被动语态讲解(共7页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上被动语态讲解1. 高考必会9种被动语态以动词clean为例：被动语态 例 句一般现在时的被动语态Our classroom is cleaned every day.一般过去时的被动语态Our classroom was cleaned just now.一般将来时的被动语态Our classroom will be cleaned soon.过去将来时的被动语态She said the classroom would be cleaned soon.现在进行时的被动语态Our classroom is being cleaned now.过去进行时的被动语态The

2、classroom was being cleaned when I came in.现在完成时的被动语态The classroom has been cleaned twice today.过去完成时的被动语态She said the classroom had been cleaned twice today.将来完成时的被动语态The room will have been cleaned before you come.2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 be +过去分词，be 可以用get /become来代替，1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。例The baby

3、should _(take)good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He _his mother _by his mother 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy_

4、(catch)a cigarette.4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger_(see walk )into the building.5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例The m

5、eeting is to be put off till Friday.二、 如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。例 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3. 为了更好地安排句子。例The well-known person got on the bus

6、 and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了）三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词不定式”。有：It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众

7、所周知，It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy _the national exam. ）四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，washcut wear write cook shut dry drink 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时带状语修饰语时easily, badly, wel

8、l , smoothly，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例 This kind of cloth _(wash)well.Your pen writes smoothly The cups clean easily 注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的_，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door won't lock （指门本身有毛病）The door won't be locked （指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break ou

9、t, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。五、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。如 “under +名

10、词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）。例The building is _( is being constructed).被动语态和系表结构的区别1 被动语态中过去分词是动词，强调动作，可用by+人；系表结构中的过去分词相当形容词，强调状态The gate of the garden was locked by the girl.()The gate of the ga

11、rden was locked .()2系表结构只用于一般现在时和一般过去时态，被动语态有多种时态。The composition is well written .()The composition is being written .()3 系表中的过去分词可以被veru ,too ,so 等修饰，被动语态中须用 much 修饰He was very excited by the news .()He was much excited by the news .()4 by+不及物动词的过去分词，是系表结构。Her money is all gone 5表充满be +过去分词+with 表

12、系表结构The mountain is covered with snow all the year round .6 remain /feel /lie /stand /become / grow +过去分词表系表结构The matter remained unsettled .被动语态习题1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinnerA are not kept；will have toB are not kept；haveC do not keep；will have toD do

13、 not keep；have to2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.A. developB. have developeddC. being developedD. will have been developed3. - _ the sports meet might be put off- Yes，it all depends on the weatherA I've been told B I've toldC I'm to

14、ld D I told4. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed5. Rainforests _and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A. cut B. are cutC. are being cut D. had been cut6. The new suspension b

15、ridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designedB. had been designedC. was designed D. would be designed7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has brokenC. were broken D. had been broken8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.A. have be

16、en taken place; have been set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set upD. were taken place; were set up9. That suit _ over 60 dollars.A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost10. - Look! Everything here is under construction.- Whats the pretty small house that _ for?

17、A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building11.- Do you like the material?- Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA write B to writeC to be written D written13. I have no more letters _ ，thank youA to type B typing

18、C to be typed D typed14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.A. wont wash out B.wont be washed out C. isnt washed out D. isnt washing out15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out16. The

19、computers on the table _ Professor Smith.A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to17. - What do you think of the book?-Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caugh

20、t C. being caught D. to catch19. This page needed _ again.A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked20. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercisesA. Having taught B. Having been taughtC. taught D. Teaching21It is said that a new robot _by him in a few days.A) design

21、ed B) has been designed C) will be designed D) will have been designed22We are late. I expect the film _by the time we get to the cinema.A) will already have started B) would already have startedC) shall have already started D) has already been started23 She will stop showing off if no notice_ of he

22、r. A) is taken B) takes C) will be taken D) has taken24 Diamond _in Brazil in 1971.A) is found B) has been found C) was found D) had been found25“Have you moved into the new flat?”“Not yet. The room_.”A) has been painted B) is painted C) paints D) is being painted26 My pictures _until next Friday.A)

23、 won't develop B) aren't developed C) don't develop D) won' t be developed27 Tim _since he lost his job three weeks ago.A) had been unemployed B) was unemployedC) has been unemployed D) has unemployed28 A great number of colleges and universities _since 1949.A) has been establish B)

24、have been established C) have established D) had been established29 I'll have to push the car to the side of the road because we _if we leave it here.A) would be fined B) will be fined C) will being fined D) will have been fined30“_two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. S

25、hall we go and see it together?”A) They have been given B) I have been given C) I am given D) They have given to me31 The subject of these lectures _by the lecture committee.A) is announced B) have been announcedC) are announced D) has been announced32 I found an aspirin bottle _dropped on the floor

26、 of David's room.A) was B) had C) had been D) is33The goods _when we arrived at the airport.A) were just unloading B) were just been unloading C) had just unloaded D) were just being unloaded34 If one _by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance.A) overcomes B) is overcomeC) h

27、as been overcome D) overcome35 Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them _taken in the past.A) was not B) were notC) were not being D) had not been36 You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now _sour.A) I smell B) it is smeltC) it smells D) it is smell

28、ing37 After the race_, the celebration began.A) had been won B) is wonC) will be won D)has been won38 He was here for a little while, but I don't know where she _now.A) is B) was C) had been D) has been39 The young teacher has _ competent.A) been proved to be B) proved to beC) been proved D) pro

29、ved being40 Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, _photographically in March 1930.A) discovered B) was discoveredC) by discovery D) when discovered41 To get a better view of the stage, _.A)our seats had to be changed B) our seats were changedC) we had to change our seats D) our seats were

30、 changed by us 42 After synthetic_, engineers had a better choice of material.A) created B) has createdC) has been created D) had been created43 I think much attention _your pronunciation.A) must be paid to B) ought to be paid toC) must pay to D) should be paid to44 Since 1970, millions of enthusias

31、ts _Vitamin C, which they believe can remedy the common cold.A) have taken B) have been takenC) have been taking D) have been taking45 I don't remember _the chance to try this method.A)having been given B) to have been givenC)having given D) to have given46 We could ask someone to do the work pr

32、ivately without it_.A) know B) be knownC) being known D) to be known47 The construction of the laboratory _by the end of next month.A) must be completed B) must have been completedC) will be completing D) will have been completed48 They would tell how the African _on a ship to an American port. A) w

33、as brought B) could have been broughtC) had been brought D) was to be brought 49 He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses _to Peter.A) is belonged to B) belongedC) belongs D) is belonging 50 Negotiation _again with Moscow tomorrow, a great event will be discussed then.A) is to be opened B) is

34、 on the point of openingC) is going to open D) opens 51) The reason for all the changes being made _to us yet.A) has not explained B) has not been explainedC) did not explained D) were not explained52) Experiments in the photography of moving objects _in both the United States and Europe well before 1900.A) were conducting B)were conductedC) had been conducted D) had conducted53) When he turned the corner, he found himself _by a man in black.A) tailed B) been tailedC) was tailedD) had been tailed54) A