十大意外发明

1、肆无心插柳柳成荫：十大意外发明 （组图）羂俗话说有心栽花花不成、无心插柳柳成荫，这句话用到科学发明上也有相应的例子！本文为你总结了科学界十个经典的“意外”发明。个个都是在无意识的情况下，促成了伟大的发明！虿青霉素的发现袇 The Prin ciple of Limited Slopp in ess is a phrase used to describe fortuitousor accidental discoveries (we' re talking screwups) that actu ally helped humankind. The best-known example

2、 was by Alexander Fleming. Halfway through an experiment with bacteria, he up and went on vacation. Slob that he was, he left a dirty petri dishin the lab sink. When he got back, he found bacteria had grow n all over the plate,except in an area where mold had formed. That discovery led to two things

3、: 1)peni cilli n and 2) Mrs. Flem ing hiri ng a maid。祎所谓“有限马虎原则”指的是那些最后对人类有实在好处的偶然或意外的发现（实际这些发现一开始就是被搞砸了 ）。最有名的例子来自亚历山大弗雷名，他把细菌试验做到一 半就跑去度假了。而马虎如他，把一个脏培养皿丢在实验室的水池里。等他回来，他发现细菌已经长满了整个培养皿，除了一小块有霉菌的地方没有。这个发现导致了两个后果：1.青霉素的发明；2.弗雷名太太雇了一个女佣。肃白兰地的发明肁Inven tor: A Dutch shipmasterWhat Happe ned: He used heat

4、to concen trate wine in order to make it easier to transport, with the idea of adding water to reconstitute it when he arrived袁 Big Discovery: Concen trated wi ne is better tha n watered-dow n wine。腿 As a result: "Bur nt win e," or "bra ndewij n" in Dutch, became a big hit. Calli

5、t brandy, since after a few drinks of the stuff, there ' s no way you can pronounce brandewijn so a bartender can understand what you' re ordering 。蚆 发明者：一个荷兰船长肃 时间：16世纪袂事情发生的经过：为了让红酒更方便运输，船长加热红酒使其浓缩，到了目的地之后再加水稀释它。芈大发现：浓缩后的红酒比用水稀释的好喝。膅 结果：在荷兰，"烧着的红酒”或者"brandewijn ”变的大受欢迎。而几杯酒下肚之后，很

6、明显你就发不清“ brandewijn ”这种音。所以为了让酒吧吧员知道你在点什么，人们简称这种酒为"brandy ”，也就是如今大名鼎鼎的白兰地。螃麻醉剂的发明羄Inven tor: Horace Wells衿 What Happened: In its salad days, nitrous oxide was strictly a party toy, since it made people howl like hye na. But a friend of the den tist took too much of thestuff at a laugh in g-gas

7、stage show and gashed his leg。薄 Big Discovery: The friend hadn ' t realized he ' d hurt himself。螁 As a result: Nitrous oxide became an early form of an esthesia。螈发明者：豪斯威尔芈 时间：1844年芄事情发生的经过：在一氧化氮（又称笑气）使用初期，它是标准的派对玩意儿。因为人们吸了它就会像土狼一样乱嚎。直到某次，一个牙医的朋友吸了太多，而他划伤了自己的脚。螂大发现：这位脚受伤的仁兄根本不觉得痛。賺 结果：笑气因而变成麻

8、醉剂的早期形式。蚈糖精的发现肄Inven tors: Con sta ntin Fahlberg and Ira Remse n艿 What Happened: After spending the day studying coal tar derivatives, Fahlbergleft his Joh ns Hopk ins laboratory and went to dinner。肇 Big Discovery: Someth ing he ate tasted particularly sweet, which he tracedto a chemical compo und h

9、e'd spilled on his hand. Best of all, it turned out to becalorie-free 。螅 As a result: He cut Remse n and the uni versity out of millio ns of dollars whe n he secretly pate nted the breakthrough discovery, sacchari n蚁发明者：康斯坦丁法堡和伊拉雷森蚂 时间：1879年薆事情发生的经过：在研究了一整天的煤矿衍生物之后，法堡离开他约翰霍金大学的实验室回家吃晚饭。薅大发现：他吃到了

