2013年5月北京地区成人英语三级考试真题及答案详解解析

1、2013 年 5 月北京地区成人英语三级考试真题及答案详解PassagelQuestio ns 1 to 5 are based on the follow ing passage:Is that 6 a.m. workout getting in the way of good sleep? Don t think yourfat cells won tno tice. A new study published in The Ann als of Internal Medici ne(a medical jour nal) findsthat in adequate shut-eye ha

2、s a harmful effect on fat cells, reduci ng their abilityto resp ond to insulin (胰岛素)by about30 percent. Overthe Iong-term, this decreased response could set the stage for type-2 diabetes(a medical con diti onin which some one has too much sugar in his or her blood),fatty liver disease and weight gai

3、n.The study adds to a grow ing body of evide nee that there s “ an in timaterelati on shipbetwee n the amount of sleep we get and our ability to maintain agood, healthy body weight, ” says sleep expertHelene Emsellem, director of theCenter for Sleep and Wake Disorders in Chevy Chase, Maryland. (76)

4、ButAmericansdon t seem to be getting the message that we n eed seve n to nine hoursper ni ght. More tha n 1 in 5 of us, according to a report from the Cen tersfor Disease Con trol and Preven ti on, is getti ng six or fewer hours of sleep perni ght,on average.So how did researchers study fat cells in

5、 the Ann als paper? Matthew Bradyof theUni versity of Chicago and a group of colleagues selected and persuadedseve n volun teers to take part in theresearch project. They were all youn g,th in and healthy and agreed to sleep for eight ni ghts in a sleep lab. “ Forfourni ghts they were allowed to sta

6、y in bed for8.5 hours a night, ” says Brady.Then, a month late they came back for four additional nights but this timetheywere allowed just 4.5 hours of sleep per night. And after each visit,researchers got a sample of their fat. (77) Bradyexpla ins that the fatcells resp on ded significantly to the

7、 loss of sleep. I was very surprised tobe honest,” hesays.Bad things can happe n whe n fat cells become less respon sive to in suli n.“ Fat cells areactually your friend, ” he says. “ They re there to sto 血脂 pils ” whe n lipidsstay in side the cells, your body canutilize the fat when you re exercisi

8、ng orslepiiing aboutyour day. “ However, whe n fat cells start to become in suli n resista nt, the lipids start to leach out of the fat cells andrise in the bloodstream,” Brady says.1. Accord ing to the passage, lack of sleepfor a long while can probably lead to all of thefollowi ng EXCEPT_.A. heart

9、 diseaseB. weight gainC. diabetesD. liver disease2. The main idea of the third paragraph is_.A. how to write a medical research paperB. how to avoid sleep lossC. how the research was con ductedD. how to con duct a medical experime nt3. What does the word leach ” in the lastparagraph probably mean?A.

10、 Leap.B. Lead.C. Lean.D. Leak.4. Which of the followi ng is NOT TRUEaccordi ng to the passage?A. We will be in trouble if our fat cells becomeless resp on sive to in suli n.B. More and more studies are done to study the lin kbetwee n sleep and weight.C. More tha n 20% of America ns are not gett inge

11、no ugh sleep.D. Fat cells are there to help us mai ntai n a goodhealth.5. Which of the following is an appropriatetitle for this passage?A. Poor Sleep May Lead to Too Much Stored Fat an dDiseaseB. Sleep Experts Had Excit ing Findings in a FatStudyC. America ns Should Have More Tha n Six Hours ofSlee

12、pD. Bad Things Happen if Fat Cells Become Our FriendPassage 2Questio ns 6 to 10 are based on the follow ing passage:The top of the world is a won derla nd. In wi nter, the temperature often falls to -30F andthe sun n ever rises. The ocea n is surro un ded by froze ngro und. There are few people or t

13、rees, but to polar bears,the Arctic （ 北极）is home.（78） Polar bears have thick fur, big paws and other featuresthat make them well prepared for life in their toughenvironment. In fact, theyneed the Arctic sea ice for survival. But climate cha nge is caus ing larger an dlarger areas ofsummer sea ice to

14、 melt （融化）.Experts say that ifwarmi ng patter ns con ti nue, the Arctic could be free of summer sea ice by 2050.That may causetwo- thirds of the world s 20,000 polar bears to bene by then too.Polar bears can t survive for long on land. Seals are their main sourceof food. The only place where polar b

