中考英语专项复习-介词

1、介词专项复习01命题趋势考标导向化介词是各省市历年中考试题中的必考内容之一。从命题内容 来看，表示时间的介词、表示地点的介词及介词的固定用法，尤 其是时间介词at, on, in用法的区别，between和among用法的区 别，某些介词的特殊用法等是今后的考查热点。从命题形式来看，以单项选择、完形填空为主，分值一般在13分之间。预计年中考对介词的考查极有可能是时间介词和介词短语。02定义概念清晰化介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，它是一种虚词，不能单独 使用，必须和名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词语连用构成介 词短语，用来表明与它连用的词和句子中某个词或某些词之间的 关系。介词分为简单介词和短语

2、介词两种。简单介词即单个介词，如in, under, on, for, after等；短语介词指多个单词构成的介词，如in front of, instead of, far from 等。介词短语与短语介词不同。介词短语指由“介词 +名词/代 词等”构成的短语，如 at school, by bus, on SUnday等，在句中可 以作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。有些单词，既可以作介词，也可以作连词（作连词时，其后接 句子），女口 after, before等；而有些单词，既可以作介词，也可以 作副词，如above, below等。03知识归类知识网络化?_常用介词分类分类图解分类例词

3、表示 时间in, at, on, between, since, for, during, until, till, by, from to, behind, by, before, PaSt表示方位in, at, on, around, before, in front of, between, behind, beside, near, under, above, below, next to, among, round表示往返的方向to, towards, round, around, through, across, from to, into, out of, off, along其

4、他by, to, like, Unlike, of, except, about, against, with, but,as, WithOUt特例清单1.in通常用在世纪、年份、季节、月份、上午、下午、晚上 等词前，但后面接时间段，意为“在之后”，用于将来时态；而after意为“在之后”，要用于一般过去时。如：We are going to Beijing in two WeekS两周后我们将要去北京。He Went to AmeriCa in 2003,after one year, he Came back.他在 2003年去了美国，一年后，他就回来了。2. for和SinCe在表示时间

5、时，一般用于完成时，for与时间段连用，SinCe与时间点连用。如：We haven' t Seen each other for years .我们已经有好多年没有 见面了。HiS father has taught in this school SinCe 1985他的父亲自从 1985年起就在这所学校教书。3. 表示位置时，in表示某一小地点在另一大地点之内；on表示两个地点相互接壤；to则表示两个地点互不接壤，并有一定的 距离。如：TaiWan is in the SOUtheaSt of China台湾位于中国的东南部。 ShandOng is on the north of

6、 Henan山 东位于河南的北部。JaPan lies to the east of China.本位于中国东部。4. between表示“在两者之间”，而 among表示 “在三者或三者以上之中”。但当between用于三者或三者以上时，强调“两两之间"，侧重指人或物各自独立；而 among强调彼此不分离。如： We have too many desks in our class. There is hardly any room to move between the m我们教室里有太多的课桌，桌与桌之间几乎没有可以走动的空间了。ThiS village is among th

7、e hills这个村子被群山环绕。5. 表示方位时，on表示一个物体的位置在另一个物体之上，两者的表面相接触；above表示一个物体比另一个物体所处的位 置高，通常两个物体表面不接触；over表示“在的正上方"，强调在垂直的上方。如：There is a map on the Wal 墙上有一张地图。The IightS are above our head灯在我们头顶上。Some birds are flying over the Seat 一些鸟在海上飞。6. with, in, by三者都可以译为“用"，但用法不同：With表示用某种工具， 所用的东西都是具体的物品；

8、in表示用某种材料、语言、声调等； by表示用某种方法或手段，多指使用某种交通工具。试比较：PIeaSe Write With a Pen请用钢笔书写。She wrote a Ietter in a black ink她用黑色的墨水笔写了一圭寸信。Can you Say it in JaPaneSe你能用日语说吗？I go to school by bike .我骑自行车去上学。7. besides和except都可译为“除之外"，但含义不同：besides表示“除以外，还有"，指在整体中加入一部分，含义是肯定的；except表示“从整体中除去一部分"，含义是否定

9、的。 如：We all Went besides him除他之外，我们大家也都去了。（他去了）We all Went except him除他之外，我们都去了。（他没有去）8.instead of意为“代替”，后面接名词、代词或动名词；而 instead是副词，意为“代替，顶替”，在句子中作状语，后面不 能接任何成分。如：He will go instead of me.他将代替我去。She Went to school instead of Staying at home.她没有待在家里 而是上学去了。GiVe me this instead换这个给我吧。9.across和through均可

10、译为“从这一边到另一边”，但用法 不同：across的含义与On有关，表示动作是在某一物体的表面进 行的；而through的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行 的。如：The dog ran across the gras 这条狗跑过草地。They Walked through the forest 他们步行穿过森林。10在this，that， these, next, last等组成的时间状语前不用介 词。如：We are in Grade Two this year今 年我们上二年级。Tom' S trouble is Very common to boys these da

