中英饮食文化差异(中英双语)

1、Cultural differe nces betwee n Chi nese and Western food中西方饮食文化的差异The ancients say: In the development of human society, the national diet also gradually formed its own unique culture. Different regions, different eating habits in different diet contributed to the different diet culture. The differe

2、nces between Chinese culture and western diet culture created the differenee, the differenee between different from the way of thinking and philosophy. "Nature and humanity" to the Chinese and western "people-oriented". From the following five aspects are here to talk about the w

3、estern diet culture differe nces.古人云：民以食为天。在人类社会的发展中，各国的饮食也逐渐形 成了自己独特的文化。不同的地区有着不同的饮食习惯，不同的饮食习惯造就了不同的饮食文化。中西文化之间的差异造就了中西饮食文 化的差异，而这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。中国人注重天人合一 ”，西方人注重 以人为本”。这里简要从下面五个方 面谈谈中西方饮食文化的差异。A, Chi nese and western culture中 西饮食文化 the Chi nese diet culture中 国的饮食文化China has a history of more

4、 tha n 5000 years, formed the canBad rich and profound Chinese culture. Chinese noteHeavy "unity". The Chinese diet with food, with things. IdeographicFeeling. The Chinese diet culture surprising, rewardHeart pleasing to the eye. This is pleasing to the eye, refers to the activities of the

5、 Chinese dietThe content and means to perfect and unified, caused by peopleThe aesthetic pleasure and mental enjoyment. 中国有着五千多年的历史，形成了灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化。 中国人注重 “天人合一 ”。中国饮食以食表意，以物传情。中国的饮食 文化令人拍案叫绝，赏心悦目。这种悦目，是指中国饮食活动形成与 内容的完美统一，是指给人们所带来的审美愉悦和精神享受。China's traditional diet has four features: 中国的传统饮食有四

6、大特点：1 heavy food: the ancients had "saying"Said. Meet often ask "ate no", the diet cultureStatus. To have friends clutch, and people are usedOn the table and welcome the farewell party express mood. emotional The storm, people often borrow tables. This is the drink Feed on social

7、 psychological activity adjustment function. 1重食：古人就有 “民以食为天 ”之说。见面常问 “吃了没有 ”，可见 饮食文化的地位。朋友离合，送往迎来，人们都习惯在饭桌上表达惜 别和欢迎的心情。感情上的风波，人们也往往借酒菜平息。这是饮 食活动对社会心理的调节功能。2 "grain weight raises:" keep "six dirty," dietAttention human health care. The Chinese diet attention to variousThe colloca

8、tion of food, such XiangShengXiangKe cournties, YinYang formula rational knowledge instruction cooking. 2重养：以 “五谷 ”养“六脏 ”，饮食中重视人体养生保健。中国的饮 食注意各种食物的搭配， 以相生相克、 相辅相成等阴阳调和之理性认 识指导烹饪。3 heavy flavour: Chinese food is the most attention to the food'sFlavour, exquisite "color, aroma, taste and appe

9、arance". Dr. Sun yat-sen "Don't taste, divides the cooking of bad", aestheticThe first meaning for cooking. 3重味：中国的饮食最注重食物的味，讲究“色、香、味、型 ”。孙中山先生讲 “辩味不精，则烹调之述不妙 ”，将审美视作烹调的第一要 义。4 weighs about the emotional activities: dietAnd a guide and promote the grade. ChinaAdvocate healthy diet

10、 culture, graceful upwards Attune, the pursuit of a noble sentiment. 4重理：对于饮食活动中的情感文化，有个引导和提升品位的问题。 中国的饮食提倡健康优美、 奋发向上的文化情调， 追求一种高尚的情 操。(2) the diet culture in wester n cou ntries西方国家的饮食文化The main characteristic is western-style food: one is born. IfSteak with bloodshot, 2 is cold, who drinks like ic

11、eBlock, Three is sweet, sweet, eat not eat not sweet. Besides theType, fine food, fast and convenient, also don'tLuxury, more popular.西式餐饮的主要特点是：一是生如牛排带血丝；二是冷，如凡是饮 料都加冰块；三是甜，无甜不餐，无餐不甜。此外西式餐饮不讲究精 细，追求快捷方便，也不奢华，比较大众化。Besides western-style still following features: 此外西餐还有以下显著 特点：1 the importance of

12、 nutrition ingredient combinations, rootAccording to various human nutrition (carbohydrate, fat, protein, dimensionRaw meat) and heat to arrange the demand and processing cooking. 1重视各类营养成分的搭配组合， 根据人体对各种营养 (糖类、脂肪、 蛋白质、维生素 )和热量的需求来安排菜或加工烹调。2 fine materials, materials. In western cuisineWhen the mater

13、ial is very delicate, elegant, and the material is very widePan. If American cuisine dishes or rice production common fruit,Sweet; carry salty, Italian food will be made of pastaInto strips and various dishes: can be made to spend noodles, and beautyFlavor table delicacies.2选料精细，用料广泛。西餐烹饪在选料时十分精细、考究

