大学商务英语综合课件chapter 1

1、An Integrated Course in International Business English国际商务英语综合教程lChapter 1 lA Brief Introduction to International Business国际商务简介国际商务简介l第一章 国际商务简介l1、什么是商务？l2、什么是国际商务？l3、国际商务活动范围l4、国际风险l5、关于国际商法l6、商业信用l7、关于国际商务管理l8、世界贸易组织简介. Explanatory Notes on Technical Terms 1. economic surplus 经济盈余 2. portfolio n.

2、 有价证券（清单） 3. a parent company 母公司 (又称控股公司，总公司，即通过参入制来控制其他公司活动的大公司，受 母公司控制的公司大致分为branch. Subsidiary) 4. turnkey project 由承包商一手承包办理的工程 5. expropriation n. 征收（私人财产）或剥夺（某人之地产等）6. contemplate v. 在心中打算，企图 7. extraterritorial 治外法权的8. collection 收款，托收9. correspondent bank 代理银行，往来银行10. insurance policy 保险单11

3、. insurance certificate 保险凭证12. weight memo (note) 重量单，磅码单13. institutional 惯例的，团体的14. multilateral 多边的，多方的15. implement 实行，实施16. legislation 立法17. adjudication 审判官，裁判员l1、什么叫商务商务？l传统上，商务仅指人们所需要的物品物品的交换或贸易交换或贸易。但是，今天商务有更为科学的定义定义，它是指为了利润利润而进行货物和劳务劳务的生产、分配分配和销售销售的一种活动。商务包括生产，即产品的创造和劳务的提供、分配、销售和利润。将铁矿铁矿

4、转化为机床零件机床零件就是一个很好的实例。由各种零件组成的机床需要从工厂运到市场或转移给机械经销经销商商，这就是大家知道的分配过程。将产品和劳务交易成金钱就是销售。例如，将一台机床卖给某人成交得钱，或者一个机修工提供修理机床的服务而得钱，我们都称之为销售。l综上所述，我们可以说，商务是指生产、分配、销售一切活动的组合，通过这些活动，创造利润或经济盈余盈余。任何一家商业公司其活动的主要目的就是创造利润，即支付一切开支后余下来的钱。所以创造利润或经济盈余是商业活动的基本目标。.Language Points （语言要点）（语言要点） (Teachers should note that here

5、we only give you some of the language points, you may add some by yourself.)1. but today it has a more technical definition, which is the production, distribution, and sale of goods and service for a profit. 但是，今天商业有更为科学的定义，它是指为了利润而进行货物和劳务的生产、分配和销售的一种活动。conversion:可变名词变换;转换;转变;改变 Conversion is the a

6、ct or process of changing something into a different state or form.dealerships:可数名词(通常指某汽车公司的）特许经销商 A dealership is a company that sells cars, usually for one car company.2. For example, a machine tool is sold to someone in exchange for money or a mechanic offers a service by repairing a machine too

7、l for money, which we call sales. 例如，将一台机床卖给某人成交得钱，或者一个机修工提供修理机床的服务而得钱，我们都称之为销售。 lWhich引导的定语从句为修饰主句的定语从句，which代表主句意义，注意译文。在科技英语与商务英语中，经常有由代表整个主句意义的关系代词which引出一个定语，翻译时和主句译成排比句。lE.g. The sun gives us light and heat, which makes us live on the earth possibly. 太阳给了我们光和热，这就使得我们有可能生活在地球上。 supervision: 监督;

8、管理 Supervision is the supervising of people, activities, or places. International business has emerged as a separate branch or management training, because the growing scale and complexity of business transactions across natioanl boundaries give rise to new and unique problems of management and gove

9、rnmental policy that have received inadequate attention in traditional areas of business and economics. 跨境业务活动给管理及政府政策方面带来了新颖独特的问题，这些问题在传统的商业及经济领域一直未得到充分的关注，致使国际业务以独立的管理培训分支机构形式出现。3. give rise to使产生，引起，导致 venerable: 德高望重的，令人崇敬的 A venerable person deserves respect because they are old and wise. limpr

10、essive or interesting because of age, antique appearance, etc.lE.g.: a venerable oak tree. lextremely old or obsolete; ancientlE.g.: a venerable automobile. The international business field is concerned with the issues facing international companies and governments in dealing with all types of cross

11、-border business transactions. 国际业务领域涉及各种类型的跨国商业交易问题。这些问题也是国际公司和政所面临的问题。或：国际业务领域涉及国际公司及政府在处理跨境业务时所面临的问题。4. different sovereign political units 不同的主权政治团体5. cover a wide range of 包括的广大范围6. International transactions in physical goods involve products from mining, petroleum, agriculture, and manufactur

