2022年被动语态复习学案及练习题

1、语法复习 -被动语态- 1 - 语法专题被动语态一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态与被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、 “受”、 “给”等词来表示被动意义。如： he opened the door.他打开了这扇门。 （主动语态）the door was opened.这扇门被打开了。 （被动语态）二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be

2、的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式与否定式的变化也如此。1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean 为例列表说明：2、被动语态的句式变化：以一般现在时与动词invite 为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化：三、主动语态转化为被动语态的三部曲: 1.主动结构宾语变为被动结构主语。2.谓语动词变为被动语态。3.主动结构主语变为介词by 的宾语 (主格改为宾格),组成介词短语,放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动词执行者无须说明或强调时， by 短语可以省略。四 . 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。the baby should be taken go

3、od care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。his mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为he was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当 “ 动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语 ” 结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette

4、. 可改为 the boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词have, make, get 以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 a stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“ 动词介词 ” ，“ 动词副词 ” 等，也可以用

5、于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。the meeting is to be put off till friday. 五. 五 . 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被动语态，分别是being done 与 to be done。例 i dont like being laughed at in the public. the meeting to be held tomorrow is about air pollution. 六、如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动

6、语态。1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by 短语 )。例 my bike was stolen last night. 2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例 i was given ten minutes to decide whether i should accept the offer. 3. 为了更好地安排句子。例 the well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了）【注意】七、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词如

7、break， catch，clean， drive，lock，open， sell，read， write，wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。this kind of cloth washes well. 注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较： the door wont lock （指门本身有毛病）the door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁门, 指“ 门没有锁 ” 是人的原因）2. 表示 “ 发生、进行 ” 的不及物动词与短语，如：happen, last, ta

8、ke place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意义。how do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。your reason sounds reasonable. 八、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词与不定式的主动形式表被动意义。1 在 ne

9、ed，want，require, bear 等词的后面， 动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。例 the house needs repairing（ to be repaired） 这房子需要修理。2 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例 the picture-book is well worth reading （ the picture-book is very worthy to be read ）3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式与名词之间有动宾关系时，又与句中另

10、一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式nancy designed the beautiful dress. 主语谓语宾语the beautiful dress was designed by nancy. 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -语法复习 -被动语态- 2 - 的主动形式表示被动含义。例 i have a lot of things

11、 to do this afternoon (to do 与 things 是动宾关系，与i 是主谓关系。) 试比较： i ll go to the post office. do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you 不是 post动作的执行者。) 4. 在某些 “ 形容词不定式” 做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice， easy，fit ，hard，difficult ，important，impossible，pleasant

12、，interesting等。例 this problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out 省略了 for me）. 5 在 too to 结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例 this book is too expensive (for me) to buy. 6. 在 there be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例 there is no time to lose （to be lost） （用to lose 可看成 for us to lo

13、se；用 to be lost，谁lost time 不明确。）7. 在 be to do 结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例 who is to blame for starting the fire? 九、 介词 in, on, under 等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。1. “under +名词 ” 结构，表示 “ 某事在进行中 ” 。 常见的有： under con

14、trol（受控制）, under treatment （在治疗中） , under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中） , under construction （在施工中） 。例 the building is under construction( is being constructed). 2 “beyond+ 名词 ” 结构，“ 出乎 胜过 、 范围、限度 ” 。 常见的有：beyond belief ( 令人难以置信 )， beyond ones reach（鞭长莫及） ，beyond ones control （无法控制），beyond ou

15、r hope 我们的成功始料不及。例 the rumour is beyond belief （ =cant be believed ） 3. “above+名词 ” 结构 , 表示 “( 品质、行为、能力等) 超过 、高于 ” 。例 his honest character is above all praise=his honest character cannot be praised enough4“for+ 名词 ” 结构，表示“ 适于 、 为着 ” 。如： for sale(出售 ), for rent （出租）等。例 that house is for sale. (= that

16、 house is to be sold). 5“in+ 名词 ” 结构，表示 “ 在 过程中或范围内” 常见的有： in print （在印刷中）， in sight(在视野范围内)，等。例 the book is not yet in print (=is not yet printed) 6“on+ 名词 ” 结构 , 表示 “ 在从事 中” 。常见的有： on sale(出售 )，on show（展出） , on trial （受审）。例 today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed). 7“out

17、 of+ 名词 ” 结构； 表示 “ 超出 之外 “ ，常见的有： out of control ( 控制不了 )，out of sight （超出视线之外） ，out of one s reach(够不着 ), out of fashion( 不流行 )等。例 the plane was out of control (cant be controlled) 。8“within+ 名词 ” 结构， “ 在 内、不超过 ” 。例 he took two days off within the teachers permission 十、十、被动语态与系表结构的区别当“be+ 过去分词 ” 作被

18、动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be 后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1如果强调动作或句中有介词by 引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。例 the glass is broken （系表结构）the glass was broken by the boy （被动语态）2如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。例 the door is locked （系表结构）the door hasalready/just been locked （被动语态）3被动语态除用于一般时态与完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态

19、，而系表结构中的系动词be 只有一般时态与完成时态。例 the machine is being repaired十一、被动语态与高考试题赏析1 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析1). in some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. (nmet1993) a. is serving b. is served c. serves d. served 解析b 因为 serve 是及物动词，其动作承受者tea 作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。2). this is teds phone. we miss him a lo

