语法第9讲：虚拟语气

1、专转本语法第九讲：虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气语气的定义和分类语气的定义和分类语气语气 (mood)的定义的定义 语气是动词的一种形式语气是动词的一种形式 ， 表示说话人对某一表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中语气的种类英语中语气的种类: 陈述语气陈述语气 祈使语气祈使语气 虚拟语气虚拟语气英语中语气的种类英语中语气的种类 陈述语气（陈述语气（declarative/indicative mood ）：）： 表示动作或状态是现实的表示动作或状态是现实的 、 确定的或符合事实确定的或符合事实的的 ，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹

2、句。如： There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。每个问题都有两个方面。 Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗昨天一整天你都很忙吗 ? How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊她是多好的一位老师啊 !祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：如： Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。再也不要迟到了。 Don t forget to turn off the light. 别忘别忘了关灯。了

3、关灯。 虚拟语气虚拟语气 ： 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实事实 ， 而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：等。如： If I were a bird, I could fly far far away from here. I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。我希望我能通过考试。Definition虚语语气（虚语语气（the Subjunctive Mood）表示说话人表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、

4、料想，或是不可能实现的与事非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。实相反的愿望。 虚拟语气是英语学习中的一个难点，也是大学英虚拟语气是英语学习中的一个难点，也是大学英语测试中最重要的语法考点之一。测试内容涉及语测试中最重要的语法考点之一。测试内容涉及到虚拟语气的方方面面到虚拟语气的方方面面从在含非真实条件的从在含非真实条件的主从句中的应用，到在各种从句主从句中的应用，到在各种从句(主语从句、宾语主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、状语从句、定语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、状语从句、定语从句从句)中的应用。中的应用。 虚拟语气表达的是一种虚拟语气表达的是一种与事实相反与事实相

5、反的行为或状态，的行为或状态，其谓语动词的变化不同于陈述语气，这也是考生其谓语动词的变化不同于陈述语气，这也是考生感到困惑和容易出错的地方。解此类试题时，关感到困惑和容易出错的地方。解此类试题时，关键是要键是要迅速发现解题信息词，确定虚拟语气类型，迅速发现解题信息词，确定虚拟语气类型，然后按各类虚拟语气的特定表达方式，或根据结然后按各类虚拟语气的特定表达方式，或根据结构或题句中的其他暗示，确定动词的形式构或题句中的其他暗示，确定动词的形式。1. 虚拟语气的考点虚拟语气的考点 1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词

6、性从句中虚拟语气的用法；、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；if if引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句时间时间条件从句条件从句 if主句主句过去过去had donewould/should/could/might have done现在现在did/werewould/should/could/might do将来将来1.should do2.were to do3.didIf + 主主 + did(were), 主主+would/should/could/might +动词原形动词原形If I were you, I would tr

7、y it again.1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.2.如果我有你那么好的一个妻子，我会把她当做女王如果我有你那么好的一个妻子，我会把她当做女王来对待。来对待。If I had a wife like yours, I would treat her like a queen.与与现在现在事实相反的虚拟条件句事实相反的虚拟条件句If +主主 +had done sth, 主主+would/should/could/might +完成式完成式If he had worked hard, he would have passed the examination.1.

8、1.如果他当时努力学的话，他就通过了这次考试。如果他当时努力学的话，他就通过了这次考试。If I had married her, I would have been unhappy.2.2.要是当时我娶了她的话，那我是很不幸的。要是当时我娶了她的话，那我是很不幸的。与与过去过去事实相反的虚拟条件句事实相反的虚拟条件句与与将来将来事实相反的虚拟条件句事实相反的虚拟条件句( (通常有时间状语通常有时间状语) )If he came/should come here tomorrow, I would tell him about it.1.1.如果他明天来的话如果他明天来的话, ,我会告诉他这件

9、事我会告诉他这件事.If + 主主 + did(were to /should do), 主主+ would/should/could/might +动词原形动词原形If you _tomorrow, you _ find the new manager working in the office. A. should come; would B. would come; wouldC. will come; should D. comes; mightIf the parents _at the hospital earlier after the accident, the child w

10、ould have been saved.A. arrives B. arrive C. had arrived D. has arrived -If he _, he _that food. -Luckily he was sent to the hospital in time.A. was warned; would not have takenB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not takenI didnt se

