中考英语被动语态和现在完成时态 经典ppt课件

1、12 英语动词有两种语态：英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态主动语态 ( Active Voice) 被动语态被动语态 ( Passive Voice) 主动语态表示主语是动作的主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.3be + 及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词有人称，数和时态的变化有人称，数和时态的变化41. 一般现在时：一般现在时：am / is / are + 过去分词过去分词 2. 一般过去时：一般过去时：was / were + 过

2、去分词过去分词 3. 一般将来时：一般将来时：will+ be + 过去分词过去分词4. 现在进行时：现在进行时：am / is / are + being + 过去分词过去分词5. 过去进行时：过去进行时：was / were+ being + 过去分词过去分词6. 现在完成时：现在完成时：have / has + been + 过去分词过去分词 7. 过去完成时：过去完成时：had + been + 过去分词过去分词8.过去将来时：过去将来时：would+ be+过去分词过去分词9. 含有情态动词：情态动词含有情态动词：情态动词+ be + 过去分词过去分词 歌诀：被动语态歌诀：被动语态b

3、e字变，过去分词跟后面字变，过去分词跟后面三、各种时态的被动语态三、各种时态的被动语态51） 不知道动作的执行者是谁不知道动作的执行者是谁2）没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁）没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁Eg. The house was built in 1950. 这座房子是这座房子是1950年建的。年建的。Eg. Many trees must be planted every year. 每年必须种许多树。每年必须种许多树。63） 需要强调或突出动作的承受者（即宾语）需要强调或突出动作的承受者（即宾语） Eg. Calculator cant be used in the math exa

4、m. 计算器不能用于数学考试。计算器不能用于数学考试。4）动作的发出者不是人）动作的发出者不是人Eg. Many houses were washed away in the flood. 许多房子在洪水中被冲走了。许多房子在洪水中被冲走了。7五、主动语态变被动语态五、主动语态变被动语态1. 主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。2. 谓语动词变为相应的被动形式即谓语动词变为相应的被动形式即be+过去分词，（注意其人称和数随主语做出变过去分词，（注意其人称和数随主语做出变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。）化，而动词的时态则保持不变。）3. 主动句的主语变为被动句中主动句的

5、主语变为被动句中by的宾语（宾格），如不需要则可省略。的宾语（宾格），如不需要则可省略。4. 其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。8They make the bikes in the factory. . The bikesin the factory.are madethembyWe speak English.by us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态Englishis spoken 91.People play football all over the world.2. The old man on TV te

6、lls a story on Sunday.3. Students listen to the kind teacher carefully. Football is played all over the world by people.A story is told by the old man on TV on Sunday.The kind teacher is listened to by students carefully. 把下列的主动句变为被动句。把下列的主动句变为被动句。10六、被动语态的特殊情况六、被动语态的特殊情况1.在主动语态中在主动语态中, ,使役动词使役动词mak

7、e, let, have等及感官动词等及感官动词see, watch, hear, notice, feel等等,其后跟省其后跟省to的的动词不定式动词不定式(即动词原形即动词原形),在变为被动语态时在变为被动语态时,必须加上不定式符号必须加上不定式符号to。 1) The boss made him work 14 hours a day. He was made to work 14 hours a day. 2) I see him walk to school. He is seen to walk to school. 112. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可以把指含有双宾语的主动

8、句变被动句时，可以把指“人人”的间接宾语变为主语，也可把指的间接宾语变为主语，也可把指“物物”的直接宾语变为主语，但直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前需加上的直接宾语变为主语，但直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前需加上to或或for. He gave me a book yesterday.(=he gave a book to me yesterday.) I was given a book by him yesterday. A book was given to me by him yesterday.3.许多由不及物动词加介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，变被动语态时，介词、许多由不及

