八年级上册英语语法、短语和知识点总结149

1、八年级上册英语语法、短语和学问点总结unit 1 where did you go on vacation.本单元的话题：谈论假期活动内容，复习一般过去时；本单元的语法：1.复习一般过去时；2.学习不定代词和不定副词的用法；2.不定代词和不定副词的用法：（1）左边的some、any、every、no 与右边的body 、one、 thing 构成不定代词，some、any、 every、no 与右边的疑问副词where 构成不定副词；（2）一般情形下以some 开头的不定代词和不定副词用于确定句，以any 开头的不定代词 和不定副词用于否定句、疑问句；以no 开头的不定代词和不定副词表示否定含

2、义（no one为两个单词） ；（3）不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时，形容词放在后面；hehassomethingimportanttodo.他有重要的事情要做； （确定句用something，形容词important 放后）did you buy anything special.（一般疑问句用anything ，形容词special 放后）did you go anywhere interesting last month. 上个月你去令人感爱好的地方了吗？一般疑问句用不定副词anywhere，形容词interesting 放后 （4）不定代词和不定副词做主语时，后面的动词用单数形式；e

3、verone is here today. 今日每个人都在这里；本单元的短语和学问点：1. go on vacation 去度假go to the mountains上山 /进山2. stay at home 呆在家 go to the beach 去海滩visit museums 参观博物馆go to summer camp去参观夏令营3. study for tests 为考试而学习备考go out 出去4. quite a few 相当多 ,不少（后跟可数名词复数）take photos 照相most of the time大部分时间5.buy sth for sb = buy sb s

4、th 为某人买某物6. taste good. 尝起来很好taste（尝起来） 、look （看起来）、sound（听起来）为感官动词，后跟形容词7.have a goodgreatfuntime 过得兴奋，玩得开心（=enjoyoneself）8. go shopping 去购物9. nothingbut+ 动词原形：除了之外什么都没有he had nothing to do at home but read yesterday. 昨天他在家除了读书无事可做；10. seem to do sth:似乎i seem to know him. 我似乎熟悉他；seem+（to be ）+形容词：看

5、起来the work seems（ to be） easy.这工作看起来很简单； 11.keep a diary 记日记12. in+ 大地方：达到某地（ get to +地方：达到某地） arriveat+小地方：达到某地get 的过去式为got如是 arrive 和 get 后跟 home、there、here 三个地点副词，后面的介词inatto 必需去掉；tom got home yesterday evening=tom arrived home yesterday evening. 昨晚汤姆到家；13. decide to do sth:打算做某事14. try doing sth

6、. 尝试做某事try to do sth. 尽力去做某事15. feel like 给的感觉；感受到16. in the past 在过去walk around 四处走走enjoydoing sth: 宠爱做某事difference 名词，差异，差别- different 形容词，不同的 18.start doing sth：开头做某事（ = start to do sth）19.19.over an hour 一个多小时（ over 超过，余外= more than）20. too many太多，后接可数名词复数；too much太多，后跟不行数名词，修饰动词作状语；much too太，后跟

7、形容词或副词，辨论三者的口诀：too much, much too,用法区分看后头 :much 后接不行数 ,too 后修饰形或副；too many要记住，后面名词必复数；21. because of 由于 ,后接名词、代词或动名词（即动词+ing ），不能接句子；because由于，后跟句子；he was late for school because of getting up late. 他由于起晚而上学迟到；（ get 为动词）= he was late for school because he got up late.22. enough足够的 与名词连用，一般放在名词前he ha

8、s enough money .23. enough足够的 与形容词或副词连用，enough 放在后面； he is old enough to go to school.24. doing sth.遗忘已经做过某事（已经做完）forgetto do sth.遗忘去做某事（仍未做）forget 的过去式为forgot25. so+形容词 +that+ 句子：如此以至于too+形容词 +to do sth：太以至于不能形容词 +enough to do sth：足够能够做某事（留意三个句型有时可以互换）he is so young that he can t go to school.= he