15、ears canhunt seals is on the ice. （79）Although these bears are strong swimmers, they are no match for lightning swiftsealsin the water. A polar bear has brilliantly clever strategies toovercome this disadvantage. In winter the bear waitsmotionless beside a seal sbreathing hole, which is a narrow tun

16、nel through the ice. Often many hours passbefore theseal comes up for air and the bear kills it with a powerful blow ofits paw. In summer, the polar bears that live on landeat very little and waitfor the sea ice to return.With the sea ice forming later in the year and melting earlier, polarbears do

17、not have eno ugh opport un ity to hunt andeat. Less sea ice makes itharder for the bears to catch the seals. The bears must swim Ion ger dista ncesbetwee n icepacks （大片浮冰 ）,and theycan t always make it. The ice is also gettingthinner. These conditions can cause polar-bear cubs to becomeseparated fro

18、m their mothers, who provide them withfood.Steve n Amstrup is the chief scie ntist of Polar Bears Intern ati on al. Thegroup aims to save the bears and their home.“ The more people who see polarbears and un dersta nd theirdifficult situation, the better th e chanee we llalter our warming path in tim

19、e to save them, he says.6. Which is the best title for the passage?A. Climate cha nge in the ArcticB. How to protect the En viro nmentC. The Arctic Is Home to Polar BearsD. Polar Bears in Dan ger7. Where do polar bears usually hunt seals?A. On Iand.B. In ope n water.C. In ope nings in the sea ice.D.

20、 At the bottom of the sea.8. The word “ cubs ” in the fourth paragraphis closest i n meaning to_ .A. adultsB. babiesC. hun tersD. en emies9. Accord ing to the passage, which of thefollowi ng stateme nts is TRUE?A. Starvi ng polar bears are in creas in gly cominginto villages, where they may be kille

21、d either for food or safety.B. Polar bears can spend their entire lives on Iandif the sea ice melts completely.C. Two-thi rds of the world s polar bears maydisappear by 2050 as global warming con ti nu es.D. The grow ing dista nee betwee n ice packs is not aproblem for polar bears, because they are

22、excelle nt swimmers.10. What s the missi on of Polar Bears Intern ati on al?A. Saving en ergy.B. Con duct ing scie ntific research.C. Seek ing intern ati onal cooperati on.D. Saving polar bears and their home.Passage 3Questio ns 11 to 15 are based on the follow ing passage:Imagine a school that expe

23、cted its students to become literate （ 有读写能力的 ）without any formali nstructio n. Mostpare nts would be alarmed by such an approach, which wouldleave their childre n con fused and with gaps in their understa nding. Thishowever has bee n the philosophy on character developme nt in many of ourschools. W

24、hy is thedevelopme nt of character see n as somehow differe nt from theother skills that we teach?Of course there will always be learning by osmosis （ 耳濡目染） in any school,but as a teacher and primary school headI have found that a child s morallitetangthsnedwhe n they acquire the buildi ng blocks of

25、 goodcharacter such as con siderati on, courage and honor: qualities whicharecommonly known as virtue （ 美德）.I pers on ally find that explori ng a virtue over a two-week period providesa simple and effective program that allows forthe creative in put of bothteacher and stude nt and a chanee for the v

26、irtue to embed（ 使融入）itself. Once alesson ona virtue such as honesty has bee n completed we n eed to allow time forchildre n to practice this con cept just as wouldbe the case with fractions orverbs. Allowing children to role play a situation such as maki ng up excuses tocover amistake can be eno rmo

27、usly in terest ing, and the drama can be froze n allow in gthe characters to be questi onedabout their feeli ngs and motives.(80) It salso a safe way for children to experience for themselves how a lie usuallygoes out of con trol.Our role as educators is also to look for opport un ities to help ours

28、tude nts as they attempt to stre ngthe n theircharacters. When someth ing goeswro ng we guide the young pers on to the virtue that will preve nt it fromhappe ningaga in. For in sta nce, whe n a stude nt thoughtlessly disturbs the calmatmosphere of the library, in stead of a response such as,“that wa

29、s reallydisrespectful and selfish of you!” twEDdiraweauthe requiredvirtue:“ When you re walking through the library, what virtues do you need to use?11. Which of the follow ing is the main ideaof this passage?A. Teach ing morals and values has bee n a freque ntlydiscussed topic in the past few years

30、.B. The author and his staff embed virtues in toless ons and school life to en courage character developme nt inchildre n.C. Kids throughout the populati on face the same needs, the same challe nges, and the same realities in their lives.D. Role plays are an excelle nt way of gett in gstude nts to p