9、物动词加介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，变被动语态时，介词、副词不能丢掉。副词不能丢掉。 We should take care of the children. The children should be taken care of.(of不可省不可省)124.下列动词下列动词(短语短语)没有被动语态：没有被动语态： happen, take place, belong to, cost, take . eg. An accident happened yesterday. 5. 物作主语时，物作主语时， want/need/require/be worth + doing相当于相

10、当于want/need/require/be worth + to be doneMy bike needs repairing.= My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要修理。我的自行车需要修理。131) 表事物自然属性的动词（表事物自然属性的动词（read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink ）和和well/badly/easily/fast/smoothly)连用且主语为物时，常用主动语态表被动意义连用且主语为物时，常用主动语态表被动意义The

11、pen writes very fast.这支笔写得很流畅。这支笔写得很流畅。This book sells well. 这本书畅销。这本书畅销。 6. 主动表被动主动表被动This kind of cloth washes easily这种布很容易洗。这种布很容易洗。 2) 连系动词连系动词look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become等用主动表被动。等用主动表被动。Peking Opera sounds beautiful.141.English _ in many countries, but Chinese _ thei

12、r own languages. A. is spoken, speak B. speaks, is spokenC. is spoken, speaken D. is spoken, is spoken2.A big cinema _ in our town next year. A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. has built3.This book _ by a famous writer many years ago. A. writes B. is written C. was writen D. was written15

13、1. -Its difficult for the village children to cross the river for school. -I think a bridge _ over the river. A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built 2He is made _ for12 hours every day. Awork B working Cto work D. worked 3. The girl was often heard_ happily in her room.

14、A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings164. The apple _ very sweet. A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tasting 5. What you said _ like a good idea. A.is heard B. is listened C. sound D. sounded 6. -What do you think of the TV play? -Wonderful. It is worth_ a second time. A. watching B. watched C.

15、 seen D. seeing 7. How dirty the tables are! They need_. A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 178. Great changes_ in the past ten years in China. A. were taken place B. have taken place C. were happened D. have happened 9. A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is

16、told us D. told us18五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 1)I have a lot of homework to be done tonight2)Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？3)Lei Fengs name remembered by all Chinese people4)The music is sounded beautiful. 5)By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ? d

17、otoissoundswhom1.树要在春天种树要在春天种;2.树坑要挖得够大树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深但不要太深;3.把树放进坑里把树放进坑里,扶直扶直;4.把泥推回坑里把泥推回坑里,用脚踩实用脚踩实;5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍子插直了并且保证棍子插直了;6.用绳子（用绳子（rope）把棍子和树绑起来）把棍子和树绑起来7.浇好水浇好水. 根据提示写一篇以根据提示写一篇以How to Plant a Tree?为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上下文连贯。尽量使用被动语态，上下文连贯。尽量使用被动语态，80词左右。词左右。1.树要在春

18、天树要在春天种种;2.树坑要树坑要挖挖得得够大够大,但不要但不要太深太深;3.把把树树放进放进坑里坑里, 扶直扶直;4.把把泥泥推回推回坑里坑里,用用脚脚踩实踩实;5.在旁边在旁边插插一根坚实的长棍子一根坚实的长棍子,并且并且保证保证棍子插棍子插直直了了;6.用用绳子（绳子（rope）把把棍子棍子和和树树绑起绑起来来7.浇好水浇好水.be plantedbe dugbig enoughtoo deepput intobe kept straightpush back topush hard with knock into be kept straightbe tied to withbe wa

19、tered well Trees must be planted in Spring. The hole must be dug large enough but not too deep. Put the tree into the hole and it must be kept straight. Push the earth back to the hole and it must be pushed hard with your feet. Knock a long and strong stick into the earth beside the tree and it must

20、 be kept straight. Trees can be tied to the stick with a rope. And they must be watered well. 助动词助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词注：注：has 用于第三人称单数，用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有人称。用于其他所有人称。 （1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词在在内的时间副词just，already, before,

21、 yet, never, ever等状语连用。例如：等状语连用。例如： I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost my science book. （2）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。 如：如：for和和since，以及以及 so far, now, today,