12、ing activities. 实物商品中的国际交易涉及矿产品、石油产品、农产品和生产活动。7. Transactions in services are extensive in the construction, hotel, tourism, business consulting, and retailing and wholesaling sectors; 服务贸易广泛遍布于建筑、旅馆、旅游、商业洽谈以及零售和批发部门； 8. Transactions in intangibles occur in fields such as technology, trademarks, and

13、 cross-border data transmission. 无形商品交易发生在技术、商标、跨国界资料的传递这样一些领域里。或：无形贸易涉及到技术、商标、跨国界数据的传递这样一些领域。9. Foreign direct investments are defined as investments that give the investor effective control and are accompanied by managerial participation. 国外直接投资其定义是：使投资者有效地控制企业并参与管理的投资。 10. Direct investment may b

14、e financed in a number of ways other than through capital movements abroad. 直接投资可以用许多方式来提供资金（或：融资），而不是通过国外资金的运动（应：流动）。或：直接投资除了通过国外资金流动以外，还可以借助许多其它方式来进行融资。11. Without making foreign direct investment commitments, firms can engage in international business through exporting and importing, licensing of

15、 nonaffiliated foreign firms, sale of technology, foreign management contracts, and selling turnkey projects. 没有进行国外直接投资交托的公司，也可以从事国际商务活动。通过出口和进口、非分支机构的国外公司的许可，销售技术，国外管理合同以及销售由承包商完全包办的工程来进行。改进：在没有进行国外直接投资的情况下，公司亦可通过进出口业务、向非直属国外公司颁发许可、出售技术、签订涉外管理合同和承包工程等形式来进行国际业务。12. The special risk elements confron

16、ted in international business activity include financial, political, regulatory, and tax risks. 国际商务活动面对的特别风险因素包括金融、政治、管理和税收风险。jurisdiction: 不可数名词司法权；审判权；管辖权 Jurisdiction is the power that a court of law or an official has to carry out legal judgments or to enforce laws.dissimilar: 不一样的;不相同的;不相似的 If

17、 one thing is dissimilar to another, or if two things are dissimilar, they are very different from each other.13. The need has become recognized for a continuing business intelligence activity of considerable complexity to identify and predict international risks. 人们逐渐认识到继续进行相当复杂的商务情报活动来辨认和预计国际风险是必要

18、的。（pay attention to the translation.）underlying: 形容词潜在的；隐藏的；深层的；根本的 The underlying features of an object, event, or situation are not obvious, and it may be difficult to discover or reveal them.14. Therefore, the world businessperson, unlike the wholly domestic businessperson, has to take into accou

19、nt complex and diverse legal constraints. 因此，与国内商人所完全不同的是，国际商人必须重视复杂和各不相同的法律约束。 has to take into account (consideration) 必须考虑15. Each international transaction raises the possibility of the extraterritorial extension of the domestic laws of the home and host states, which may result in potential con

20、flicts. 每宗国际业务都会增加本国和东道国内部法律延伸到境外实行的可能性，这种情况可能引起潜在争端。 extraterritorial: 治外法权的，在疆界以外的，不受管辖的lterritorial: 领土的;领海的 Territorial means concerned with the ownership of a particular area of land or water.impinge: 影响;冲击 Something that impinges on you affects you to some extent.l中华人民共和国中外合资企业经营法l中华人民共和国商标法l中

21、华人民共和国涉外经济合同法l中华人民共和国外资企业法l中华人民共和国海关法l中华人民共和国出口关税条例l中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业所得税法实施细则l中华人民共和国外国企业所得税法实施细则l中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法实施条例l中华人民共和国进出口商品检验条例16. When remittance is adopted in international trade, the buyer on his own initiative remits money to the seller through a bank according to the terms and time stipul

22、ated in the contract. l国际贸易如采用汇付方式结算，买方则应按合同约定的条件和时间，将货款通过银行主动汇给卖方。 17. The seller issues a draft, to which the shipping documents are attached, forwards the draft to a bank in his place (i.e., the remitting bank), makes an application for collection and entrusts the remitting bank to collect the pu

23、rchase price from the buyer through its correspondent bank abroad (i.e., the collecting bank).l由卖方开具汇票并随附单据，把它交给当地银行（托收银行或受托银行）并提出托收申请，委托该银行通过它在进口地的代理行（代收银行），代向进口人收款。18. Because the remitting bank instructs the collecting bank not to part the documents with the latter until the draft is accepted or

24、paid, many of the difficulties mentioned in “Shipment at first and Settlement later” are removed by this method. 托收银行指示代收银行直到买方承兑或支付汇票后才向他交单，因此，这种方法排除了“先出后结”的许多弊病。recoup: 动词重新获得;重新拿回;收回;弥补 If you recoup a sum of money that you have spent or lost, you get it back.19. It is composed of a team of manag