10、某种特别甜的东西（明显不是晚饭本身），于是他追溯到了自己手上沾到的某种化学成分（沪江小编注：糖精，从煤焦油中提取的物质。）而且最棒的是，这种糖 精完全没有热量。螂结果：法堡摒弃了伊拉（指导他完成论文的导师）和所在大学，偷偷申请了糖精的专利螀橡皮泥的发明Year: 1943silic oneoil and boric acid in an attempt to find a cheap alter native to rubber fortank treads, boots, etc 。袈 Big Discovery: It did n't work. But the scie ntis

11、ts had a blast bouncing andstretchi ng his mistake, whe n they were n't using it to tran sfer comics onto paper虿 As a result: Kids had a blast playi ng with the Silly Putty too。羆 发明者：詹姆斯怀特薁 时间：1943年芁 事情发生的经过：在战时，通用的工程师将硅油和硼酸混合、试图制造出能用于坦克、靴子的橡胶。肇大发现：他的尝试没有成功，但科学家们重新设计和延伸了这项发明。螆 结果：孩子们开始普遍地玩橡皮泥。蚃口

12、香糖的发明tree, as a substitute for rubber. After mounting failures, the dejected inven torpopped a piece into his mouth 。蚄 Big Discovery: He liked it!蚁 As a result: Adams New York No. 1 became the first mass-produced chew ing gum in the world. 口香糖羇 发明者：汤马斯亚当羃 时间：1870年蒁事情发生的经过：他在用 chicle，一种南美洲的树液做实验，以寻找橡

13、胶的替代物。在无数次失败后，这个郁闷的发明家干脆丢了一块到嘴里！袀大发现：他居然喜欢！莇结果：亚当纽约一号成为了世界上第一个大批量生产的口香糖！螃微波炉的发明薃Inven tor: Percy Spe ncerthe microwaves for radar systems.for other uses for the mag netro n, which gen eratedbar in his pocketWhile Spencer was standing next to the device one day, a chocolatemelted。蒄 Big Discovery: The

14、 mag netron worked eve n better on popcor n薄 As a result: Orville Rede nbacher became very rich芁发明者：帕西斯宾塞膅 时间：1946年膄事情发生的经过：二战结束之际，雷声公司的工程师想为磁控管寻找新买家。磁控管在二战中用以给雷达系统提供微电波。当斯宾塞某天站在设备旁， 他发现他口袋里的一条巧克力融化了。莁大发现：磁控管被用以制造微波炉，用它来做爆米花效果更好!葿 结果：Orville Rede nbacher（美国著名爆米花品牌）变得很富有!衿合成染料的发明螁 What Happe ned: He

15、was intent on discoveri ng a cure for one of the deadliest diseases in the world, malaria。莈 Big Discovery: While trying to replicate the malaria fighter quinine in hislaboratory, Perk in in adverte ntly discovered the color mauve in stead蚅 As a result: Perkin forgot about malaria and made a mint est

16、ablish ing the syn thetic dye in dustry 。芀发明者：威廉帕金袀 时间：1856年螇事情发生的经过：他本来是试图制造疟疾药奎宁的（沪江小蒅大发现：当他把制造奎宁的原料放入反应锅中，竟意外地发现了一种淡紫色编：世界上第一种人工合成、非天然的颜色）。节 结果：帕金由此忘记了疟疾，转而发展合成染料工业。肇肉毒杆菌在美容上的应用腿 Inven tors: Alastair and Jea n Carruthers莃 What Happe ned: The couple were using small doses of a deadly toxin to trea

17、t "crossed eyes" eyelid spasms and other eye-muscle disorders whe n they no ticed an in teresti ng side effect。莀 Big Discovery: Wrin kles magically disappeared薆 As a result: The expressi onl ess face became the "it" look, tha nks to Botox羆发明者：卡卢瑟夫妇膀 时间：1987年葿事情发生的经过：这对夫妻本来是小剂量地使用这种致命毒素（肉毒杆菌）来治疗斗鸡眼和其他眼部肌肉疾病的，而他们却发现了药物的一些副作用。肅大发现：副作用就是，眼部周围的皱纹都奇迹般的消失了！结果：肉毒杆菌被大量运用于美容界，虽然注射之后会导致整张脸僵硬!仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use.Nur f u r den