2021届高考英语二轮复习专题讲解第6讲定语从句学案

1、lesson 6定语从句问题层级图?不会做定语从句题目目标层级图能够完成定语从句解题 lv3 操作10 m课前诊断一. 单项选择1. opposite is st. pauls church, you can hear some lovely music. a. whichb. wherec. thatd. when2. those _ have six or more close friends are described as “very happy”.a. whob. whosec. what d. when3. the woods are remains of a huge fores

2、t _ once covered the whole area. a. whereb. whichc. whosed. when4. his father works in a company _ name always appears in the local newspapers.a. whenb. whichc. whosed. where5. prince william took a visit to the forbidden city on feb.28, _ emperorsonce lived.a. whichb. wherec. whosed. when6. he drov

3、e his new car at an amazing speed, _ resulted in a terrible accident.a. whob. thatc. whend. which7. the goal _ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.a. after whichb. with whichc. for whichd. at which8. we want to buy the same computers _ are being used in your office.a. whichb

4、. asc. that theyd. as they二. 关系词填空1. the exact year angela and her family spent together in china is 2008.2. im looking forwarding to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.3. a company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.课中讲解一. 识别定语

5、和定语从句 lv31. 定语和定语从句的含义修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。当定语用一个从句去充当时这个句子就是定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。【精讲精练】请用横线画出以下句子中的定语部分1. guilin is a beautiful city.2. there are thirty women teachers in our school.3. the man who is talking with my teacher is my uncle.2. 定语从句的分类定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。在形式上最明显的区分就是限定

6、性定语从句没有逗号，而非限定性定语从句有逗号，除此之外还有其他区别，参照以下表格：限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句符号无逗号有逗号句意严格限定补充说明关系词9个7个（不包括that和why）先行词名词或代词名词、代词或一整句话，翻译为“这”5 m【小试牛刀】1. 请画出以下句子中的定语成分：（1）china is a developing country; america is a developed country. （2）his rapid progress in english made us surprised.（3）our monitor is always the first to

7、enter the classroom.（4）the teaching plan for next term has been worked out. （5）he is reading an article about how to learn english. （6）i like the cakes that mum bought yesterday.2. 请判断定语从句的类型。（1）we saw an old man who was writing chinese characters on the ground with a big writing brush.（2）last week,

8、 our school organized a traditional culture festival，which was an unforgettable experience. 二. 掌握定语从句关系词用法 lv31. who关系代词，在定语从句中指代人，在从句中做主语或宾语（表语），引导定语从句，例：a. the man is my uncle.b. the man is talking with my teacher.合并为一个定语从句：用第二句话来修饰第一句the man who is talking with my teacher is my uncle.who的三个作用：（1）

9、 指代the man,指代人。（2） 在从句中充当主语。（3） 引导整个从句。【精讲精练】1. 把下列两个句子合并成一句话:用第二句话来修饰第一句athose can be regarded as your friends.byou can turn to those when you have trouble. 2. the editor got an e-mail from a reader, _ asked him how to submit articles to the magazine.a. when b. whoc. whose d. where2. whom关系代词，在定语从句

10、中指代人，可在从句中做宾语，引导定语从句，例：a. the girl is appointed as chairman.b. i know the girl.合并为一个定语从句：用第二句话来修饰第一句the girl whom i know is appointed as chairman.whom的三个作用：（1）指代the girl，指代人。（2）在从句中充当宾语。（3）引导整个从句。【精讲精练】1. 把下列两个句子合并成一句话:用第二句话来修饰第一句a. the writer is famous.b. i mentioned the writer. 2. i like to work w

11、ith people i get along well with.a. when b. whomc. whose d. where3. which关系代词，在定语从句中指代物，在从句中做主语或宾语（表语），引导定语从句，例：a. i heard a terrible noise.b. the noise brought my heart into my mouth.合并为一个定语从句：用第二句话来修饰第一句i heard a terrible noise which brought my heart into my mouth.which的三个作用：（1） 指代the noise，指代物。（2

12、） 在从句中充当主语。（3） 引导整个从句。【精讲精练】1. 把下列两个句子合并成一句话：用第二句话来修饰第一句a. teaching is a difficult job. b. the job requires great skill and patience. 2. we went camping last saturday. unfortunately, the day, _ began brightly, ended with a violent storm.a. when b. wherec. which d. that4. that关系代词，在定语从句中指代人或物，在从句中做主语

13、或宾语（表语），引导定语从句，例：a. the woods are remains of a huge forest.b. the forest once covered the whole area.合并为一个定语从句：用第二句话来修饰第一句the woods are remains of a huge forest that once covered the whole area.that的三个作用：（1）指代forest，指代物。（2）在从句中充当主语。（3）引导整个从句。【精讲精练】1. 把下列两个句子合并成一句话:用第二句话来修饰第一句a. beijing is a city.b.