25、ers who have charge of the organization at all levels. Their duties include making sure company objectives are met and seeing that the business operate efficiently. 管理班子由负责各级组织的经理们组成，他们的任务是保证公司目标的得以实现，并确保业务得以有效进行。 be composed of 由组成20. In order to adequately and efficiently perform these management

26、functions, managers need interpersonal, organizational, and technical skills. 为正确、有效地发挥这些管理职能，经理们须要具有交际能力、组织能力和专业技能。 21. The structure of the WTO is dominated by its highest authority, the Ministerial Conference, composed of representatives of all WTO members, which is required to meet at least ever

27、y two years and which can make decisions on all matters under any of the multilateral trade agreements. 世界贸易组织的最高权威机构，是由其全体成员国的代表组成的部长级会议。部长级会议至少每两年召开一次，可根据多边贸易协议中的任何一项协议对所有的问题做出决定。(根据句子结构用语法翻译法引导学生翻译此长句。或尝试其它译法) dedicated: 献身的;一心一意的;热忱的。 You use “dedicated” to describe someone who enjoys a particul

28、ar activity very much and spends a lot of time doing it. Keys to Test Yourself （练习答案）（练习答案）1. Comprehension Questions1) Whats the definition of business today? Today, business has a more technical definition, which is the production, distribution and sales of goods and services for profit.2) Whats t

29、he basic purpose of business activities? The basic purpose of business activities is creating profit or economic surplus. 3) What features does international business deal with? International business as a field of management training deals with the special features of business activities that cross

30、 national boundaries. (以下每课都只有前面3题给答案，4)题起以下均只给出题目，答案由任课老师备课时根据教辅自制。)4) Whats the scope of international business activities?5) Whats the definition of foreign direct investments?6) What does the special risk elements confronted in international business activities include?7) How do we treat the int

31、ernational risk?8) Why is international business law a creature of domestic law?9) What laws and regulations on international business does China have?10) What does the word “credit” mean? Whats the commercial credit?11) What ways of remittance can the buyer adopt when he sends the money to the sell

32、er?12) What is collection?13) What does D/P mean in international business?14) What does “Packing List” mean?15) What functions do most managers perform in internaional business?16) What is the World Trade Organization (WTO)?17) Where are the headquarters of the WTO?18) What are the fundamental func

33、tions of the WTO?19) What is the highest authority of the WTO and how often is it required to meet?2. Translate the following economic terms into English:1) 商品交换或贸易 exchange or trade for goods2) 世界经济舞台 the world economic scene 3) 国外直接投资 foreign direct investment4) 多国企业 multinational enterprise5) 商业和

34、投资银行（业务） commercial and investment bank(ing)6) 有价证券投资 portfolio investments 7) 金融风险 financial risks 8) 支付差额（国际收支） balance-of-payment9) 法律文件 legal documents10) 有效经营 effective management l3. Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with appropriate words.lInvestment in one country individuals

35、 and organizations another is an important aspect of international business. Investment may be for in the form of securities or direct capital in the form of productive facilities. Colonialism and have often been described in terms of powerful nations exploiting the and natural resources of weaker,

36、less-developed countries. While some exploitation still remain, most developing as well as nations now substantially control the types, and ownership terms of investments by foreigners.l(此部分，仅给出课后习题中的一部分起引导作用) by fromportfolioimperialismchangeshumandevelopedscopesmadel3. cloze:l1.by 2.from 3.portfol

37、io 4.imperialism 5.charges 6.human 7.developed 8.scopes 9.made 10.global 11.corporations 12.classifying 13.whether 14.and 15. group bination 17.play 18.because 19.technology 20.confront. 21.critics 22.minimize 23.shift 24.rules 25.monorityl4. Translate the Following Passage into English，then Answer

38、the Following Questions: l管理职能管理职能l本世纪初，一位名叫亨利法约尔的工业家曾撰文指出管理者应履行五项管理职能：计划、组织、指挥、协调和控制。50年代中期，两位教授把计划、组织、人事安排、指挥和控制作为一本管理教科书的编写框架，该书成为随后20年中最畅销的管理类教科书。当今最流行的管理教材仍然按管理的职能编排，但这些职能通常已被概括为最基本的四项，即计划、组织、领导和控制。下面我们简要阐述每一项职能的含义。translation:lManagement FunctionslIn the early part of this century, a French In

39、dustrialist by the name of Henri Fayol wrote that all managers perform five management functions: they plan, organize, command, coordinate, and control. In the mid-1950s, two professors used the functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling as the framework for a textbook on management that for twenty years was the most widely sold text on the subject. The most popular textbooks still continue to be organized around management functions, al