小学英语语法一般现在时详细讲解（课堂PPT）

1、12021/3/29The simple present tense一般现在时一般现在时22021/3/29我的功能我的功能1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态I wash the dishes every day.You sometimes take a bus home. They usually have lunch at 11:30.He always gets up early. She is often late for school. 2. 表示表示表示客观事实表示客观事实You are 13.He is a student. You study a

2、t Olympic Garden Middle School.32021/3/29always(总是) usually(通常) often(经常) sometimes(有时) hardly(几乎不) rarely（很少） never(从不) every day(每天) every year(每年） all the time（所有时间）on Monday（在星期一） in January （在某月）3. 表示表示永恒不变的真理；永恒不变的真理； The moon goes round the earth. 42021/3/29 一一. be. be动词的一般现在时动词的一般现在时be动词：动词：

3、 主语主语 + be +其它其它如如：I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。 He is a boy.他是一个男孩。 am is(单三）单三） are52021/3/29肯定句：主语肯定句：主语+bebe+其它其它 如：如： He is a worker. You are thirteen.He is a worker. You are thirteen. 否定句：主语否定句：主语+ bebe+ notnot+其它其它 如：如： He is not a worker.He is not a worker. You arent thirteen. You arent thirteen.一般疑问句

4、：一般疑问句：BeBe+主语主语+其它其它? 如：如： Is he a worker? Yes, he is./No, he isnt.Is he a worker? Yes, he is./No, he isnt. Are you thirteen? Yes, I am ./No, I am not. Are you thirteen? Yes, I am ./No, I am not.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：疑问词疑问词+bebe+主语主语+其它其它? 如：如： What is he? What colour is that bird? What is he? What colour is

5、 that bird? How old are you? Where are they ? How old are you? Where are they ?2. be2. be 动词的一般现在时的基本句型动词的一般现在时的基本句型62021/3/29二二. 实义动词的一般现在时实义动词的一般现在时1 1、什么叫实义动词？、什么叫实义动词？ 实义动词是指实义动词是指表示有具体意思的表示有具体意思的动词动词,也叫行为动词。也叫行为动词。 如如: like(喜欢）喜欢）, eat（吃）（吃）, live（居住）（居住）, have（有）（有）, run（跑）（跑） 等等。等等。实义动词占英语中动词

6、的绝大多数。实义动词占英语中动词的绝大多数。72021/3/29 我们已学过的我们已学过的be 动词可译成动词可译成“是是”，有时译成有时译成“成为成为”，有时则没有具体意，有时则没有具体意思如：思如： “She is tall.”这句译成：这句译成： “她很她很高高”。故。故be 动词不属于实义动词。动词不属于实义动词。82021/3/292 2、一般现在时实义动词作谓语的时侯有两种形式：、一般现在时实义动词作谓语的时侯有两种形式：动词原形；如动词原形；如: enjoy第三人称单数动词形式；如第三人称单数动词形式；如: enjoys主语主语 + (+其它其它)。行为动词原形行为动词原形行为动

7、词的单数第三人称形式行为动词的单数第三人称形式如如：We study English.我们学习英语. He studies French. 92021/3/29一般现在时结构静态句“ to be” 动态句“to do”102021/3/29静态句静态句“to be”肯定句肯定句否定句否定句一般疑问句一般疑问句主语主语+ be动词动词+I am a girl.He is at home.They are happy.主语主语+ be动词动词+not+He is not a farmer.We are not at school.I am not tall.Be动词动词+ 主语主语+?Is he

8、a farmer?Are you students?Are the books on the table?112021/3/29动态句动态句“to do”肯定句肯定句否定句否定句一般疑问句一般疑问句主语主语+ 动原动原+三单主语三单主语+动词三单动词三单+We go to school everyday.He goes home after school.主语主语+ dont +动原动原+三单主语三单主语+doesnt +动原动原We dont go to schoolHe doesnt go home Do+主语主语+动原动原?Does +三单主语三单主语+动原动原?Do you go to

9、 school?Does he go home?122021/3/29 哪些主语是第三人称单数哪些主语是第三人称单数? 132021/3/29一、人称代词一、人称代词he, she, ithe, she, it是第三人称单是第三人称单数。数。 He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。142021/3/29二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。语；是第三人称单数。 Han Mei looks like her mot

10、her. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲 Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。 152021/3/29三、单数可数名词或三、单数可数名词或this / that / this / that / the+the+单数可数名词单数可数名词 作主语时，是第三作主语时，是第三人称单数。人称单数。 A panda is a shy animal. 熊猫是害羞的动物。 This book is yellow. 这本书是黄色的。 That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。 The cat is black.