9、is too young to go to school.= he isn t old enough to go to school.unit 2 how often do you exercise.本单元的话题：谈论生活习惯，复习一般现在时；本单元的语法：1.复习一般现在时；2.学习表示频率副词的用法；主要频率副词的等级排序：always总是 > usually 通常 > often 常常 > sometimes 有时 > hardly ever 很少 > never 从不 这些副词在句子中的位置，一般放在助动词、be 动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前；即：“行

10、 ” 前“助系” 后；peter is always late for school. peter 上学总是迟到；i usually do my homework in the evening.我通常在晚上做作业；提问always, sometimes, twice a day等频率副词，用how ofteni watch tv every day. 我每天都看电视how often do you watch tv.你多长时间看一次电视？本单元的短语和学问点：1. on weekends 在周末go to the movies 去看电影help withhousework 帮忙做家务how o

11、ften 多久一次hardly ever 几乎从不2. once a week 每周一次twice a week 每周两次every day 每天use the internet 用互联网 be free 有空are you free on weekends. 你周末有空吗？4.stay up late 熬夜 at least 至少 go to bed early 早点睡觉play sports 进行体育活动 5.after school 放学后6.want sth：需要某物he wants a new pen.他想要一支新钢笔； want to do sth: 想做某事he wants to

12、 watch tv after school. 放学后他想去看电视； want sb to do sth: 让某人做某事my mother wants me get up early. 妈妈让我早起； 7.be good for 对有好处be bad for 对有害处8.play computer games 打电子嬉戏go camping 去野营9.ask sb about sth：问某人某事my parents often ask me about my study. 我的父母常常问我的学习情形；10. in one s spare time 在某人业余时间he studies engli

13、sh in his spare time.11.p13 ， 2b” 数字+percentof+ 名词 ” 做主语时，后面的单词取决于名词的情形；如名词为复数，后面的动词用复数形式；如名词为单数或不行数名词，后面的动词用单数形式；in our class ,twenty of students are boys.thirty of water is dirty.12.notat all: 一点儿也不（ not 构成否定句） i don tlike the movie at all. 13.go online 上网 =surf the internet14.the answer to+名词：的答案

14、16.the best way to do sth:做某事的 最好 方式the best way to learn english is speaking english. 学习英语的最好方法是说英语. 17.such as 比如（后跟名词或名词短语）for example例如（后跟句子）he likes fruits,such as apples,bananas and so on.他宠爱水果，例如苹果、香蕉等；he has some good ways to study english,for example ,he often listens to tapes.19.more than

15、=over 超过，余外go to the dentist 去看牙医unit 3 i'm more outgoing than my sister.本单元的话题：谈论事物对比，学习形容词比较级；本单元的语法：学习形容词比较级；（语法：见课本第113 页至 115 页）本单元的短语和学问点：1.play+the + 乐器play the drums 打鼓比较 play + 球类play basketball 打篮球bothand两者都 后面的动词用复数形式both tom and jim are students. 3.be good at+名词 代词 v ing: 善于，在某方面做得好7

16、. be like: 像the books are like friends. 书像伴侣；8. make friends with sb ：（和某人）交伴侣enjoy doing sth: 宠爱做某事9. be different from与不同my brother is different from me.我弟弟与我不一样；10. help sb to do sth: 帮忙某人做某事常与 help sb with sth 在某方面帮忙某人互换he often helps me（ to） learn english. 他常常帮忙我学习英语；= he often helps me with my

17、 english. 他常常在英语方面帮忙我；help to do sth: 帮忙做某事he often helps（ to） cook at home. 他常常在家帮忙做饭； 13.be good with sb: 与某人相处很好14.information（ n.消息，信息）不行数名词unit 4 what's the best movie theater.本单元的话题：谈论事物对比，学习形容词和副词的最高级；本单元的语法：学习形容词和副词的最高级；本单元的短语和学问点：1.welcome to+ 地点：欢迎来到某地welcome to our school. 欢迎来我校； 2.wh

18、at do you think of sth.=how dou you like sth.你认为 .怎么样？ 3.watch sb do sth:观察某人做了某事（= see sb do sth ）4.比较级别+and+比较级：越来越（如比较级为more+形容词原级，就为：moreandmore 形容词原级） the buildingsare tallerand taller.our school is gettingmore and more beautiful.5.around the world 全世界 =all over the world,such as 例如unit 5 do yo