31、ractice their En glish.12. We can infer from the first paragraphthat_.A. there tends to be disagreeme nt about whatcharacter educati on isB. most pare nts are not satisfied with the teach in gmethods adopted in schoolsC. the approach to character educati on is gen erallyc on sidered differe nt from

32、the approaches to other skillsD. more and more schools are adopt ing strategies toimprove school atte ndance13. The word philosophy ” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to_ .A. study B. subjectC. viewpo int D. in vestigati on14. The author is a_.A. teacher B. libraria nC. reporter D. man a

33、ger15. Which of the following is NOT mentionedin the passage as a way to build character in childre n?A. Story readi ngs and discussi ons.B. Osmosis.C. Taking every opport unity to teach character.D. Role play.Part II Vocabulary an dStructure (30%)Directions: In this part there are 30in complete sen

34、ten ces. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B,Cand D. Choose the ONE an swer that best completes the sentence. Then blacke n thecorresp onding letter on the Answer Sheet.16. So much_ about his ships on the seathat he didn t sleep for a single minute allni ght.A. did he worryC. he wor

35、ried17. His new no vel is saidB. to have madeD.to have bee n made18. He tried several times to pass theexam. _the end, he succeeded.rains.side of the street weresta nding young boys and girls to welcome thePreside nt.29. Hospitaldoctors don t go outveryoften as their workA. takes awayB.takes inC. ta

36、kes over30. The_of blood always makes him sick.A. bothB.twoC. eitherD. everyA. sightB.viewC. lookD. form31. She sent her applicati on to the uni versity last week, but_any resp onse up to now.A. didn t receiveB. weren t receivingD. hasn t receivedC. hadn t received32.by the teacher in class, Joh n f

37、eltquite depressed and kept sile nt the wholeevening.A. Criticizi ngC. CriticizedB. To criticizeD.Having criticized33. I d play football with you now if IA. amB.beten years youn ger.C. had bee nD. were34. All the books,had some picturesi n them, were sent to the little girl.A. whichB.thatC. whoD. wh

38、oseinto a filmlast year.B. he did worryD.worried heA. to makeC. to be madeA. OnB.InC. At19. The report of an earthquake (地震)in the South China Sea has notbeenD. By_ yet.A. conflictedB.confusedC. confinedD. confirmed20. The clouds are gatheri ng. Wed betterhurry andthe departme nt store in case itA.

39、hand inB.face up to21. There is only one boat_for hire .IC. head forD. back up m afraid you have to wait for the next one.A. superiorB.capableC. complicatedD. available22. I think fishi ng is a nice hobby but needs a good deal of_.C. stre ngththat I shouldcook dinner and she would washA. relati onB.

40、limitation23. Fin ally we made aD. patienee up after.A. tripB.barga in24. TheoldC. faceD. foolA. lyingdeadB.lyi ngdeathC. lay ing deadD. lay ing deatha crime, he will bep unished.A. makesB.commitsC. performsD. achieves26. If you in sist on doing that, pleasetake me into_ .A. thi nkB.thi nkingC. thou

41、ghtD. con sideration27. The letters PTApare nt-teacherassociation.A. sta nd forB.call forC. reach forD. care for28. Onall their time.D. takes up35. It is known thatGalileo inven tedtelescope.A. the.theB./.theC. a./D. the.a36. The silk produced in Han gzhou feelsextremely.A. softB.softlyC. softn essD

42、. softy37. Not a si ngle mistakein the test.A. he madeB.did he makeC. he has madeD. made he38. Would you minda photo of you?A. me takeB.to takeC. my tak ingD. me to take39. The lady treats the boy n ext door wellas if he_her own son.A. isB.wasC. wereD. would be40. The city_ I was born is on the n ew

43、railway line.A. whichB.thatC. on whichD. where41. It_yesterday, for the gro und isstill wet now.A. must have rainedB. was rainingC. rainedD.had rained42. If Professor Jones arrives tomorrow,either you or I_to meet him at the airport.A. areB.isC. amD. were43. _with the size of the whole earth,the hig

44、hest mountain doesn t seem high at all.A. When comparedB. CompareC. While compari ngD. Compari ng44. On this special occasi on I d like toexpress my_wishes for your future happ in ess.A. obviousB.sin cereC. hopefulD. hon est45. He doesn t spend much time hishomework.A. inB.withC. onD. ForPart III Id

45、e ntificatio n (10%)Directions: Each of the follow ing sentences has four un derl ined parts marked A, B, C andD. Identify the one that is not correct. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the An swer Sheet.46. He is such strong a man that he can lift ten stones like this one.ABCD47. It was un t