20、t. he _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.(nmet2002)a. killed b. is killed c. was killed d. was killing 解析c ted 是 kill 的承受者，用被动语态，且ted 救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。3). - have you moved into the new house? - not yet, the rooms _. (nmet1991) a. are being painted b. are painting c. are painted d. are b

21、eing painting 解析a “house”与“paint ”应该是被动的关系，排除b，d。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除c。4). when and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. （上海春2003）a. are not decided b. have not been decided c. is not being decided d. has not been decided 解析d decide 是及物动词，动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受

22、者，所以decide 要用被动语态。从题干的语境与关键词yet，可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成时的被动语态。5). the manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _.（上海春2001）a. was booked b. had been booked c. were booked d. have been booked 解析b 句中 tickets 是 book(订票 )的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票已被订出应发生在entered the offi

23、ce 这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。2高考对非谓语动词语态的考查当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时, 须用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。1). having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (nmet2002) a. to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. seen 解析b 根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式

24、，故排除掉c、 d 两项；又因remains 的逻辑主语it 是动词 see说表示动作的承受者，即“ 到国外旅行 ” 这件事， 这件事有待于“ 被决定 ” ，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。2). while shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. （上海 1996）a. to persuaded b. persuading c. being persuaded d. be persuaded 解析c cant help doing “禁不住做某事 ” ，排除 a 与 d

25、；顾客应是 “ 被劝说 ” 购物的，要用动名词的被动语态。3）. i feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. （上海 2002）a. is to blame b. is going to blame c. is to be blamed d. should blame 解析a feel 的宾语从句为强调句型，在 be to do 结构中，在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态，如 to blame，to let 等。精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 4 页

26、 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -语法复习 -被动语态- 3 - 被动语态专项练习一、选择题1._ a new library _ in our school last year? a. is; built b. was; built c. does; build d. did ; build 2. an accident _ on this road last week. a. has been happened b. was happened

27、c. is happened d. happened 3.cotton（棉花）_ in the southeast of china. a. is grown b. are grown c. grows d. grow 4.so far, the moon _ by man already. a. is visited b. will be visited c. has been visited d. was visited 5.a talk on chinese history _ in the school hall next week. a. is given b. has been g

28、iven c. will be given d. gives 6.how many trees _ this year? a. are planted b. will plant c. have planted d. planted 7.a lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. a. are doing b. are being done c. has been done d. will be done 8.-when _ this kind of computers_? -last year. a. did; use b

29、. was; used c. is; used d. are; used 9.the great wall _ all over the world. a. knows b. knew c. is known d. was known 10.who _ this book _? a. did; written b. was; written by c. did; written d. was; written 11.a story _ by granny yesterday. a. was told us b. was told to us c. is told us d. told us 1

30、2.the monkey was seen _ off the tree. a. jump b. jumps c. jumped d. to jump 13.the school bag _ behind the chair. a. puts b. can be put c. can be putted d. can put 14.older people _ well. a. looks after b. must be looked after c. must look after d. looked after 15.our teacher _ carefully. a. should

31、be listened to b. should be listen c. be listened d. is listened 16.great changes_in our province.many tall buildings_. a . have been taken place, have been set up b . have taken place, have been set up c . have been taken place, have been set up d . were taken place, were set up 17.the new hall is

32、the tallest building in this town._from here? a . can it seeb . can it be seenc . can it seend . can see 18.as soon as we got to the airport,we found that the plane_. a . had already taken offb . already took off c . was already taking offd . was already taken off 19. some of the hotels in my hometo

33、wn_. a . have now been rebuildingb . are now rebuilding c . are now being rebuiltd . are rebuilt now 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态与语态两个方面噢) 1.its said(据说 ) that the long bridge_ （build ）in two months 2.where to have the meeting _ （discuss）now3.which language _the most widely_ （ speak）in the world ？4.the

34、lost boy_ （ not find）so far5.last year a large number of trees_（ cut）down6. the students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 7. the old man is ill. he _ (must send) to the hospital. 8. vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop. 9. what _ knives _ (make) of ? they_(make) of

35、 metal( 金属 ) and wood. 10. can the magazine _ (take) out of the library? 三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。1.is tea grown in south china ？（改为主动语态）_ people _ tea in south china ？2.i am given a birthday present by my parents every year （同义句转换）a birthday present _ _ _ _by my parents every year 3.the work is going to be

36、 finished in two days. (对划线提问 ) how_ _ the work going to be finished ? 4. the children will sing an english song. ( 改为被动语态) an english song _ _ _ by the children. 5. you neednt do it now. ( 改为被动语态) it _ _ _ by you now. 6. people use metal for making machines. ( 改为被动语态 ) metal _ _ _making machines. 7

37、. he made me do that for him. ( 改为被动语态) i _ _ _ _ that for him. 【强化训练】1. if city noises _ from increasing ，people _ shout to be heard even at dinnera are not kept；will have to b are not kept；have c do not keep；will have to d do not keep；have to 2. the fifth generation computers, with artificial inte

38、lligence, are _and perfected now. a. developed b. have developed c. are being developed d. will have been developed 3. - _ the sports meet might be put off - yes，it all depends on the weathera ive been told b ive told c im told d i told 4. i will need one more stamp before my collection _. a. has co

39、mpleted b. completes c. has been completed d. is completed 5. rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. a. cut b. have cut c. are being cut d. had been cut 6. the new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. a. has been designed b. had been designed c. was designed d. would be designed 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -语法复习 -被动语态- 4 - 7. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it l