11、e your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.A.has come B. did come C. came D. had comeIf my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from going .A. had been; would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would prevent D. were; would have preventedIf the whole operation be

12、fore hand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. A) was not planned B) has not been planned C) had not been planned D) were not planned 由主句的谓语动词由主句的谓语动词would have been lost可以判断，可以判断，本题考查的是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的用法，本题考查的是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的用法，if引导的从句须用过去完成时，故引导的从句须用过去完成时，故C项为正确答案。项为正确答案。本题句意是：本题句意

13、是：如果整个手术不提前安排的话，那就要如果整个手术不提前安排的话，那就要浪费大量的时间和金钱浪费大量的时间和金钱。 Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often. A) has to get B) were to get C) had got D) could have got because引导的原因状语从句中有一个虚拟结构，引导的原因状语从句中有一个虚拟结构，if条件从句谓语

14、动词的时态应与条件从句谓语动词的时态应与wouldnt be able to 对对应，表示与将来事实相反的虚拟，条件从句的谓语应应，表示与将来事实相反的虚拟，条件从句的谓语应用用should或或were to+动词原形，因此动词原形，因此B项正确。本题项正确。本题句意是：句意是：吉恩并不想马上去上班，因为她考虑到一旦吉恩并不想马上去上班，因为她考虑到一旦上班，她很可能不能经常见到她的朋友们上班，她很可能不能经常见到她的朋友们。倒装的倒装的If If虚拟句虚拟句条件状语的倒装：条件状语的倒装：如果条件状语中有如果条件状语中有were, had, should时时, , 可以可以省省略略ifif，

15、倒装成：，倒装成：Were / Should / Had + +主主+ +其他其他Were I you, I would try it again. Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. If I were you, I would try it again.If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.If it should snow tomorrow,

16、 we wouldnt go out. right now, she would get there on Sunday. A) Would she leave B) If she leaves C) Were she to leave D) If she had left 从句子结构可知，本题是表示与将来事实相反从句子结构可知，本题是表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，主句的谓语是的虚拟语气，主句的谓语是“would+动词原动词原形形”，则从句的谓语应用，则从句的谓语应用“were to+动词原形动词原形”或或“should+动词原形动词原形”。同时，从句省略了。同时，从句省略了连词连词if，可以

17、将，可以将were提前，构成倒装。只有提前，构成倒装。只有C项符合语法规则，为正确答案。本题句意是：项符合语法规则，为正确答案。本题句意是：如果她马上动身的话，她可能在星期天到达那如果她马上动身的话，她可能在星期天到达那里里。 for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand. A) Not being B) Had it not been C) Without being D) Not having been 从句子结构可知，空缺处应填入表示与过去从句子结构可知，空缺处应填入表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句，并且将连词事实相反的虚拟条件从

18、句，并且将连词if省省略。此时，应把虚拟语气的谓语动词提前。略。此时，应把虚拟语气的谓语动词提前。本题句意是：本题句意是：如果我没有生病的话，我会向如果我没有生病的话，我会向他伸出援助之手的他伸出援助之手的。_the exam, he would have attended a college.A. If he passed B. Had he passedC. Were he passed D. If he should pass_five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off.A. If you should arrive B. If

19、you arriveC. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive_it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the Central Park.A. Were B. should C. would D. willwishwish引导的虚拟句引导的虚拟句I wish I I wish I rememberedremembered the the address.address.我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）How I wish he How I w

20、ish he had not lefthad not left. .要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）I wish it I wish it would rainwould rain tomorrow. tomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）Sb. wishHow Sb. wishdid/were 现在现在had done 过去过去would / might do 将来将来Exercises:“ Have you visited the Science Museum?”“ No

21、, but I really wish I _.” A. had B. did C. have D. willI didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _there.A. was B. were C. had been D. wentI wish I _ you yesterday.A. see B. did see C. had seen D. were to see-He is a brave man.-Yes, I wish I _his courage.A. Have B. had C. will have D. would haveTom ca

22、n take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _me how.A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teachThe picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_to it.A. hadnt gone B. havent goneC. didnt go D. could not have goneHow I wish I _that! Everybody present was angry