11、这只猫是黑色的。162021/3/29 3 3、实义动词第三人称单数的动词形式变化规则、实义动词第三人称单数的动词形式变化规则一般情况下直接加一般情况下直接加-s-swalkwalkwalkwalks s以以s. x. sh. ch. os. x. sh. ch. o尾尾 加加-es-eswatchwatchwatchwatchesesgogogogoeses“辅音字母辅音字母+y”+y”结尾结尾 变变y y为为i, i, 再加再加-es-es，flyflflyfliesies 特殊情况特殊情况havehas havehas dodoesdodoesgogoesgogoes172021/3/2

12、9当主语是第三人称单数时，动词需变化当主语是第三人称单数时，动词需变化.动词单三的变化：动词单三的变化：1、一般情况下，直接一般情况下，直接加加s，如：，如： reads, plays, works, makes2、以、以s, x, ch, sh结尾，后加结尾，后加es. 如：如： watches washes teaches3、以辅音字母加、以辅音字母加o结尾结尾,一般加一般加es ,如：如：does, goes4、“元音字母元音字母+y”结尾的单词，结尾的单词，直接在词尾加直接在词尾加-s。 如：如：plays, says5、辅音字母辅音字母+y结尾的单词结尾的单词, 去去y,加加ies,

13、 如：如：flies, studies6、不规则变化、不规则变化 如：如：have-has182021/3/29Exercise sit_ swim_ go _ _ do _ make _ run _ write_ see_ _ cry_ study _ watch_ wash_ say_ play _ have_ take_ swimsgoesdoesmakesrunswritescries_seesstudieswatcheswashessays_playshas_takessits192021/3/291) 1) 肯定句肯定句: :主语主语（I/We/You/TheyI/We/You/T

14、hey）+ +实义动词原形实义动词原形+ +其他其他 如：如：I I staystay at home on Saturdays. at home on Saturdays. They They havehave sports every day. sports every day.主语主语（He/She/ItHe/She/It）+ +实义动词单三形式实义动词单三形式+ +其他其他 如：如：He He stays stays at home on Saturdays.at home on Saturdays. Lucy Lucy has has sports every day.sports

15、every day.4 4、实义动词的一般现在时的基本句型、实义动词的一般现在时的基本句型202021/3/29 2) 否定句：否定句：主语主语（I/We/You/TheyI/We/You/They）+ + do+notdo+not+ +动词原形动词原形+ +其他其他 如：如：I dont stay at home on Saturdays.I dont stay at home on Saturdays. They dont have sports every day. They dont have sports every day.主语主语（He/She/ItHe/She/It）+ + d

16、oes+notdoes+not+ +动词原形动词原形+ +其他其他 如：如：He doesnt stay at home on Saturdays.He doesnt stay at home on Saturdays. Lucy doesnt have sports every day. Lucy doesnt have sports every day.212021/3/293) 3) 一般疑问句及其肯、否定回答：一般疑问句及其肯、否定回答：DoDo+ +主语主语（I/we/you/theyI/we/you/they）+ +动词原形动词原形+ +其他？其他？ 如：如：Do you stay

17、 at home on Saturdays?Do you stay at home on Saturdays? Yes,I do./No,I dont. Yes,I do./No,I dont. Do they have sports every day? Do they have sports every day? Yes, they do./No, they dont. Yes, they do./No, they dont.DoesDoes+ +主语主语（he/she/ithe/she/it）+ +动词原形动词原形+ +其他？其他？ 如：如：Does he stay at home on