14、beijing makes a lasting impression on its visitors. 2. many firefighters _ tried to rescue the people in the building were injured in the fire.a. where b. whichc. what d. that5. whose关系代词，在定语从句中指代“人的”或“物的”，相当于一个形容词性物主代词，在从句中做定语修饰后面的名词，并且引导定语从句，例：a. her parents would not let her marry tom.b. toms fam

15、ily was poor.合并为一个定语从句：用第二句话来修饰第一句her parents would not let her marry tom whose family was poor.whose的三个作用：（1）指代toms，指代人的。（2）在从句中充当定语。（3）引导整个从句。【精讲精练】1. 把下列两个句子合并成一句话：用第二句话来修饰第一句a. molly is an impressive photographer. b. mollys pictures have appeared in many magazines. 2. a student _ friends are goo

16、d at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades.a. who b. thatc. whose d. whom6. where关系副词，在定语从句中指代地点，在从句中做地点状语，引导定语从句，例：a. after living in pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town.b. he grew up as a child in the town.合并为一个定语从句：用第二句话来修饰第一句after living in pairs for fifty ye

17、ars he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.where的三个作用：（1）指代in the town，表示动作的发生地点。（2）在从句中充当地点状语。（3）引导整个从句。注意：where的抽象化用法当先行词为case, situation, scene, job, point, activity, family, atmosphere等抽象时间概念的名词时，可选用关系副词where。 when i couldnt avoid meeting him, i faced an embarrassing situation

18、 where i could only keep silent. our class has a good atmosphere where everyone can learn a lot from others. dancing is an activity where hearing matters more than seeing.【精讲精练】1. 把下列两个句子合并成一句话:用第二句话来修饰第一句a. our country should set up more national parks.b. animals can live freely in national parks.

19、2. paris has some great museum _ visitors can see fine works of impressionist painters.a. where b. whichc. that d. when7. when在定语从句中指代时间，在从句中做时间状语，引导定语从句，例：a. i will never forget the day.b. i met you on the day.合并为一个定语从句：用第二句话来修饰第一句i will never forget the day when i met.when的三个作用：（1）指代on the day，表示动

20、作的发生时间。（2）在从句中充当时间状语。（3）引导整个从句。注意：when的抽象化用法当先行词为occasion, interval, point等抽象时间概念的名词时，可选用关系副词when。 sam remembered several occasions in the past when he had experienced a similar feeling. we've been told that there will be an interval, when people can go to the restroom or buy some snacks. the do

21、ctor said that the treatment would continue until the patient reached the point when he could walk correctly and safely.【精讲精练】1. 把下列两个句子合并成一句话:用第二句话来修饰第一句a. the glorious moment would live in my mind.b. our football team won the championship at the moment. 2. we've been told that there will be an

22、 interval, _ people can go to the restroom or buy some snacksawhen bwhere cthat d. which8. why 在定语从句中指代原因，在从句中做原因状语，引导定语从句，例：a. this is the reason.b. i was late for the reason.合并为一个定语从句：用第二句话来修饰第一句this is the reason why i was late.when的三个作用：（1）指代for the reason，表示动作的发生的原因。（2）在从句中充当原因状语。（3）引导整个从句。【精讲精

23、练】1. 把下列两个句子合并成一句话:用第二句话来修饰第一句a. i dont believe the reason.b. you made a big mistake for the reason. 2. i cant imagine the reason _ you refused me to help you.a. what b. why c. which d. as【知识拓展】1. as与which的用法相似，在定语从句中指代物，在从句中做主语或宾语（表语），引导定语从句，与which的区别主要有以下几点：（1）as常用于被动句，而which常用于主动句。（2）as往往有些固定的意思，

24、会翻译为：“正如”等，而which仅仅指代先行词，不翻译。（3）as主要是放在一些固定结构中来使用，比如：such + n +as，the same + n + as，+such as。（4）as引导的非限定性定语从句可以放在主句前面也可以放在后面。例句：(a). we want to buy the same computers as are being used in your office.(b). we have found such materials as are used in their factory.(c). this book is not the such as i e

25、xpect .(d). as we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health.(e). the air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.2. 介词+关系代词（whom/which）在引导定语从句时可以用“介词+关系代词（whom/which）”来代替关系副词，但并不是所有这种结构都可以用关系副词来代替。例：we visited the town where he lived. = we visited

