动名词的用法

1、高中英语语法之动名词、含义v-ing,动名词具有名词的动名词兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为 性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。动名词有时态和语态的变化。动名词的时态和语态的基本形式：（以write为例）语态一般时完成时主动语态writi nghaving written被动语态being writtenhaving been written注意：动名词的否定形式是：n ot writ ing、动名词的基本用法1用作主语-常表抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。Smok ing is bad for your health.Play ing with fire is dan

2、 gerous.Swimmi ng is her favorite sport.游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。Lear ning is importa nt to moder n life.学习对现代生活很重要。 不定式也可以做主语。不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不定式作主语时经常表示具体的、一次性动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作或习惯性动作。Gett ing up early is a good habit.To get up early this morning made me sleepy. 动名词作主语，有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。It is no use/ good do

3、ing.（ 做。没有用）;It is fun doing.（做。很有趣）;It is a waste of time doing.（做。是浪费时间）等句型中。例如：It ' no use crying over spilt milk.（ 覆水难收）It is fun playi ng with childre n.和孩子们一起玩真好。1It is a waste of time persuad ing such a pers on to join us.说服这样一个人加入我们当中来是浪费时间。2. 作宾语 作某些及物动词的宾语常见的动词有：advise，avoid，delay，esca

4、pe，excuse，enjoy，consider，finish，deny，fancy， keep， mind （在乎）postp one， pardon ， practise， suggest， imagi ne 等。 need，want， require 后接动名词，表示被动意义。女口： Would you mind ope ning the door ?请你把门打开好吗？Fancy meeti ng you here. 真想不到在这里遇见你。 作介词的宾语He left without sayi ng good-bye to us.他没有和我们道别就离开了。On arriving at t

5、he airport ， I saw my mother standing in the crowd ， waving to me. 一到机场，我就看见我母亲站在人群中，向我招手。 作某些词组的宾语常见的词组有：give up , go on，put off，can't help，can't stand ，be worth ，be devoted to，be accustomed to，be used to，object to ； insist on，look forward to ，be sure of，be keen on，be fond of， be good at， b

6、e tired of， be interested in，be afraid of, cannot help 情不自禁 be tired of 厌烦做某事 insist on 坚持 depend on/upon 指望，依赖 set about着手做 get down to 着手做 feel like 想要 lead to 导致等。pay attention to例:I'm looking forward to having the summer holiday in Kun-ming.我盼望去昆明度暑假。He gave up smok ing several mon ths ago.几

7、个月前，他戒烟了。 某些词组后接动名词作宾语时，可省略词组中的介词。常见的词组如下：He spends hours （ in） reading newspapers everyday.他每天花数小时阅读报纸。We must n't waste time（ in） argui ng.我们不能浪费时间争论。The young doctor lacks experienee（ in） doing such kind of operation.那年轻的医生在动这种手术上缺乏经验。We must stop/preve nt the tee ns （from） smok ing.2我们必须阻止这些

8、十多岁的孩子吸烟。We had a hard time (in) fin di ng jobs. 我们一度找工作找得很苦。They earn a living ( by) doing housework for other families.他们为别的家庭做家务来谋生计。speaking English.trouble (in) They have (no)difficulty他们讲英语（没）有困难。注意: 不定式也可以做宾语I want to study En glish.I hope to have a cha nee to go abroad. 有些动词后即可加动名词也可加不定式，区别不

9、大在begin ，start ， continue 后接动名词和不定式都可以，一般情况下意义相同。playing basketball last year.女口： They started去年他们开始打篮球。to play basketball last year.但如果碰到以下情况，begin和start后须用动词不定式：（a）主语是物：The milk began to boil. 牛奶开始煮沸了。（b ）后接心理活动或状态的动词：They bega n to kn ow the dan ger ahead of them.他们开始意识到他们有危险。（c）begin和start用于进行时态

10、：They were starti ng to have dinner whe n 1 went in.我进去时他们刚要吃饭。（d）后接被动式：The TV tower started to be built several years ago.电视塔是在几年前开始建造的。 在need，want， require后接动名词和动词不定式的被动式，意义相同，都表示被动，表示需要被的意思。如：repairing.The TV set needs这电视机需要修理。to be repaired.3looking after.The child wants这小孩需要照顾。to be looked afte

11、r.check ing.The washing machine requires这台洗衣机需要检查。to be checked. 在hate, like , love, prefer后可接动名词，也可接不定式，但意义不同，接动名词表示经常发生的动作，而接动词不定式则表示某一具体的动作。如：I like travelling .我喜欢旅游.I like to travel to Suzhou with you.我喜欢和你一起去苏州游玩.I hate swimming.我不喜欢游泳I hate to swim in that swimming pool.我不喜欢在那个游泳池游泳在remember，

12、 forget， regret后接动名词表示已做过的事，而接动词不定式表示动作还未发生。如：I still remember being taken to the park.我仍记得被带去那个公园Please remember to teleph one me whe n you havearrived.当你到后,记得给我打个电话.I regret telling him the truth.我后悔告诉他事实真相I regret to tell you that you have n't passed the exam.我很抱歉地告诉你，你没有通过考试. mean，try，go on,

13、 stop后接动名词和动词不定式，意义完全不同：Mean doing 意味着例如： His breaking the arm meant his doing things carelessly.丫 他摔坏了手臂意味着他做事粗心。mean to do 打算做例如：I meant to say I was sorry.我想说声对不起。rtry doing试试看（用某种方法）例如：If you can't work out the problem this way , try doing it in that way.J如你用这种方法做不出这道题，试用那种方法。4try to do设法、试图

14、例如：rm trying to open the door , but I don't think I can.我正设法打开门，但我想我是徒劳的。厂go on doing 继续干某事例如： He was reading when he beard the door bell. He opened the door and we nt on readi ng.他在看书时听到门铃响。他开了门又继续看书。go on to do接着又去干另外一件事。例如：When he finished doing his homework ， he went on to practise playing t

15、he piano.他做完作业后，接着又练习弹钢琴了。stop doi ng sth. 停止做某事。(例如：Would you please stop talking ？ Let's listen to the story.请你们停止说话，我们来听故事。stop to do sth.停下来去做某事。如：例如：rm tired. I want to stop to have a rest.我很累。我想停下来休息一会。3. 作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。Your tas

16、k is clea ning the wi ndows.你的任务就是擦窗户。(Clea ning the win dows is your task.)What I hate most is bei ng laughed at.我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Be ing laughed at is what I hate most.)Teach ing is my job.= My job is teach ing.我的工作是教书。 动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是“某件事”等。例如：his part-time job is promoti ng ne

17、w products for the compa ny.(动名词)他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。Readi ng is for sure lear ning, but appl ying is also lear ning to a greater exte nt.(动名词)5读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。Their task is explori ng oil mines in the west. （动名词）4、作定语动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般表示被修饰的词的用途和性能。例如：swimming pool 游泳池 reading material 阅读材料 wa

18、lking stick 手杖a walk ing stick=a stick for walk in g=a stick which is used for walk inga wash ing mach in e=a mach ine for wash in g=a mach ine which is used for wash inga readi ng room=a room for readi ng=a room which is used for read ing三、动名词的逻辑主语（1）动名词的逻辑主语（动作的发出者）一般用名词所有格 （XX' S）或物主代词（my ,your , his, her, our, their）充当。这种用名词所有格或物主代词+动名词构成的 形式叫复合结构。如：Would you mind my opening the door ?我开门，你介意吗？Would you mind ope ning the do