23、 with me.A. didnt go B. hadnt done C. wouldnt do D. wasnt doing as if /thoughas if /though + Clause现在：现在：过去：过去：将来将来 :did /were(现在现在)had done(过去过去)She loves the baby as if it were her own son.He looks as if he had seen a ghost.He talks as if he would pay the bill.would+动词原形动词原形(将来将来)-This machine ope

24、rated as though it had been repaired. 这机器运行良好，仿佛修理过一样。这机器运行良好，仿佛修理过一样。-They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他们交谈起来似乎是多年的朋友一样。他们交谈起来似乎是多年的朋友一样。-It seems as if it were spring already.现在仿佛已经是春天了。现在仿佛已经是春天了。(1) 对现在的虚拟对现在的虚拟,谓语动词用过去时谓语动词用过去时 (系系动词用动词用were),意指主从句谓语表示的动词意指主从句谓语表示的动词同时发生同时发生.例

25、如例如:他看起来好象病了他看起来好象病了.He looks as if he were ill.他感到他应该对发生的事情承担责任他感到他应该对发生的事情承担责任.He feels as if he were responsible for what had happened.(2) 对过去的虚拟谓语动词使用对过去的虚拟谓语动词使用had+过去过去分词分词, 意指从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语意指从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词之前动词之前.例如例如:她英语说的很好就象是在英国学习的一样她英语说的很好就象是在英国学习的一样.She spoke English well as if she had st

26、udied English in England.我记得整件事情就象是昨天发生的一样我记得整件事情就象是昨天发生的一样.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.(3) 对未来的虚拟谓语动词使用对未来的虚拟谓语动词使用would+动词原形动词原形, 意指从句谓语动词发生在主句意指从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词之后谓语动词之后. 例如例如:史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了.Mrs. Smith sobbed as if her heart would break.When a pencil is part

27、ly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been brokenThe actor is 58 years old. But he acts as if he _ a young man.A. is B. will be C. am D. wereThe clouds are getting darker and darker. It looks as if it _rain.A. is going to B. will C. was going to D.

28、 would注意：注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么从句中如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。的谓语动词可用陈述语气。It looks as if you are tired.Her face is so pale, it looks as if she is having a fever.That tree looked as if it _ for a long time. A) hasnt watered B) didnt water C) hadnt been watered D) wasnt watered 本题句意是：本题句意是：as if引导一个表示与过

29、去事实相引导一个表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的句子。主句的谓语动词是一般反的虚拟语气的句子。主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，所以过去时，所以as if后虚拟语气的谓语动词要用后虚拟语气的谓语动词要用过去完成时。过去完成时。 又如：又如：The old couple loved the orphan girl as if she had been their daughter.错综时间非真实条件句错综时间非真实条件句 错综时间非真实条件句错综时间非真实条件句 在表示虚拟语气的句子中，条件从句表示的在表示虚拟语气的句子中，条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致，动作与主句表示的动作发生的

30、时间并不一致，这时，谓语动词的形式要根据各自表示的时这时，谓语动词的形式要根据各自表示的时间来调整，这种现象叫做错综时间虚拟语气，间来调整，这种现象叫做错综时间虚拟语气，也称作也称作混合虚拟语气混合虚拟语气。If she had taken the doctors advice, she wouldnt be in hospital now. 如果她听从医生建议的话，现在也如果她听从医生建议的话，现在也就就 不会住院了。不会住院了。如果我是你，我当时就听从他的建议。如果我是你，我当时就听从他的建议。If I were you, I would have taken his advice the

31、n.从句表示现在，主句表示过去从句表示现在，主句表示过去如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。从句表示过去，主句表示现在从句表示过去，主句表示现在If you had listened to me, you might not be in such trouble now.If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.假若你不借钱给我

32、，假若你不借钱给我， 我不可能买下这幢新房，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you now. A) couldnt have smiled B) wouldnt be smiling C) didnt smile D) wont smile 从主句的时间状语从主句的时间状语now以及从句的谓语可知，以及从句的谓语可知，本题为一错综时间虚拟语气，从句表示与过去本

