and commerce, handicraft industry after the middle period of Ming dynasty more than officer camp, dominant, and generate employment relationshipThird, the development of ancient Chinese businessTaken the business development1, the rise of businessShang dynas

9、ty period, "businessman", currency for shells; Characteristic: the business is controlled by the government;The spring and autumn period and the warring states period: in many commodity markets and bigbusinessmen; Features: controlled by the government business situation has been brokenQin

10、 and han dynasties: qin unified goods silks, weights and measures, han opened land and seasilk road; Performance: foreign trade development, appeared a lot of business centerSui and tang dynasties: the city prosperity, in the city ", "" fang", become a foreign trade port inguangz

11、hou2, business prosperityBoundaries of song dynasty: high breaking, fang, business activities without being limited by the time; In the earliest paper money "jiaozi" in the world; The reasons of prosperity in the overseas trade developed the commercial:(1) from division to local unified, l

12、ay the foundation for economic development;(2) the height of the development of agriculture, handicraft industry, for the rise of business provides a solid material foundation;(3) the government gradually relax the geographical and time limit value of the transaction (breakthe city, the lane boundar

13、ies, there are morning, night market);(4) the amphibious transportation convenience is conducive to the development of foreign trade;(5) notes appear to promote the prosperity of the businessThe Ming and qing dynasties: urban economic prosperity, numerous regional merchant groups have sprung up arou

14、nd a business group, which is the strongest and jin merchants of huizhou merchants, the activities of the anhui merchants throughout all parts of the country Taken the ancient commercial development characteristics1) after the creation of business development, to prosperity in song and yuan period;(

15、2) domestic and foreign trade comprehensive prosperity;(3) the government gradually relax restrictions on business, but long-term heavy farming business suppression policy, hindered the rapid development of business;(4) business will always be a complement to the natural economy, is not dominant.Fou

16、r, the bud of capitalism and "heavy agriculture business suppression" and "order" policy Taken the generation and slow development of the burgeoning capitalism1, the Ming dynastyCauses: (1) the development of agriculture and handicraft industry, promote the development of commodi

17、ty economy, commodity economy is the necessary condition of capitalism germination in mid and late Ming dynasty, appeared in the south of the Yangtze river in the commodity economy developed the bud of capitalism(2) a department: private handicraft industry in the textile industry, ceramics, etc(3)

18、a sign: the appearance of the manual workshop (i.e., the emergence of "room")(4) : "the contributive machine, mechanic capacity", machine between households and mechanic is the nature of capitalism and the employment relationship(5) purpose: is to increase profits, expanding repr

19、oduction 2, the qing dynasty developmentTo the beginning of the qing dynasty, the continued development of capitalism germination, the performance in the manual workshop scale, more fine of labor division, departments and regions. 3, the understanding of the bud of capitalism of the Ming and qing dy

20、nasties(1) of the emergence of bud of capitalism of the Ming and qing dynasties, represents the general trend of the development of social progress in China;(2) the capitalist sprout in only a few areas, the few industry is sparse and weak;(3) the capitalist sprout development is very slow, always w

21、ander in the bud, natural economy is still dominant.4, hindering factors:Root cause is the decadent feudal system, on the one hand, is further strengthening of centralizedsystem, on the other hand is a self-sufficient smallholder economy is still dominant, promote the rulers adopted a series of meas

22、ures to restrain the development of capitalism.Specific displays in: (1) national policy (scorn, suppression, a sea and ban); (2) the domestic market is narrow; (3) lack of expanded reproduction. U "heavy agriculture suppression" policy1, produce: produced in the warring states period of s

23、hang Yang reform, later became the traditional feudal society of our country economic policy, throughout the feudal society.2, reasons: (1) "scorn" suppression policy is the inevitable outcome of the feudal self-sufficient natural economy (2) strengthen the feudal rule.3, introduce the pur

24、pose of: direct purpose: to ensure that Hong Kong and levying land rent.Fundamental purpose: to consolidate the feudal rule.4, the main content of the agriculture as the root of the national economy and people's livelihood, more attention and protection; Of business activity is suppressed.5, the

25、 characteristics of the farming business suppression policy: (1) belittle merchants position; (2) limited scope of business; (3) tax; (4) ban on foreign trade. 6, "the farmer" suppression policy evaluationPositive role: the early feudal society attach great importance to the protection of

26、agriculture agricultural production and small-scale peasant economy, promote the development of agriculture, strengthen the feudal rule.Negative effects: during the Ming and qing dynasties, hindered the development of commodity economy and the bud of capitalism, has violated the law of economic deve

27、lopment, is in modern China behind one of the important reasons. And lead to economic structure is too single. Taken the "order" and "closed"Reasons: (1) to prevent the western colonial invasion and struggle against qing (2) the ruler wascomplacent idea; 3. Root cause: the seal o

