高中政治 第1课 生活在人民当家作主的国家 第2框 政治权利与义务参与政治生活的基础课件 新人教版必修2 (2018)

1、Section Lesson 3Natural Disasters一二三四一、词义匹配AB()1.granda.a sudden event that causes many people to suffer()2.armb.impressive and large or important()3.meansc.to provide weapons for yourself/sb.in order to fight a battle or a war()4.catastrophed.to slide a short distance by accident so that you fall o

2、r nearly fall()5.slipe.to leave a person or place very quickly,especially because you are afraid of possible danger()6.fleef.an action,an object or a system by which a result is achieved;a way of achieving or doing sth.答案:1.b2.c3.f4.a5.d6.e一二三四二、猜词拼写1. a fine powder that consists of very small piece

3、s of sand,earth,etc. 2. to turn over and over and move in a particular direction;to make a round object do this 3. a violent tropical storm with very strong winds 4. the total amount of rain that falls in a particular area in a particular amount of time 5. happening or existing in the sea,not far fr

4、om the land 6. the possibility of sth.happening or being developed or used 7. to make a long,loud cry dust roll typhoon rainfall offshore potential howl 一二三四8. used for building walls,houses and other buildings;an individual block of this brick 一二三四三、词汇拓展1.changeable的动词 vt.改变 2.irrigation的动词 vt.灌溉 3

5、.rough的副词 adv.艰难地 4.separation的动词 vt.使分开 5.construct的名词 n.建造 6.mountainous的名词 n.山 change irrigate roughly separate construction mountain 一二三四四、单句填空1.A new bridge (build) over the river will be open next year. 2.The topic (discuss) tomorrow is about how to protect the environment. 3.Im sorry,but my c

6、omputer (repair) at the present. 4.The novel (translate) into many kinds of languages so far. 5.The thief went into the forest to avoid (catch) by the villagers. being built to be discussed is being repaired has been translated being caught 1234561.The last few years have seen environmental disaster

7、s on a grand scale,and experts are predicting far worse to come.(Page 10)最近的几年发生了大规模的环境灾难,专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将发生。考点句中the last few years作主语,是一种拟人的修辞手法,使行文生动活泼。The last three months have seen your rapid progress in learning English.你在最近三个月的英语学习中进步迅速。The next few years saw a series of bad harvests.接下来的几年里粮食连

8、年歉收。A cold winter morning found an old man lying in the street.一个寒冷的冬天的早晨,一个老人躺在街上。归纳总结常用于这种用法的动词有see,witness,find等。1234561234561234561234562.Storms have been getting worse everywhere too,with a growing number of hurricanes hitting the US,and Central America.(Page 10)暴风雨在各地愈发肆虐,越来越多的飓风袭击美国和中美洲。The p

9、opulation of the world is growing at the disturbing rate of 10,000 people an hour,nearly 90 million a year,with most of the growth in the developing world.(Page 10)全世界人口正在以每小时10,000人的令人不安的速度增长,每年接近9000万人,而大多数新增长的人口来自发展中国家。123456考点以上两个句子中,都运用了with的复合结构,在第一个句子中,动词-ing短语作宾语补足语;在第二个句子中,介词短语作宾语补足语。With t

10、he boy leading the way,we found his house easily.由这个男孩带路,我们很容易就找到了他的家。The teacher came in with a book in his hand.这位老师手里拿着一本书进来了。123456考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出黑体部分的结构With all the work finished,the young man decided to go on a holiday.结构 with+宾语+done With so many emails to answer,the girl was upset.结构 with+宾语+

11、to do The young man liked going to sleep with all the windows open.结构 with+宾语+形容词123456常见的with的复合结构:with+宾语+doing with+宾语+介词短语with+宾语+done with+宾语+to dowith+宾语+形容词123456(3)他去世的时候,女儿还是个学生。He died . (4)他离开了房间,灯还开着。He left the room . (5)随着时间的流逝,他们都长成小伙子和大姑娘了。 ,they have grown into big boys and big girl

12、s. 123456(6)他把外套搭在胳膊上走下楼来。He came downstairs . 单句填空(7) two exams to worry about,I have to work really hard this weekend. (8)With prices (go)up so fast,we cant afford luxuries. (9)I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes (fix)on the ceiling. (10)With so many books (choose) from,he eventually f

13、ound what he had been dreaming of. (11)With much homework(do),all the students will have to stay in their classroom for another 45 minutes. 123456单句改错(12)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog followed them.(13)The street was quiet with no buses were running.(14

14、)In came a man with his hand being tied back.(15)With the car broken down halfway on the road,we had great difficulty walking home in the snow.答案:(1)With her money lost(2)With your help(3)with his daughter a student(4)with the light on(5)With time passing(6)with his coat over his arm (7)With(8)going

15、(9)fixed(10)to choose(11)to do(12)followedfollowing(13)去掉were(14)去掉being(15)brokenbreaking1234563.A number of nations have already been in armed conflict over water,and reduced rainfall in the west of the US has resulted in huge forest fires.(Page 10)已经有几个国家因为水的问题而动武,而美国西部由于降水减少导致了森林大火。考点result in 导