33、题为一错综时间虚拟语气，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句则表示与现在情况相反，事实相反的假设，主句则表示与现在情况相反，故故B项为正确答案。本题句意是：项为正确答案。本题句意是： 你掉下来的时候要不是我站在梯子下把你抓住你掉下来的时候要不是我站在梯子下把你抓住的话，你现在可就笑不起来了的话，你现在可就笑不起来了!名词性从句用虚拟语气名词性从句用虚拟语气 宾语从句宾语从句 主语从句主语从句 表语从句表语从句 同位语从句同位语从句一、虚拟语气用于宾语从句中一、虚拟语气用于宾语从句中(1).当当advise, command, demand, move, recommend, request, r

34、equire, suggest, urge等动词后面接宾语从句时，从句的谓语用：等动词后面接宾语从句时，从句的谓语用：“should+动词原形动词原形(其中其中should可省略可省略)”来表来表示虚拟语气。示虚拟语气。 例例1：The judge ordered that the defendant (should) pay the fine in two days. 法官命令法官命令被告两日内付清罚款。被告两日内付清罚款。 例例1：The judge ordered that the defendant (should) not leave the town without permiss

35、ion. 法官命令被告未经允许不得擅自法官命令被告未经允许不得擅自离开本城。离开本城。 例例3：Mr. Chairman, I urge that the money be used for the prevention of crimes instead of building more jails.Mikes uncle insists in this hotel. A) staying not B) not to stay C) that he would not stay D) that he not stay 在本题中，动词在本题中，动词insist后接宾语从句，从句的后接宾语从句，

36、从句的谓语用谓语用“(should+)动词原形动词原形”来表示虚拟语来表示虚拟语气。当从句为否定意义时，将否定词气。当从句为否定意义时，将否定词not置于置于动词原形前。本题句意是：动词原形前。本题句意是：麦克的叔叔坚持不麦克的叔叔坚持不住这家旅馆住这家旅馆。The manager of the hotel requests that their guests after 11 00 p.m. A) not to play loud music B) shouldnt play loud musicC) dont play loud musicD) couldnt play loud musi

37、c 在本题中，动词在本题中，动词request后的宾语从句中用后的宾语从句中用“should+动词原形动词原形”的虚拟语气形式，并且的虚拟语气形式，并且是否定形式。本题句意是：是否定形式。本题句意是：旅馆的经理要求旅馆的经理要求客人们在晚上客人们在晚上11点以后不要大声演奏点以后不要大声演奏.(2). 虚拟语气用于虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句中后的宾语从句中 动词动词wish后的宾语从句中，谓语动词须用虚拟后的宾语从句中，谓语动词须用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的愿望。语气，表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的愿望。通常有三种形式：通常有三种形式： 对将来发生的事情表示祝愿或愿望时，宾

38、语对将来发生的事情表示祝愿或愿望时，宾语从句的谓语用：从句的谓语用：would (could, might)+动词原动词原形。形。 例1：I wish he would try again. 我希望他再试一次。 例2：I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有点用处。 表示与现在事实相反的愿望时，宾语从句的表示与现在事实相反的愿望时，宾语从句的谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时。谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时。 例例1：I wish I wasnt going to Paris.我真希我真希望不是去巴黎。望不是去巴黎。 例例2：I wish I knew how to

39、program the new computer.我真希望我懂得如何给这台我真希望我懂得如何给这台新计算机编程序。新计算机编程序。 对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时，宾语对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时，宾语从句的谓语用从句的谓语用“过去完成时或过去完成时或could/would have done”的形式的形式。例例1：I wish you had come to our New Years party.我真希望你来参加了我们的新年联欢会。我真希望你来参加了我们的新年联欢会。例例2：I wish I could have gone with you last night. 我真希望昨天晚上能

40、够跟你一起去。我真希望昨天晚上能够跟你一起去。Sometimes I wish I in a different time and a different place. A) be living B) were living C) would live D) would have lived 当对现在发生的事情表示一种愿望时，从句中当对现在发生的事情表示一种愿望时，从句中的谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时，如果是动的谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时，如果是动词词be,则用则用were。本题句意是：。本题句意是：有时候我真希有时候我真希望自己生活在另一个时代和另一个地方望自己生活在另一个时代和另一个地方