28、f the natural economy is the root of the policy.Content: the ban on Chinese sea trade; Limit the foreign trade in ChinaHazard: hampered the expansion of overseas market, hindered the development of commodity economy and the capitalist sprout; Make China's long-term and isolated from the rest of

29、the world, behind the trend gradually.The evolution of the project three mainstream of Chinese traditional culture U u u exam outlineWhen the spring and autumn period and the warring states period of the hundred schools of thought contend "han dynasty Confucianism as orthodoxy" neo-confuci

30、anism Ming and qing dynasty Confucianism【 examination combing 】The schools of thought contend, the spring and autumn period and the warring states period 1, the causes of the formation of hundred schools of thought contend(schools of thought contend, and in the spring and autumn, thriving in the war

31、ring states period, it is the product of specific historical era)(1)? The spring and autumn period and the warring states period, the development of productive forces is the root cause of the schools of thought contend in the material conditions for academic and prosperity;(2) social change and the

32、conflict situation contributed to the social environment of freedom of thought;(3) establishes the rise of education is relatively popular, has trained large quantities of talents(4) the warring states to the new army, racing to honour worthy men of letters, reuse talent2, the representative figure

33、of thought and their exponents and thoughtsConfucius philosophy thought core is "benevolence", "the ritual" (opened, the line after the ritual) Political ideas - (1) advocated governing with (including people-based thought) (2) put forward the "name"Education thought, &

34、quot;no child left behind", "according to their aptitude"Evaluation: (1) are not valued at that time, after the modification of form a complete system of Confucianism, will become the mainstream of Chinese traditional culture; (2) is important in world history. Was touted as "the

35、 saint"Mencius political thought - "benevolent governance" (core), "the people your jun light"Philosophy - "goodness"Moral ideas - after righteousness, first imagePersonality spirit, which requires people to have "wealthy man whom no money and rank can confuse

36、, no power," the personality of spiritEvaluation: (1) "mencius" be regarded as a classic, listed as one of the "four books" after; (2) to establish a system of political theory of "benevolent governance," has become an important founder of Confucian school; (3) inh

37、erited and developed Confucianism, revered as "the saint", to produce a great impact on the traditional culture.Xunzi philosophy - (1) "nature is the true law" mandate of heaven "system and use the" (materialism)(2) "of" evil human nature "(but with evil

38、change good education can make the person) The politics - is given priority to with moral codes, manners and shiEvaluation: (1) basic inherited the Confucian thought, but not for the Confucian orthodoxy. (2) as hundred thought the warring period, has profound influence on Chinese philosophy.Low Taoi

39、st:Laozi philosophy - (1) "tao" is the origin of the universe, no "manifest destiny"(2) the thought of dialectics (contradictory antithesis and conversion) Politics - "laissez-faire", "a small country"Evaluation: (1) the first Chinese philosopher, to explore t

40、he universe origin; (2) and profound ideological system of Chinese culture, has a far-reaching influence.Low legalism:Han fei ideological positions - (1) method and potential, to establish absolute monarchycentralized(2) think that history is the development, the reform innovation.Evaluation: (1) ma

41、ster of han fei's legalist school; (2) the thinking to establish a unified centralized political system needs. Method of Confucianism,Since then become the theoretical foundation of the social dominant ideology in ancient China.Low mohism:Mozi thought that universal love, not attack, attachingEv

42、aluation: (1) represents the lower working people, especially the interests of the producers, became a distinguished school in the warring states period; (2) has been widely absorbed, the warring states period is no longer valued in the future.3, the history of the hundred schools of thought contend

43、The spring and autumn period and the warring states period of the hundred schools of thought contend is the first time in the history of Chinese thought liberation movement, laid the foundation for China's later thought development, to a great extent, constitutes the basic spirit of the Chinese

44、nation traditional culture, had a great influence on later generations, until today still affects people's thought.Second, the han dynasty Confucianism as orthodoxy1, dong on the new development of ConfucianismPromote dong shu will Taoism (learn) of huang Lao, the yin-yang school, transform trad

45、itional Confucianism, legalism together forming new Confucianism, new Confucianism mainly increased the content of the four aspects: (1) induction between heaven and man; (2) the divine right of Kings; (3) three cardinal guides " (4) unified.Political claim to realize unification, in order to s

46、trengthen the sovereignty, maintain absolute monarchy; "Ideological ousted hundred," the author, in order to maintain the feudal autocracy of thought.2, become the orthodoxy of reasons:(1) the new Confucianism to strengthen national unity, maintaining the order of feudal rule and deificati

47、on has a positive role in imperial power (root cause);(2) to keep pace with The Times, Confucianism absorbed other doctrine, ruled by a critique of the current politics to maintain the pre-qin reality.3, influenceTo: helps strengthen centralized and cracking down on local kingdoms, to adapt to the e