19、u want to watch a game show. 本单元的话题：谈论自己对天使节目或电影的喜好，学会表达自己的感受；本单元的语法：复习一般现在时；本单元的短语和学问点：1. what do you think of sth.=how dou you like sth.你认为怎么样？what do you think of the movie. 你认为这部电影怎么样？it is boring. 很无聊；2. mind doing sth: 介意做某事 3. news 不行数名词，消息，信息 a piece of good news 一条好消息 4.learn sth from sb: 向

20、某人学习（某物） 5.plan to do sth: 方案做某事（ plan 的过去式 planned,现在分词 planning ） 6.hope to do sth:期望做某事8. favorite 形容词，最宠爱的= likebestmy favorite shows are talk shows. 我最宠爱的节目是谈话节目；=i like talk shows best.9. expect to do sth: 期望做某事10.think of 认为，想起he often thinks of his teachers.11.in the 1930s:在二十世纪三十岁月（1930 年至

21、1939 年）10.12.one of + 可数名词复数：之一（该短语放在句首做主语时，后面的动词用单数形式）one of the students has an english dictionary. 这些同学中一个人有英语字典；14.luck 名词，幸运 ,运气 lucky 形容词 ,幸运的 -unlucky 形容词 ,不幸的 15.be ready to do sth 愿意做某事16.try one s best （to do sth） : 尽力（做某事）unit6im going to study computer science.本单元的话题：谈论自己将来的方案或准备；本单元的语法：

22、学习一般将来时be going to do sth ；本单元的短语和学问点：1.词性转换： science 名词，科学 scientist （名词，科学家）violin （名词，小提琴）-violinst （名词，小提琴家）piano（名词，钢琴）- pianist （名词，钢琴家） 2.grow up 成长，长大3.be good at+ 名词 代词 动词 +ing: 善于he is good atmath,but he isn t good at speaking english. 他善于数学，但是不善于说英语；4.keep on doing sth: 连续做某事5.be sure abo

23、ut:确信，对有把握his mother isn t sure about his study.他的妈妈对他的学习没有把握；6.move to +地点：搬（家）到某地7. take singingactinglessons上唱歌课上表演课=have singingacting lessons8. send sb sth = send sth to sb寄 送给某人某物his grandfather often sends him money ； = his grandfather often sends money to him.9. learn to do sth 学会做某事10. play

24、 the piano 弹钢琴make the soccer team 组建足球队get good grades 取得好的成果eat healthier food 吃更健康的食品get lots of exercise 进行大量锤炼11. foreign language 外国语言12.study hard 努力学习most of the time 大多数时间14. get back from+ 地点：从回来he will get back from beijing in 3 days. at the beginning of在开头的时候 , write down 写下 /登记，17. diff

25、erent kinds of不同种类的have to do with 关于，与有关系 ,take up 开头从事20.too+ 形容词 +to do sth ：太以至于不能so+形容词 +that+ 句子：如此以至于形容词 +enough to do sth：足够能够做某事（留意三个句型有时可以相互转换）he is so young that he can t go to school. 他如此年轻以至于不能去上学；= he is too young to go to school. 他太年轻了以至于不能去上学；= he isn t old enough to go to school.22.

26、 make sb+形容词：让某人怎么样the good news made us happy. （留意： news 为不行数名词）23. how to do better at school 为“ 疑问词 +不定式 ” 即“疑问词 +to do sth”he didn t know when to start. 他不知道什么时候开头；24.go to university去上高校unit 7 will people have robots.本单元的话题：谈论对将来的语言，学习一般将来时will do sth ；本单元的语法：学习一般将来时will do sth ；一般将来时由 “ 助动词 wi

27、ll/ shall +动词原型 ” 构成，表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语如tomorrow 、next week ， in 2 days2 天之后 等连用；（shall 用于第一人称，will 可以用于各种人称； ）will not= won t一般疑问句：把确定句中的will提到句首即可；以上两句的一般疑问句为：will you visit the old man next week. yes,we will.no, we won t .否定句：把确定句中的will变为 won t 即可；以上两句的否定句为：we won t visit the old ma