18、 Saturdays?Does he stay at home on Saturdays? Yes,he does./No,he doesnt. Yes,he does./No,he doesnt. Does Lucy have sports every day? Does Lucy have sports every day? Yes,he does./No,he doesnt. Yes,he does./No,he doesnt.222021/3/294) 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句： 疑问词疑问词+ do/doesdo/does+主语主语+动词原形动词原形+其他？其他？如：如： What d

19、o you want? What does she want? What time do you have lunch? What time does she have lunch? What do you do? What does she do? How do you spell it? How does he spell it?特殊疑问句特殊疑问句: 疑问词疑问词+一般疑问句一般疑问句?直接回答，而不用直接回答，而不用yes 或或no.232021/3/295.5.一般现在时的句型变换一般现在时的句型变换1） I usually play football on Friday.改为一般疑

20、问句改为一般疑问句: Do you usually play football on Friday?对划线部分提问对划线部分提问: What do you usually do on Friday? 2） My father go to work by bike everyday.对划线部分提问对划线部分提问: How does your father go to work everyday?242021/3/29一般现在时一般现在时（否定句）（否定句） 在一般现在时中，句在一般现在时中，句中有中有bebe动词或情态动词动词或情态动词（cancan等）时，否定句在等）时，否定句在bebe动词和

21、情态动词后加动词和情态动词后加notnot。 例如例如252021/3/29一般现在时一般现在时（否定句）（否定句）1、I am a teacher.否：否：I am not a teacher.2、He is a student.否：否： He is not a student.3、You are a boy.否：否： You are not a boy.4、I can swim.否：否： I can not（cant) swim.262021/3/29变否定句变否定句I am a good boy.I am not a good boy.272021/3/29变否定句变否定句They ar

22、e students.They are not students.282021/3/29变否定句变否定句She can speak English.She can not speak English.292021/3/29一般现在时一般现在时（否定句）（否定句） 句中没有句中没有bebe动词或情态动动词或情态动词时，主语为词时，主语为第三人称单数第三人称单数的的否定句在动词前加否定句在动词前加does not does not (doesn(doesnt)t), ,非单三非单三时，否定时，否定句在动词前加句在动词前加do notdo not（dondont)t) 例如例如302021/3/29

23、一般现在时一般现在时（否定句）（否定句） 1 1、I to school by bus. I to school by bus. 否：否： I to school by bus. I to school by bus. 2 2、He He to school by bus. to school by bus. 否：否：He He to school by bus. to school by bus. gogodondont got gogoesgoesdoesndoesnt got go312021/3/29变否定句变否定句I study English every day.I dont st

24、udy English every morning.322021/3/29变否定句变否定句She speaks Chinese well.She doesnt speak Chinese well.332021/3/29一般现在时一般现在时（疑问句）（疑问句） 句中有句中有bebe动词或情态动词时，动词或情态动词时，bebe动词或情态动词动词或情态动词cancan提前，首字母提前，首字母变为变为大写大写；some some 变变anyany例如例如342021/3/29一般现在时一般现在时（一般疑问句）（一般疑问句） He He is is a student. You a student.

25、You areare a boy. a boy. Is Is he a student he a student？ Are Are youyou a boya boy？ I I cancan swim. They swim. They areare teachers. teachers. Can Can you swim you swim？ Are Are they teacherthey teacher？352021/3/29 Ben is my friend. Is Ben your friend？变一般疑问句变一般疑问句362021/3/29一般现在时一般现在时（疑问句）（疑问句） 句中

26、没有句中没有bebe动词或情态动词时，动词或情态动词时，主语为主语为非非第三人称单数，一般疑问句第三人称单数，一般疑问句在句首加在句首加dodo，句子中动词用，句子中动词用原形原形。主。主语为语为第三人称单数第三人称单数，一般疑问句在句，一般疑问句在句首加首加doesdoes，句子中原有动词用，句子中原有动词用原形原形；SomeSome变变any.any.例如例如372021/3/29一般现在时一般现在时（一般疑问句）（一般疑问句） 1 1、I to school by bus. I to school by bus. 疑问句：疑问句： you to school by bus. you to

27、 school by bus. 2 2、He He to school by bus. to school by bus. 疑问句：疑问句： he he to school by bus. to school by bus. DoesDoesgogogoesgoesgogogogoDoDo382021/3/29We go to school every day. Do you go to school every day?变一般疑问句变一般疑问句392021/3/29Nancy likes playing computer games. Does Nancy like playing comp