11、ys汤姆的问题这 些天在男孩们中间很常见。When did you go to bed last night?尔昨晚几点上床睡觉的？The next day She got UP early and Went to school WithOUt breakfast.第二天她起得很早，并且没吃早饭就去了学校。11当yesterday, tomorrow用作副词或构成短语时前面不用介 词。如：Can you be here at eight tomorrow morning?你明早八点能在这里 吗？Were you at home yesterday evenin?你昨晚在家吗？【题组训练】 时间

12、介词()1.(2014 北京)1 SOmetimeS help my mom With her houseworkSatUrdays.A.atB.inC.onD.to()2.(2014 宿迁)The 2014 SUmmer Youth OIymPiC GameS will be heldAUgUSt in Nanjing.A.inB.onC.byD.at()3.(2014 来宾)When is Jay ' S concert? It ' S three o ' ClOCk the afternoon.A.at;inB.at;onC.in;inD.on;in()4.(20

13、14 南充)When Were you born? I WaS borna cold Winter morning in 1994.A.inB.at C.onD.of()5.(2014 长沙)Mothers 'Day is the SeCOnd SUnday inMay in the United States.A.onB.inC.at方位介词()6.(2014 重庆)Mr. Green'S OffiCe isthe 26th floor. Y ouCan take the lift there.A.atB.inC.onD.for()7.(2014 烟台)Would you P

14、IeaSe tell me the Way to the PaCifiC Hotel?Gothe post OffiCe， and you ' ll find it on the left.A.passB.past C.to PaSS D.passed()8.(2014 益阳)Uncle Tom livesa farmthe country.A.in;atB.near;onC.on;in()9.(2014 天津)Cambridge is a small City the east ofEngland.A.between B.with C.inD.under()10.(2014 东营)O

15、n May 10th， a horse WaS found running happilythe busy Street in Beijing.A.at B.of C.inD.from表示往返的介词()11.(2014 河南)A COnVerSatiOna WiSe PerSOn is WOrth tenyears ' StUdy of books.A.forB.like C.with D.to()12.(2014 铜仁)一How Can We PrOteCt ourselves theearthquake?We should Stay calm first.A.with B.abou

16、t C.for D.from()13.(2014 苏州)The CaStIe StandS in a quiet placethe mainroad at the far end of the river.A.to B.for C.offD.out()14.(2014 连云港)A PerSOn 'IiSs is like a road lots ofdifficulties.Yes，so We need POSitiVe energy.A.byB.withC.alongD.during()15.(2014 无锡)I hope the train will arrive on time

17、, but it C S my control.A.withinB.without C.under D.beyond其他介词()16.(2014 杭州)They usually go ShOPPingtheir lunch break.A.against B.among C.between D.during()17.(2014 潍坊)What Can I do for you?I hope I have a nice housea big garden.A.ofB.withC.formD.about()18.(2014 盐城)Many CitieS in China，Beijing，have

18、beendeeply affected by dirty air.A.includingB.behind C.without D.beyond()19.(2014 莱芜)We Can SaVe money cooking our ownmeals instead of eating outside.A.byB.toC.forD.with()20.(2014 绵阳)一How long have you Stayed in this hotel?Not long，justthis Monday.A.from B.since C.forD.on?常用介词短语归纳 分类图解分类例子介词+名词at ho

19、me在家里；at school在学校；at noon在中午； at night在晚上；at work 在工作；at Sea在大海上；at the Same time 同时； at times 有时； at breakfast 早餐时； at midnight 在午夜；at the moment 在此刻；after a while 过了一会by bus乘公共汽车;by the Way 顺便说；by the time 至U 时候；by turns 轮流；by mistake 错误地；by the door在门口in hospital 住院；in the hospital 在医院；in the en

20、d最后；in order 整整齐齐；in order to 以便；in no time 很快就；in the daytime 在白天；in turn 轮流；in time及时;in front 在前方；in EngIiSh 用英语；in the future 将来的某个时刻；in future（整个）将来；in fact事实上on the Way 在路上;on SUnday 在星期天 ；on show 展出；on display 陈列；on fire 着火；on duty 值日； on the other hand 另一方面；on foot 步行；on business 出差；on board

21、在船（飞机）上；on holiday 在休假； on the telephone 在接（打）电话；on time 准时；on the left/right 在左边/右边；on sale在出售；on WatCh值 班; on the earth 在地球上With PIeaSUre 很乐意； With one ' S help某人的帮 助下bebe amazed atM感至U惊讶；be angry With 生（某人的）+气; be afraid of 害怕；be busy With 忙于做；be good形容词at擅长于；be full of充满+be excited about 对感至