28、n next week. she won t finish the work in 2 weeks.本单元的短语和学问点：1.there be 结构： there beis/are/was/were+ 某物 /某人 +某地 / 某时“there be 结构 ” 的一般现在时：there is/are+某物 /某人 +某地 /某时 there are 600 students in our school. 在我们学校有600 个同学；一般过去时： there was/were+ 某物 /某人 +某地 /某时there was a school ten years ago.一般将来时： there

29、 will be+ 某物 /某人 +某地 /某时 .= there is going to be+ 某物 /某人 +某地 / 某时 . there will be a sport meeting next week.=there is going to be a sport meeting next weeek. 下周将有场运动会； 2.on computers 在电脑上 , on paper 在纸上3.a few + 可数名词复数：有一些、有几个a little + 不行数名词：有一些few +可数名词复数：几乎没有（表示否定）little+ 不行数名词：几乎没有（表示否定）many+ 可数

30、名词复数：很多，很多few 的比较级是fewer ,little的比较级是lessmuch+ 不行数名词：很多，很多manymuch 的比较级都是morethere will be less polution in the future.在将来将会有更少的污染；（ polution 为不行数名词）we should plant more trees. 我们应当种更多的树； （ tree 为可数名词）there will be fewer cars in the future. 在将来将会有更少的汽车；（car 为可数名词）4.in （great） danger 在（极度）危急中on the e

31、arth 在地球上 save the earth 挽救地球6.in+ 一段时间：在之后（多用于一般将来时）he will come back in 2 days.两天之后他将回来；how soon will he come back.多久他将回来？句型there isare sb doing sth. 有某人正在做某事；there is a cat eating fish.10.hundreds of+ 名词：成百上千的，很多（表示模糊数字）数字 + hundred +名词：几百（表示详细数字）he has hundreds of book. 他有很多书； he bought two hund

32、red books. 他买了二百本书；12.at some point: 在某些方面free time 闲暇时间in ones free time 在某人闲暇时间unit 8 how do you make a banana milk shake.本单元的话题：描述做事情的次序和过程；（ first 第一 ,next 下面 ,then 然后 ,finally 最终）本单元的语法：复习一般现在时；本单元的短语和学问点：1p57,1aturn on 打开turn up 调大turn off 关上turn down 调小2. how many+ 可数名词复数：多少how much+ 不行数名词：多少

33、he has eight books.他有八本书；how many books does he have.他有多少本书？3. 量词的用法：不行数名词常用“ 数字 +量词 +不行数名词 ” 来表示；如：a piece of bread 一片面包比较： two pieces of bread 两片面包（ bread 为不行数名词） a glass of orange 一玻璃杯橘子汁one spoon of butter 一勺黄油5.one more thing = another one thing基数词+ more +名词= another +基数词+ 名词：又多少某物he ate an app

34、le,he wanted to eat two more apples.7.it s time for sbto do sth 是某人该做某事的时间了；it s time for us to have lunch. it s time for sth 是该做某事的时间了；it s time for the class. 是该上课的时候了；unit 9 can you come to my party.本单元的话题：学会发出、接受或拒绝邀请；本单元的语法：复习情态动词；本单元的短语和学问点：1. on saturday afternoon在星期六下午，在详细哪一天的是上午、下午或晚上用on,2.

35、 have to 必需（后跟动词原形）he has to get up early. 他必需早起；（一般疑问句）does he get up early. yes,he does.no,he doesnt.（否定句） he doesn thavetoget up early. 他没有必要早起；4. sth=want sth想要某物jim would like a new pen .would liketo do sth=want to do sth 想做某事he d like to watch tv. would you like to do sth .你情愿做 .？（用来提出建议或征求对方看

36、法）-would you like to go shopping with me .你想和我一起去买东西吗？-yes,i d love to， but i m doing my homework. 我想去 ,但是我现在正在做家庭作业； =sorry, i m doing my homework. 特别愧疚，我正在做家庭作业；5. prepare for sth 为做预备go to the doctor 去看病 have the flu患流感 help my parents 给父母帮忙have an exam 考试6. until的用法 :<1> 如动词为连续性动词就用确定句式 he