41、。I wish I longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A) could have slept B) slept C) might have slept D) have slept 从句中时间从句中时间this morning可知，本题表示对过可知，本题表示对过去发生的事情表示遗憾，宾语从句的谓语须采去发生的事情表示遗憾，宾语从句的谓语须采用过去完成时或用过去完成时或could have done形式来表示形式来表示虚拟语气。本题句意是：虚拟语气。本题句意是：我真希望今天早晨能我真希望今天早晨能多睡一会，但我不

42、得不起床去上学多睡一会，但我不得不起床去上学。(3). 虚拟语气用于虚拟语气用于would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后的宾语从后的宾语从句中句中 would rather, would sooner, would as soon和和would just as soon等短语表示等短语表示“但但愿愿”、“宁愿宁愿”等意思，其后的宾语从句中的等意思，其后的宾语从句中的谓语要用虚拟语气，谓语要用虚拟语气，常用过去式或过去完成式常用过去式或过去完成式表示与现在或过去事实相反表示与现在或过去事实相反。would rather (that)现在：现在

43、：过去：过去：未来：未来：过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去时过去时I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.我真希望你告诉我真相。我真希望你告诉我真相。 Id rather you told me the truth. 我宁愿不再见着你。我宁愿不再见着你。 Id rather I didnt see you again. 我倒希望他们和我一起去。我倒希望他们和我一起去。I would rather they went

44、with me. Id sooner she left the heavy end of the work to someone else. 我宁愿她把重活留给别人。我宁愿她把重活留给别人。 Id just as soon you didnt take those important papers with you. 我希望你不要把那些重要文件带走。我希望你不要把那些重要文件带走。The manager would rather his daughter _ in the same office. A) does not work B) not to work C) had not worke

45、d D) did not work 经理宁愿他女儿不和他在同一个办公室工作。经理宁愿他女儿不和他在同一个办公室工作。would rather后的宾语从句的谓语动词用过去后的宾语从句的谓语动词用过去时来表示虚拟语气，符合语法规则的只有时来表示虚拟语气，符合语法规则的只有D项。项。又如：又如： He would rather it were winter now.他但愿他但愿现在是冬天。现在是冬天。Wouldnt you rather your child _to bed early? A) go B) went C) would go D) goes would rather后的宾语从句须采用虚

46、拟语气，后的宾语从句须采用虚拟语气，其谓语用一般过去时，本题句意是：其谓语用一般过去时，本题句意是：你难道不你难道不愿意让孩子早点上床休息吗愿意让孩子早点上床休息吗? 二、二、虚拟语气用于主语从句虚拟语气用于主语从句1.表达虚拟语气的主语从句的形式：表达虚拟语气的主语从句的形式： It is/was +引起虚拟语气的形容词或引起虚拟语气的形容词或过去分词过去分词+含虚拟语气的主语从句含虚拟语气的主语从句2.这类主语从句常常用于表示要求、建这类主语从句常常用于表示要求、建议、命令、请求、提议等，其谓语形议、命令、请求、提议等，其谓语形式为式为“（should）+动词原形动词原形”的形的形式。式。

47、 It is (was) important, necessary, essential, crucial, critical, vital, desirable, advisable, urgent, natural, better, best that It is (was) a (an) (his, her) pity, must, suggestion, order, proposal, requirement, request, recommendation, desire that It is (was) desired, arranged, decided, ordered, p

48、roposed, requested, recommended, suggestedthat.例例1:It is advisable that an announcement (should) be made to the staff. 最好给全体人员发个总通知。最好给全体人员发个总通知。例例2：Its requested that all the students ( should ) wear school uniforms at school.例例3：Its ordered that only German ( should ) be taught at schools in Alsas

49、 and Lorin.例例4：It was the Generals order that all deserters should be shot.It is essential that these application forms _ back as early as possible. A) must be sent B) will be sent C) are sent D) be sent 本题是由本题是由it作形式主语，作形式主语，that引导主语从句，引导主语从句，从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，虚拟语气的形式是从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，虚拟语气的形式是“should+动词原形动词原形

50、”，其中，其中should可省略。可省略。本题句意是：本题句意是：将这些申请表格尽快地反馈回来将这些申请表格尽快地反馈回来是很必要的。是很必要的。It is vital that enough money _ to fund the project. A) be collected B) must be collected C) is collected D) can be collected 本题中本题中vital后的主语从句用后的主语从句用“should+动词原动词原形形”的虚拟语气形式的虚拟语气形式(省略了省略了should)来构成从来构成从句的谓语，符合语法要求，为正确答案。本题句的谓