16、致【高考典句】(2017全国高考)But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills.但是我们都不得不接受的是,当我们变老时,我们的反应变得迟钝,这经常会导致人们避免一些潜在的有挑战性的驾驶条件,失去对驾驶技术的自信。123456His c

17、arelessness resulted in the terrible accident.他的粗心导致了这场可怕的事故。考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的意义Could you tell me what the accident resulted from?词组 result from 意义 起因于 He was often late for work.As a result,he was fired.词组 as a result意义 结果 The sports meeting has been put off as a result of the heavy rain.词组 as a

18、result of意义 因为 123456(1)result from起因于as a result结果as a result of因为(2)“导致,引起”的其他表达:bring about/lead to/contribute to/cause1234561234564.People in agricultural areas,without any means to earn their living,move to the cities,and then construct shabby homes from whatever materials they can find on poor

19、 clay soil.(Page 10)农业地区的人们因为没有办法谋生而流向城市,他们在贫瘠的黏土上用可以找到的任何材料搭建起破烂的房子。考点一means n.方法;手段【高考典句】(2017江苏高考)But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will,perhaps,be able to find other means of adapting.但是他提供了几年时间,在这个时间里,农民们或许会找到别的适应方式。The aim of the designer is to create solutions to proble

20、ms through the most efficient means.设计者的目的就是通过最有效的方法来解决这些问题。123456考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的意义By no means can teaching in school be separated from practice.词组 by no means意义 绝不 The load was lifted by means of a crane.词组 by means of意义 通过 Could I use you new computer?By all means.Go ahead.词组 by all means 意义 完

21、全可以 123456by no means绝不by means of通过by all means完全可以123456词义辨析means/method/approach/waymeans指实现目的的任何手段,或使用某种交通工具。常用搭配:by means of用/以方法method有条理的、系统的方法。常用搭配:with this method用这种方法approach指待人接物或思考问题的方式、方法、态度。常用搭配:the approach to (doing) sth.做的方法way使用范围较广,但多用在具体的事情或口语中。常用搭配:in this/that way用这种/那种方法;1234

22、56(4) I must visit my sick friend. 用所给单词的适当形式填空(5)All possible means (have) been tried but in vain. (6)Every possible means (have) been tried but in vain. 答案:(1)By no means(2)by means of(3)by means of(4)By all means(5)have(6)has123456考点二construct vt.建造It needs to be constructed from materials that w

23、ill stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user.它需要用能耐住这个灯发出的热和使用者定期调整的材料建造。The young man is learning how to construct bridges.这个年轻人正在学习怎样建造桥梁。考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出黑体部分的词性、词组和意义(2017江苏高考)Located where the Belt meets the Road,Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.

24、词性 名词意义 建设It is said that a new bridge is under construction.词组 under construction 意义 在建造中 123456construction n.建造;建设under construction在建设中1234561234565.In May 2006,thousands of Indonesians living near Mt Merapi (which means mountain of fire) had to flee as they thought it was about to erupt.(Page 1

25、1)2006年5月,住在默拉皮山(意思是“火之山”)附近的成千上万的印度尼西亚人不得不逃离家园,因为他们认为火山要喷发了。考点flee vi.逃跑Ten years ago,they were forced to flee the city.十年前,他们被迫逃离这个城市。When the flood arrived,the villagers fled to higher places.洪水暴发时,村民逃到了较高的地方。1234565612346.Grammar被动语态1.被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:(1

26、)一般现在时:am/is/are+done(过去分词)Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.要求参观者不能触摸展览品。(2)现在完成时:has/have been doneAll the preparations for the task have been completed,and were ready to start.这项工作的所有准备工作已经完成,我们准备开始。561234(3)现在进行时:am/is/are being doneA new cinema is being built here.这儿正在修建一座新的电影院。(

27、4)一般过去时:was/were doneI was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.我被给予十分钟来决定是否应该拒绝这项提议。(5)过去完成时:had been doneBy the end of last year,another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.到去年为止,在北京已经建成另一个新体育馆。(6)过去进行时:was/were being doneA meeting was being held when I was there.当

28、我到那儿时,会议正在进行中。561234 (7)一般将来时:shall/will be done/be going to be done/be about to be done/be to be doneHundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.如果工厂关闭,将会失去成百上千份工作。(8)过去将来时:should/would be done;was/were going to be done;was/were about to be done;was/were to be doneThe news would be sent to

29、the soldiers mother as soon as possible.消息应尽快传到这名士兵的母亲那里。5612342.被动语态的特殊结构形式(1)非谓语动词的被动语态(此部分是本单元的语法重点)不定式的被动语态:由“to be+过去分词”构成。如:He needs to be taken care of.他需要人照顾。Not a sound was to be heard.听不到一点声音。温馨提示有时用不定式的完成被动式(to have been+过去分词):I would like to have been told the result earlier.我本想让人把结果早点告诉