26、 the town in which he lived.the girl with whom you work is his girlfriend. （本句中的with which不能用关系副词代替）在“介词+关系代词”这种结构中，先行词是人关系代词就选whom，先行词是物关系代词就选which，介词如何选择呢？（1）根据从句的动词、形容词或名词与介词形成的固定搭配来选择：he is the man on whom i think you can depend. （动词和介词的固定搭配）he recommended me to some reference books with which i

27、 am not very familiar. （形容词和介词的固定搭配）i am sending you an inquiry, to which your prompt attention is highly appreciated. （名词和介词的固定搭配）（2）根据介词和先行词的固定搭配来选择：i will never forget the day on which i met you at the first time.（on the day）i will never forget the place at which i met you at the first time.（at t

28、he place）（3）表示所属关系或部分与整体的关系时用介词of：we shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of whom are healthy.the total area is 13000 acres, of which 10000 acres are irrigated fields.【关系词辨析】1. who & whom he invites many people to his wedding, most of whom are his friends and relatives.he is the

29、 boy who played with me yesterday.he is the boy who/whom i played with yesterdayhe is the boy with whom i played yesterday.who 和whom 用法共同点：当从句缺少宾语且先行词为人时可以通用。who 和whom 用法不同点：whom 不可以单独做主语；当关系词前有介词时，只能用whom。2. that & whichi mean the one you that talked about just nowwhat about the school and teac

30、hers that you visited last month?this is the last story that i want to hear.it is the best machine that works against the air pollution.she has kept the very book that he has been looking for since three years ago.tom will guide you to the hotel in which you are going to stay for two days.he set fre

31、e the birds happily, which was a celebration for his success.（1）that 和which 用法共同点：当从句缺少主宾表且先行词为物时可以通用。（2）that 和which 用法不同点：只能用that不能用which：(a) 先行词为不定代词all, much, little, something, none(b).先行词被all, no, any, few ,little 修饰(c) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰(d) 先行词被序数词修饰或为序数词(e) 先行词被the very，the only, the last修饰(f) 现行词为

32、the way/time（次）(g) 先行词既有人，又有物(h) 主句由who，which引导提问(i) 当先行词在主句中做表语，引导词也做表语只能用which不能用that：(a) 关系代词前有介词(b) 非限制性定语从句（关系词前有逗号）5 m【小试牛刀】1. easter is a happy holiday _ children enjoy hunting for easter eggs.a. whichb. wherec. whatd. when2. mr. smith, _ has a lot of teaching experience, will come to teach u

33、s english in the new term. a. whichb. whosec. thatd. who3. paris has some great museums _ visitors can see fine works of impressionist painters.a. whereb. whichc. thatd. when4. theater fans love new york, _ offers a variety of broadway plays.a. which b. wherec. that d. who5. she has been dreaming a

34、future _ she can spend more time growing flowers.a. that b. whenc. where d. which6. ebay, amazon and wal-mart are popular websites _ people can sell goods toeach other.a. where b. whichc. when d. whose三. 掌握定语从句做题方法 lv41. 掌握如何划分主从句从关系词开始，到第二个谓语动词（能够体现时态的动词）结束就是从句部分，剩余部分为主句。【精讲精练】请画出以下句子中的从句部分。1. the

35、house where i lived ten years ago was pulled down.2. a person whose e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.3. li ming is just the boy who i want to see.2. 掌握如何判断句子完整性根据动词的及物性和五大句型基本知识来判断：在简单句五大句型的基础上，去除定语、状语等修饰性成分，能够符合任意一种句型结构（不缺少名词性成分：主语、宾语、表语）的即可称之为“完整”，反之，则不完整。注意：在判断定语

36、从句是否完整时不要把关系词算在其中。【精讲精练】请判断从句部分是否完整。1. his movie won several awards at the film festival, which was beyond his wildest dream.2. they will fly to washington, where they plan to stay for two or three days.3. 正确补充定语从句关系词定语从句做题三部曲：step1. 画出定语从句step2. 判断定语从句的完整性不完整可选：who、whom、which、that完整可选：whose、when、wh

37、ere、why step3. 根据先行词确定最终答案【精讲精练】1. the book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.2. mo yan was awarded the nobel prize for literature in 2012, _ made one of the chinese people's longheld dreams come true.5 m【小试牛刀】1. the football player passed the ball t

38、o one of his teammates, _ kicked the ball into the net.a. thatb. whichc. whosed. who2. finding a time _ suits everyone is going to be difficult. a. thatb. whenc. whatd. where3. the old temple _ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. a. whereb. whichc. itsd. whose4. i'm starting my spri

39、ng festival vacation on boracay island, _ i can enjoy fresh and clean air from the sea and the amazing powder sand. a. thatb. whichc. whered. when5. mr. sawyer started his career at stanford university, _ he became professor of physics in 2002.a. which b. wherec. when d. that6. the story took place