22、U 兴奋；be kind to介词对和善；be interested in 对感兴趣be famous for 因而者名； be late for 迟至U; bepopular With 受欢迎be PIeaSed With 对感至U 满意；be proud of对感到骄傲；be ready for为准备好be SatiSfied With 对满意；be WOrried about为担心动词agree With 同意；ask for 请求；begin With 以+开始；come from 出生，来自；call at探访介词die of 死于；get on/off 上车 /下车；fillWit

23、h用装；fall off从落下hear from 收至U （某人）的信；hear of 听说；look at 看; go to bed 去睡觉；go to school 去上学；lookfor 寻找；look after 照顾IiSten to 听讲话；Pay for 付钱；point to 指向；pointat指着；Send for派人去叫； run across 碰至U;talk about 谈论；think about 考虑;Wait for 等候； Write to 与信给 ；worry about 担心laugh at 嘲笑；fall behind 洛在后面;knock at 敲介词

24、at the foot of 在脚下；on the top of 在顶端；in+the middle of在中间；in the front of名词在前面；in the east of在东部+by means of 借助；at the beginning of 起初；by the end of介词到为止at the age of 在岁时； at the head of在前头特例清单1.in front of和in the front of只差一个定冠词 the,但用法不 同：前者意为“在的前面”，前后所指的内容不存在包含关 系；而后者意为“在的前面”，前后所指的内容存在包含关系。如：Li Le

25、i SitS in front Of me,but Wang Fang SitS behind me.李雷坐在我前面，而王芳坐在我的后面。The desk is in the front of the CIaSSroom.书桌在教室的前面。2.in the tree和on the tree都可以译为“在树上”，但用法不同： 前者in the tree 一般指本身不是树上的事物，而后者on the tree 一般指树上本身长的东西。如：I Can See some birds in the tree我 能看至 U树上有一些小鸟。There are some PearS on the tree 上

26、结了一些梨。3.in the wall表示嵌在墙里，而 on the wall表示在墙的表面。 如：There is a hole in the Wall 墙上有个洞。There is a map on the Wal 墙上有一幅地图。4."在太阳下”用in the sun, “在某人的帮助下”用With one' S help 或 With the help of sb.如：Don ' t read in the SUn别在太阳下看书。With the teacher' S help, I got some PrOgreSS在老师的帮助下， 我取得了一些进步

27、。【题组训练】（）21.（2014 徐州）Healthy eatingregular exercise is the bestWay to keep fit.A.l ess thanB.instead ofC.such asD.together With（）22.（2014 山西）The ShiP Sinking of Korea teaches US to Care for ourselves and the people around us.So it is.life is the most important to everyone.A.For exampleB.At lastC.Aft

28、er all（）23.（2014 鄂州）一EVeryOne must the SeCUrity check（安检）before getting on the plane at the airport.Yes. It ' S necessary to ensure the PaSSengerS' safety.A.get throughB.get acrossC.go throughD.go across（）24.（2014 遂宁）free education， more and more poorChiIdren Can go back to school in the mou

29、ntain.A.WithoutB.Thanks toC.Instead of（）25.（2014 金华）DanieI is a boy of few words.BUt，lie i warm hejel.A.in a hurryB.in factC.in the endD.above all04整合集训 反馈层级化（ ）1.How does your father go to work,foot orcar?A.o n; WithB.with;o nC.by;o nD.o n;by（）2. Why are you Sta nding there, Maggie?I Can ' See

30、the blackboard clearly. TWo tall boys areSitti ngme.A.beh indB.i n front ofC.besideD.n ext to()3. IS the tie madesilk?Yes. It ' S made Italy.A.from;inB.of;i nC.from;Of D.offrom( )4.Taiwa n is a beautiful isla nd and it the east ofFujia n ProV ince.A.inB.o nC.toD.at()5.Mr Smith lives that buildin

31、g. HiS flat isthe fifth floor.A.i n;OnB.of;toC.at;inD.to;at()6. What time shall We meetSUn day?Let ' S meet 10:00 o ' clock.A.i n;atB.i n;o nC.o n;inD.o n;at()7. All the CIerkS Went homeMr Wan g.Why?BeCaUSe he had to finish his work.A.except B.besides C.without D .beside( )8.The SUnShine goe

32、sthe WindoWand makes theroom bright and warm.A.across B.through C.over D.i n()9.My Son isa nice new coat. I Paid ten PoUndSit.A.i n;by B.i n;for C.o n;by D.o n;for()10. We ll have a hiking trip, but When shall We meet?Let ' S make ithalf PaSt eightthe morning ofJUne 23.A.at;inB./;onC./;inD.about

33、;by()11.Let'S gothe road. The shop isthe otherside.A.across; OnB.cross; OnC.through;i nD.betwee n;On()12.Hehas gota Chair to Sit,butnObody totalk.A.o n;toB./;WithC .on;/D./;to()13.If you get On well your classmates, you ' llenjoy your school life more.A.toB.at C.withD.in()14.If you Were a little more CarefUl,you could find thekeythe doorthe Corner of the room.A.of;ofB.to;in C.at;in D.to;of()15.The foodmy