37、 studied until 21:00pm. 他始终学习到晚上九点；<2>如动词为非连续性动词，就用not.until.（直到；才；）he didn t go to bed until his father came back. 他始终到他爸爸回来才上床睡觉；10. study for a math test 为数学考试做预备go to the party 参与聚会11. what s today.今日几号？ its monday,the 14th. 今日星期一，十四号；补充： what day is it today. 今日星期几？it s monday 今日星期一；what

38、s the date today.今日几月几日？it s october 20th .今日 10 月 20 日；12. go to the doctor 去看病have a piano lesson 上钢琴课 13.look after照看，照管=take care ofshe is old to look after his brother她足够大了能够照看她的弟弟；take good care of =look afterwell 好好照管，好好照管we should take good care of the children.= we should look after the chi

39、ldren well.感叹句的类型： whata an+adj+ 可数名词单数（ +主语 +谓语）！ what +adj+ 可数名词复数不行数名词（ +主语 +谓语）！whatafine day it is . 多么好的天啊！（ day 为可数名词单数）whataninteresting book it is . 多么好玩的一本书啊！（book 为可数名词单数） what beautiful flowers they are . 多么美丽的花啊！（ flowers 为可数名词复数） whatbadweather it is. 多么糟糕的天气啊！（weather 为不行数名词） how +adj

40、 + 主语 +（谓语中的）系动词！how +adv + 主语 +（谓语中的）实义动词！ how happy i am. 我多麽兴奋啊！（ happy 为 adj,am 为系动词）how hard they are working . 他们工作多么努力啊！（hard 为 adv,work 为实义动词）点拨：陈述句改为感叹句，可以采纳“一判、二定、三移”；一判：是判定出陈述句谓语动词后的中心词的词性（adj adv n）；二定：是依据判定出来的结果来确定引导词（中心词为名词用what；中心词为形容词或副 词用 how ；）三移：就是把主语和谓语移到后面；留意：在感叹句中，不得显现so,very ，

41、 very much 等表示程度的单词；例如： our school is beautiful .一判： beautiful 为形容词；二定：beautiful 为形容词，用how来引导；三移：把ourschool is 移到 how beautiful后面，即为感叹句how beautiful our school is.he is a clever boy.一判： boy 为名词；二定：boy 为名词，用what 来引导；三移：把he is 移到 what a cleverboy 后面，即为感叹句what a clever boy he is.he studies english well

42、.一判： well 为副词；二定：well 为副词，用how来引导；三移：把hestudies 移到 howwell 后面，即为感叹句how well he studies.练习：将以下句子变为感叹句；the room is very bright. we live a happy life today.it is a nice present. this is difficult problem. she played the piano wonderfully.16.） the best way to do sth: 做某事的（最好）方法17.thanks for+ 名词 v .ing:

43、为什么而感谢18.take a trip 参与郊游， at the end of this month 在本月底19. go back to+ 地点：回到某地he will go back to beijing in 2 days.两天后他将回北京；20. have a surprise party for sb 为某人举办一个惊喜的晚会21. without+ 名词 代词 v .ing：没有he can t finish the work without our help.（ help 为名词）he went to school without having breakfast. 他没有吃早

44、饭就去上学；（ have 为动词） 24.look forward to + 名词 代词 v.ing ：期望，希望25.hear from sb. 收到某人的来信= receive a letter from sb.27.the opening of：开幕 /开业28.在详细哪一天的上午、下午、晚上用on,比较：in the morning 在早晨on sunday morning 在星期天的早晨29.invite sb to + 地点 : 邀请某人去某地（invite - invitation）invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事31.reply to sth / sb ：回

45、答某事 /回答某人go shopping 购物， do homework 做家庭作业unit 10 if you go to the party, you ll have a great time.本单元的话题：谈论事情可能的结果；本单元的语法：在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来 即主将从现；if you go to the party,we will have a great time从句（一般现在时）主句一般将来时说明：在条件状语从句，时间状语从句中，如主句用一般将来时，从句就用一般现在时表示将来 - 简称主将从现if it is fine tomorrow,i ll visit sh

46、anghai区分 :宾语从句如主句为一般现在时，从句可以依据需要用任何时态i thinki ” ll finish the work in 2 days.我认为我在两天内将完成这项工作；主句（一般现在时）宾语从句填空： i think shecomehere tomorrow. if hecome here,icallyou.本单元的短语和学问点：1.have a great /good time玩的高兴stay at home 呆在家里take the bus 乘公交车， go to theparty 参与晚会tomorrownight 明天晚上talkaboutsth 谈论某事have a