30、我。561234v.-ing的被动语态:由“being+过去分词”构成。The building being repaired is our library.正在维修的那座楼是我们的图书馆。Having been invited to speak,Ill start making preparations tomorrow.因为邀请我去讲话,我明天就得做准备。He objected to being treated as a child.他反对被当成孩子看待。过去分词没有被动式过去分词本身可以表示被动意义,但它没有相应的被动语态形式。The door remained locked.门仍然锁着

31、。561234(2)情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。The baby should be taken good care of by the babysitter.孩子应该由保姆照看好。(3)使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补足语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时要加to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.其被动结构:A stranger was seen to walk into the buil

32、ding.有人看见一个陌生人走进了大楼。(4)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。The meeting is to be put off till Friday.会议将推迟到星期五。561234(5)“It is said that+从句”及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词,如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。

33、如:It is said that. “据说”;It is reported that.“据报道”;It is believed that.“大家相信”;It is hoped that.“大家希望”;It is well known that.“众所周知”;It is thought that.“大家认为”;It is suggested that.“据建议”。It is said that the boy has passed the exam.(=The boy is said to have passed the exam.)据说男孩已通过了考试。561234联想拓展谓语动词的主动形式

34、表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词,如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。This kind of cloth washes well.这种布料很好洗。温馨提示主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较:The door wont lock.(指门本身有毛病)The door wont be locked.(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因)5612342.表示“发生、进行”等的不及物动词和短语,

35、如:happen,take place,break out,come out,come about,come true,run out,give out,turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何发行的呢?3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,look,smell等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来很有道理。5612344.非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义(1)在need,want,requ

36、ire,bear等词的后面,动词-ing形式用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing (to be repaired).这栋房子需要修理。(2)形容词worth后面跟动词-ing的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。The picture book is well worth reading.这本画册很值得一读。(=The picture book is worthy to be read.)561234(3)动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一

37、名词或代词构成主谓关系,常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.(to do与things之间是动宾关系,与I之间是主谓关系。)试比较:Ill go to the post office.Do you have a letter to be posted? (此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post这个动作的执行者。)561234(4)在某些“形容词+不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fi

38、t,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。This problem is difficult to work out.(可看作to work out前省略了for me)这个问题很难解决。(5)在too. to.结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.这本书太贵,我买不起。561234(6)在there be.句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动形式作定语,重点在人;用被动形式作定语,重点在物。T

39、here is no time to lose/to be lost.(用 to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost,则没有明确表明逻辑主语。)没有时间可浪费。5.“介词in,on,under等+名词”构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被动之义,其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式的意义,名词前一般不用冠词。(1)“under+名词”结构,表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有:under control(受控制);under treatment(在治疗中);under repair(在修理中);under discussion(在讨论中);

40、under construction(在施工中)。561234(2)“beyond+名词”结构,表示“超出范围、限度”。常见的有:beyond belief (令人难以置信);beyond ones reach(够不着);beyond ones control(无法控制)。(3)“above+名词”结构,表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过、高于”。(4)“in+名词”结构,表示“在过程中或范围内”常见的有:in print(在印刷中),in sight(在视野范围内)等。(5)“on+名词”结构,表示“在从事中”。常见的有:on sale(出售);on show(展出);on trial(受审

41、)。(6)“out of+名词”结构,表示 “超出之外”,常见的有:out of control (控制不了);out of sight (超出视线之外);out of ones reach(够不着);out of fashion(不流行)等。(7)“within+名词”结构,“在内、不超过”。561234(2)This is Teds photo.We miss him a lot.He (kill) trying to save a child in an earthquake. (3)Have you moved into the new house?Not yet,the rooms

42、(paint). (4)When and where to go for the on-salary holiday (not decide) yet. (5) (tell) many times,he finallyunderstood it. (6)The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle(hear). 561234(7)Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier(reuse). (8)(protect) by

43、 a wall,he felt quite safe. (9)Many buildings in the city need repairing,but the one (repair) first is the library. (10)His first book (publish) next month is based on a true story. 561234单句改错(11)Clothes of that type were sold well.(12)These old buildings want rebuilt.(13)Sitting there with tears in

44、 his eyes,he seems to have told everything.(14)No one is fond of being laughed.(15)The unemployment rate in this district has been fallen from 6% to 5% in the past two years.答案:(1)is served(2)was killed(3)are being painted(4)has not been decided(5)Having been told(6)to be heard(7)to be reused(8)Bein

45、g protected(9)to be repaired(10)to be published(11)去掉were(12)rebuiltrebuilding(13)have后加been(14)laughed后加at(15)去掉been一二三四一、写作词汇检测用所学的单词或短语完成或翻译下列句子。1.建造(1)A new school will be near this village. (2)这座正在建造的大楼是给村民的。 答案:(1)constructed(2)The building under construction/being constructed is for the villagers.2.flee(1)When the war broke out,many citizens to another city. (2)这只熊从森林里逃走了。答案:(1)fled(2)This bear fled the forest.一二三四3.arm(1) with some spears(矛;长枪),the boys went into the forest. (2)你们应该用知识来武装大脑。答案:(1)Armed(2)You should arm your mind with some knowledge.运用所学单词或短语造句。4.rough答案:At