40、in europe in the days _ everyone used horsesa. which b. where c. when d. as7. reading books, _ takes the reader to other worlds, is a wonderful way to enjoy life.a. that b. what c. whered. which课后练习5 m补救练习单项选择1. yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago.a. that b. what c. as d. which2. su

41、ccess often goes to those people _ work hard.a. whenb. whichc. whered. who3. they reached the top of the mountain_ they could see the highwaywandering before them.a. which b. whyc. whose d. where4. they would remember the time _ they spent a hard time together.a. whichb. whenc. thatd. where5. the ol

42、d bank _ appearance is ugly, while it is beautiful inside.a. whichb. thatc. whered. whose10 m巩固练习1. the boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees can enjoy their work.2. as the youngest child of his family, alex is always longing for the time _ he should be able to b

43、e independent.3. the book on the desk, _ covers are shiny, is prize for me.4. we will reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the month.5. students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth.6. please send us all the information _

44、you have about the candidates for the position.7. until now, we have raised 50000 pounds for the poor children, _ is quite unexpected.8. when i arrived, tom took me to see the house _ i would be staying.9. happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their strengths.10. finall

45、y he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world.15 m拔高练习1. 每天喝超过两杯咖啡的妇女比其他人有更大的得心脏疾病的机会。_2. 有六个以上亲密朋友的这类人被描述为“非常开心”。_3. 我收到了第一个报道关于我学校生活的任务。_4. 这些清洁工人每天辛苦的工作, 这让我们的街道一直保持整洁。_5. 我让他给你带去你以前要的中国画。 _6. 很抱歉我没有立刻回复一周前你寄给我的电子邮件。_7. 那些做那些最不起眼工作的人应该得到和工程师或教师一样的尊重。_8. 我们最终到达终点线, 那

46、里很多人都已经结束了自己的长跑。_9. 我们很快到达了颐和园, 在那里欣赏着美丽的风光。_10.我想找到一个可以和我谈书和音乐的人。_lesson 6 定语从句课前检测 （10mins）一、单项选择1.【答案】b【解析】考查定语从句中关系副词where的用法，从句中不缺少名词性成分，先行词为church，在从句中充当地点状语，故选b。2.【答案】a【解析】考查定语从句中关系代词who的用法，从句中缺少主语，先行词为those，根据定语从句意思可知指代人，故选a。3.【答案】b【解析】考查定语从句中关系代词which的用法，从句中缺少主语，先行词为forest，指代物，故选b。4.【答案】c【解

47、析】考查定语从句中关系代词whose的用法，从句中不缺少名词性成分，先行词为company，和name之间存在所属关系，故选c。5.【答案】b【解析】考查定语从句中关系副词where的用法，从句中live为不及物动词，所以从句中不缺少名词性成分，通过定语从句含义可知定语从句修饰的是forbidden city，紫禁城为地点，在从句中做地点状语，故选b。6.【答案】d【解析】考查非限定性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，并且指代的是前面一整件事，故选d。7.【答案】c【解析】考查介词+which，介词如何选择的问题，可以通过把先行词带入从句，把定语从句写完整的方式来选择，还原回去为“he had fou

48、ght for the goal all his life”,可知fight要和for进行搭配，故选c。8.【答案】b【解析】考查as的固定用法，the same + n + as表示和一样。要注意as也是定语从句中的关系词，但一般只在固定用法中出现，如the same + n+ as, such + n + as,such as等，故选b。二、关系词填空1.【答案】which/that【解析】考查定语从句中关系代词which/that的用法，从句中spent后缺少宾语，先行词为year，指代物，故填which/that。2.【答案】when【解析】考查定语从句中关系词when的用法，从句中不

49、缺少名词性成分，先行词为day，在从句中充当时间状语，故填when。3.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句中关系词whose的用法，从句中不缺少名词性成分，先行词为company，和profit之间存在所属关系，故填whose。课中讲解一、识别定语和定语从句lv31. 定语和定语从句的含义【精讲精练】1 【答案】beautiful【解析】beautiful修饰名词city2 【答案】thirty women【解析】thirty women修饰名词teachers3 【答案】who is talking with my teacher【解析】who is talking with my te

50、acher 修饰名词the man2. 定语从句的分类【过关检测】（5mins）1. （1）【答案】china is a developing country; america is a developed country.（2）【答案】his rapid progress in english made us surprised.（3）【答案】our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（4）【答案】the teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（5）【答案】he is reading an article about how to learn english.（6）【答案】i like the cakes that mum bought yesterday.2. 请判断定语从句的类型