28、uter games?变一般疑问句变一般疑问句402021/3/29Ben wants some bread. Does Ben want any bread？变一般疑问句变一般疑问句412021/3/29特殊疑问句 地点地点：where 人人：who 物物：what 年龄年龄：how old价钱价钱：how much 数量数量：how many422021/3/29特殊疑问句有有bebe动词或情态动词动词或情态动词构成：构成：疑问词疑问词+be+be动动词或情态动词词或情态动词+ +主语主语+ +其它其它例如例如432021/3/29特殊疑问句She can play piano.What

29、can she play？He is ten. How old is he？He is at home. Where is he ？Its 3 dollars. How much is it?442021/3/29特殊疑问句没有没有bebe动词或情态动动词或情态动词构成：词构成：疑问词疑问词+do+do（doesdoes）+ +主语主语+ +动词动词原形原形+ +其它其它例如例如452021/3/29 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：疑问词疑问词+一般疑问句？一般疑问句？I like playing football.Jim eats some bread every morning.Lingling

30、 has lunch at home.What do you like?What does Jim eat every morning?Where does Linging have lunch？Do you like playing football?Does Jim eat any bread every morning?Does Lingling have lunch at home?462021/3/29 谓语动词是实义动词时谓语动词是实义动词时, 其一般其一般现在时的谓语动词形式有两种现在时的谓语动词形式有两种第三人称单数第三人称单数或或原形原形。其否定句和。其否定句和疑问句要疑问句

31、要借助借助于于does或或do来帮助构成。来帮助构成。6. 实义动词的一般现在时用法小结实义动词的一般现在时用法小结472021/3/29482021/3/29用括号内动词的适当形式填空用括号内动词的适当形式填空 n1. He usually _ (have) lunch at home.n2. David and Tom usually _ (play) football after school.n3. We usually _ (make) model ships.n4. Nick usually _ (watch) TV on Monday.hasplaymakewatches4920

32、21/3/29n5. What _they usually _ (do) on Saturdays? They usually _ (fly) kites.n6. _ your uncle_ (water) the flowers every day?n7. _ your parents_ (read) newspapers every day?n8. The girl usually _ (teach) us English on Sundays.dodoflyDoeswaterDoreadteaches502021/3/29n9. What _you usually _ (do) afte

33、r school? I usually _ (grow) flowers.n10. What _your mother usually _ (do) on Sundays? She usually _ (do) housework at home .n11. _ Mike _(have) any hobbies? Yes, he _ . He _ (like) _ (cook).n12. They_ (have) the same hobby.dodogrowdoesdodoesDoeshavelikeshavecookingdoes512021/3/29n13. My aunt _ (lik

34、e) _ (read) newspapers every evening .n14. What _Mike usually _ (do) on Sundays? He usually _ (help) Jane with her Maths .n15. What _Helen usually _ (do) on Sundays? She usually _ (clean) the desk .cleansdodoeshelpsdodoesreadinglikes522021/3/29n16. She _ (go) to school from Monday to Friday.n17. Liu

35、 Tao _ (do) not like PE. He cant _(run ) fast.n18. The children usually _ (watch) TV in the evening.goesdoesrunwatch532021/3/29n19. Su Hai and Su Yang _ (have) eight subjects this term.n20. What _ she usually _ (do) in the evening? She usually _ (study) English.studiesdoesdohave542021/3/29n21.The gi

36、rl is _ . She dances _ _ .(beautiful)n22. The student _ (use) a computer to _(write) music.n23. I_ ( like ) making clothes, but he_ (do not like ). He _ ( like ) playing football.beautifulbeautifullyuseswritelikedoes not likelikes552021/3/29n24.We usuallyn_( dance )and_( play )basketball after class.n25. Mikes_ ( hobby ) is _ draw ) pictures. drawinghobbyplaydance562021/3/29二、改写句子1I want to play table tennis with Gao Shan.n He _ to 2. I surf the Internet on Saturday evening.nMy father the 3. They study English , Maths Scienc