47、 class party 开班级晚会have a class meeting 开班会6.plantodosth 方案做某theyareplanningtogoshopping.他们正在方案购物； 7.（ p74,2b） half the class 全班一半人 ,make some food 做食物8.ask sb. to do sth 请某人做某事my parents often ask me to study hard.ask sb. not to do sth 请某人不要做某事my techer often asks us not to be late.10.too+ 形容词 +to d

48、o sth ：太以至于不能so+形容词 +that+ 句子：如此以至于形容词 +enough to do sth：足够能够做某事（留意三个句型常常可以互换转换）he is so young that he can t go to school. 他如此年轻以至于不能去上学；= he is too young to go to school. 他太年轻了以至于不能去上学；= he isn t old enough to go to school.11. tell sb. to do sth高速某人做某事tell sb. not to do sth告知某人不要做某事12. give sb some

49、 advice 给某人建议 /劝告（ adivce 为不行数名词） 13.travel around the world周游世界 , go to college上高校， make（a lot of ） money 挣钱 , get an education 接受训练， 14.） work hard努力工作， a soccer player 一个足球运动员 15.talk to sb. 与某人谈话， keepto oneself 把留给自己 /独处16. have problems with sth: 在某方面有困难have problems（in ）doing sth: 做方面有困难（ 2 个

50、句型常常可以互换）she has problems with english. 她在学习英语方面有困难；= she has problems （ in） learning english. 她学习英语有困难；17. unless=ifnot 假如不unless it is sunny tomorrow,i won t go shopping.=if it isn t sunny tomorrow,i won t go shopping.18. be afraid to do sth: 不敢做某事be afraid of sth: 可怕某物19.21.be angry with sb 生某人的气

51、he is angry with his son. 他在生他儿子的气； be angry aboutat sth 因某事而愤怒he is angry aboutat his work. 他由于工作愤怒； 22.make mistakes 犯错误23.remember to do sth 记着去做某事（事情仍未做） remember doing sth 记着已经做过某事（事情做完，但是仍记着）please remember to close the door when you leave.当你离开的时候记着关上门；（门仍未关） . he remembered closing the door.

52、他记着已经关上门了； （门已经关上）24. advise sb to do sth 劝告某人做某事advise sb doing 建议提议做某事；25. it s best notto do sth. 最好（不要）做某事solve a problem 解决难题26. run away from 躲避 don t run away from your problems. solve a problem解决难题30.agree with sb:同意某人（的看法、看法、观点等）31.worry about担忧=be worried about七年级上册重要学问点7. at / on / in表时间

53、“ 在”1） at 通常表在某个点时间；at 8:00在 8:00at 9:25 在 9:252 on 通常表在某一天或某一天的上/下午、晚上；on september 1st 在 9 月 1 日on a cold morning在一个冰冷的上午3） in 表在某一周 /月 /季节 /年 /世纪等；in 1979 在 1979 年in september 在 9 月份in spring 在春天表时间 at < on < in4 固定词组at dawn 在清晨 at noon 在中午at night 在晚上at sunrise 在清晨 /日出时 at christmas 在圣诞节at

54、 lunch time 在吃中饭时at this / that time 在这 / 那时 at the age of 20 在 20 岁时on weekends在周末in the morning / afternoon / evening在上午 /下午 /晚上8. see you./ goodbye / bye/ bye-bye 再见see you later 回头见；过一会儿见；see you tomorrow/next week.明天见/ 下周见see you then. 到时见；9. have a good time = enjoy oneself （ oneself 要随主语的变化而变

55、化）= have fun they are having a good time. = they are enjoying themselves.= they are having fun.他们正玩得兴奋；10.各种节日的英语1 月 1 日元旦（ new year's day2 月 14 日情人节 valentine's day3 月 8 日国际妇女节 international women's day3 月 12 日中国植树节 china arbor day4 月 1 日愚人节 april fools' day4 月 5 日清明节（ tomb-sweeping day5 月 1 日国际劳动节 internatio