51、语，符合语法要求，为正确答案。本题句意是：句意是：筹集足够的钱为该工程提供资金非常筹集足够的钱为该工程提供资金非常关键关键。三、虚拟语气用于表语从句及同位语从句三、虚拟语气用于表语从句及同位语从句1.当表语从句的主语和同位语的先行词是能够引当表语从句的主语和同位语的先行词是能够引起虚拟语气的抽象名词时，从句必须用虚拟语起虚拟语气的抽象名词时，从句必须用虚拟语气气.其形式为：其形式为：从句的谓语动词用从句的谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形动词原形”的形式。的形式。2. 能够引起虚拟语气的抽象名词能够引起虚拟语气的抽象名词（1）一般名词：）一般名词：idea, motion, plan 等等

52、。等等。（2）与那些能够引导虚拟语气的动词相对应的）与那些能够引导虚拟语气的动词相对应的名词。比如：名词。比如：advice, demand, desire, order, proposal, preference, requirement, suggestion, decision, recommendation 等等等等例例1：The professor gave order that the test be finished before 10 30.教授指示考试须在十点半以前结束。教授指示考试须在十点半以前结束。例例2：Our idea is that the match be put

53、 off.我们的意思是比赛延期举行。我们的意思是比赛延期举行。The suggestion that the mayor _ the prizes was accepted by everyone. A) would present B) ought to present C) present D) presents 名词名词suggestion后有一同位语从句，根据虚拟后有一同位语从句，根据虚拟语气的语法要求，语气的语法要求，that从句中的动词用动词原从句中的动词用动词原形或形或“should+动词原形动词原形”的形式。本题句意的形式。本题句意是：是：大家都接受了由市长来颁发奖金的建议大家

54、都接受了由市长来颁发奖金的建议。One of the requirements for a fire is that the material to its burning temperature. A) is heated B) will be heated C) be heated D) would be heated requirement后接一表语从句，从句的谓语用后接一表语从句，从句的谓语用“(should+)动词原形动词原形”的形式来构成虚拟语的形式来构成虚拟语气。本题句意是：气。本题句意是：产生火的必要条件之一是物产生火的必要条件之一是物质被加热到它的燃点质被加热到它的燃点。虚拟

55、语气特殊句型：1. Its (about/high) time +that - 过去时should +V.你该走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.我们该去睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 2. without和和but for 构成虚拟条件状语：构成虚拟条件状语：Without sunlight, peoples life would

56、be different from today.But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work.Without your help, I would have failed.But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.3. If only 要是就好了要是就好了 = I wishIf only you were here with me now!If only we had followed your advice last time!If only I could

57、 see her again next year!If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!要是我没错过火车就好了要是我没错过火车就好了.4. otherwise 和和supposing也可以引导虚拟语气也可以引导虚拟语气。例如：例如：The storm stopped, otherwise the sailors would have fallen into the sea.Its getting cold, otherwise I would keep her here a little

58、longer.Suppose(supposing) your friends knew how you are behaving here, what would they think?5. so that 与与in order that 二者引导的目的状语从句谓语部分应该用二者引导的目的状语从句谓语部分应该用may /might/can /could /etc.+动词原形动词原形 She stayed at home for a few days so that she might have more time to study it. She listened carefully in o

59、rder that she might discover exactly what he wanted. He went to the station in a taxi so that he should not miss the train.6. 在在lest, for fear that, in case等引导的目的状等引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词用语从句中，谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形动词原形”来构成虚拟语气；在来构成虚拟语气；在so that, in order that等引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词除了用等引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词除了用“should+动词原形动

60、词原形”外，还可用外，还可用“might, could+动词原形动词原形”来构成虚拟语气。来构成虚拟语气。The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he himself. A) injure B) had injured C) injured D) would injure lest后的从句应用动词原形或后的从句应用动词原形或“should+动词动词原形原形”来构成虚拟语气，四个选项中符合规则来构成虚拟语气，四个选项中符合规则的只有的只有A项。本题句意是：项。本题句意是：这个疯子被关进了这个疯子被关进了墙上装有衬垫的病房，以免他伤害自己墙