46、ll after his death that he was recog ni zed as a great composer.ABCD48. Get to the top of the hill, but you will see the whole city.ABCD49. Is that the reas on because you are in favor of the proposal?ABCD50. There was so much noise in the room that I could hardly hear myself to think.ABCD51. When D

47、addy will come back, I am going to tell him everything about your poor performa nee at school.ABC52. Some people like to eat apples, but others prefer bananas for apples.ABCD53. Most tree frogs change colors from time to time to fit in with its environment.ABCD54. As a slow student, Janehasn t finis

48、hed her test in time, is she?ABCD55. There are only two things worth to read in this newspaper the TV listings and the sports page .AB CDPart IV Cloze （10%）Directio ns: There are 20 bla nks in the followi ng passage, and for each bla nk there are 4 choices marked A,B, C and D at the end of the passa

49、ge. You should choose ONE an swer that best fits into the passage. Thenblacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Life as a woman in the colonial （ 殖民的）Americaseems quite different from it is today. Women were considered inferior to men, a fact _56_ in tradition, law,and religion. Their p

50、lace was in the home, _57_ they were to serve as devoted wives and mothers. Theywere therefore con sidered unfit to operate _58_ political beings and un able to _59_ the ben efits of citizenship give n to men. Very few wome n _60_a college educati on,secured a well-paid job, or pursued a fruitful ca

51、reer. Other tha n marrying well, they could do _61_ toimprove their econo mic status._62_ their sec on dary status, wome n _63_ play a cen tral role in develop ing, civilizi ng, and adva ncingthe n ati on long before the Un ited States gained its in depe ndence _64_ Great Britain. During the colonia

52、lperiod, they made great contributions to family and com mun ity. They worked alon gside their husba nds 65family survival dema nded that chores（杂事） be shared by all. Women helped to sow, plant, and harvest crops.They _66_ pigs and chicke ns, pla nted garde ns and milked cows. This n eed for shared

53、male and femalelabor 67 a con sta nt theme （ 主题）as families moved to the fron tier, where all family members hav ing towork _68_ esse ntial._69_ scholars still debate the nature of white wome n sstanding during the colonial period, many of themadmit that colonial women _70_ some standing in their fa

54、milies and com mun ities 71 their con tributi onswere so esse ntial. A woma n might 72 chores in the home but also assist her husba nd in _73_ a newspaper or a store. But this cooperative （ 合作的）approach did not tran slate into 74 rights for wome n; instead, it_75_ the realities and un certa in ties

55、of coloni al life.56. A. rooted B. root ingC. causedD. caus ing57. A. thatB. whichC. whe n D. where58. A. for B. asC. i nD. alo ng59. A. view B. startC. enjoy D. spread60. A. train edB. desig nedC. acquiredD. studied61. A. fewerB. few |C. lessD. little62. A. In spite ofB. I n place ofC. I nstead ofD

56、. In need of |63. A. doB. didC. wereD. was |64. A. forB.withC. toD. from65. A. sinceB. beforeC. althoughD. while66. A. raisedB. rose |C. aroseD.,aroused67. A. hesitatedB. sacrificedC. rema inedD. changed68. A. improvedB. provedC. swelledD. foun ded69. A. AfterB. Si neeC. AlthoughD. Because70. A. swi

57、tchedB. bala needC. sparedD.achieved71. A. becauseB. beforeC. althoughD. while72. A. thriveB. perform |C. supplyD.process73. A. readi ngB. requiri ngC. buyi ngD .running74. A. loyalB. equalC. uprightD. proud75. A. i nten dedB. removedC. reflectedD. Ven turedPart VTran slatio n (20%)Section ADirectio

58、ns: In this part, there are five sentences which you should tran slate into Chin ese.These sentences are all taken from the 3 passages you have just read in Reading Comprehension. You canrefer back to the passages to identify their meanings in the con text76. But America ns don tseem to be gett ing

59、the message that we n eed seve n to nine hours per ni ght.77. Brady explains that the fat cells responded significantly to the loss of sleep.78. Polar bears have thick fur, big paws and other features that make them well prepared for life in their toughenvironment.79. Although these bears are strong

60、 swimmers, they are no match for lightning swift seals in the water.80. It s also a safe way for children to experienee forthemselves how a lie usually goesout of con trol.Section BDirections: In this part, there are five sentences in Chinese. You should translate them into En glish. Be sure towrite