14、，而且选料十分广泛。如美国菜常用水果制作菜肴或饭点，咸里带甜；意大利菜则会将各类面食制作成菜肴：各种面片、面条、面花都能制成美 味的席上佳肴。3 exquisite taste seasoning, variety. West polonium is cookingDifferent from the dressing mostly Chinese, such as sour cream, guangxi Leaf, lemon, etc are common spices.3讲究调味，调味品种多。西镤烹调的调味品大多不同于中餐，如 酸奶油、桂叶、柠檬等都是常用的调味品。4 notice co

15、lour and lustre. The collocation of colour and lustre is in pay Contrast, lively, bright color, can stimulate appetite.4注重色泽。在色泽的搭配上则讲究对比、明快，因而色泽鲜艳， 能刺激食欲。5, cooking method variety. Western tenPoints to process, pay attention to scientific and programmed, workSequence. Western food cooking methods,

16、many areFried, stewed, baking, frying, braised, fans, fume, grilled etc, One grilled, bake, most fans. 5工艺严谨，烹调方法多样。西餐十分 注重工艺流程，讲究科学化、程序化，工序严谨。西餐的烹调方法很 多，常用的有煎、烩、烤、焖、煽、炸、熏、铁扒等十几种，其中铁 扒、烤、煽最具特色。6 vessels. Cook the cooker and tableware are thereDifferent from Chinese characteristics. Especially the ta

17、bleware, exceptporcelainProduct, crystal, glass and metal cutlery wasLarge proportion. 6器皿讲究。烹调的炊具与餐具均有不同于中餐的 特点。特别是餐具，除瓷制品外，水晶、玻璃及各类金属制餐具占很 大比重。Second, the western diet reasons for the differenee二、中西方饮食产生 差异的原因(a) the western diet culture origi n一 )中西方饮食文化的渊源 Chinese traditional culture in the soci

18、al development and thought, The differences in life custom, etc, the west diet Cultural differences.中西方在社会发展、传统文化思想、生活习俗等方面的差异，造就了 中西饮食文化的差异。1 China traditional culture. By early Chinese cultureRichard environment restraint greatly. China is located in the Asian continentIn the vast desert northwest

19、 is, grassland andWall is boundless, southeast of the sea. The Chinese cultureThe Yellow River bed - but is fertile land and airSyndrome is poor condition. Although the pre-qin henda, phase Each paper discusses this quite openly, pure, but to run, the purpose is To establish an ideal world without s

20、truggle. China,The other two also has the characteristic is applicable and pursuitLove characteristics. In pursuit of all applicableTechnology is developed, such as the agricultural science and technology and medical ten distributionDa. Love is the core of Confucius' thought "loving is love

21、"Surface, traditional to China culture influences. 1中国传统文化。 早期 中国文化受地理环境的制约很大。 中国位于亚洲大陆的东南部， 西北 面是茫茫的沙漠、草原和戈壁，东南则是茫茫的大海。中国文化的温 床黄河流域，土地比较肥沃，但是气候条件比较恶劣。尽管先秦 诸子百家，相互诘难，殚精竭力，却殊途同归，目的都是要建立一个 没有争斗的理想世界。 中国文化还具有另外的两大特征是追求适用和 仁爱特征。 追求适用表现在所有的实用的技术十分发达， 如农业科技 和医学十分发达。仁爱是由孔子思想的核心是 “仁者爱人 ”表面出来， 对中国传统文化影响

22、深远。2. Of western culture. The western culture refers to the generalized yield Born in western and eastern culture corresponding culture Department. The western culture is narrow only refers to the European culture. sheThe source of the Aegean sea in the northeast. Because thisThe birthplace of civil

23、ization in the natural life providedMaterial is not so abundant, people must strive to explore natureThe mystery. Therefore, exploring the nature and mysteryUsing natural resource service humanity became European spiritThe mainstream. Conquer the nature, training in scientific consciousness Cheng, w

24、esterners pay special attention to the development of rational thinking, RichardSex became typical features of western culture. At the same time Natural process, people will continue to know yourself. west Another major features FangWenHua by individuals is for Social standard and self-centered, pay

25、 attention to the personality Yan. All boundaries between interests, each one hasEvery man's life space, non-interference in each other. 2 西方文化。广 义的西方文化是指产生于西半球与东方文化相对应的文化体系。 狭义 的西方文化即仅指欧洲文化。 她的源头在地中海东北部的爱琴海。 由 于这种文明的发源地里所提供的天然生活资料不是那么充裕， 人们必 须努力探索自然的奥秘。 因此探索自然界的奥秘， 开发和利用自然资 源服务人类就成了欧洲精神的主流。 在征服

26、自然、 培养科学意识的过 程中，西方人特别重视发展理性思维， 理性成了西方文化的典型特征。 同时在认识自然的过程中， 人也不断地认识自己。 西方文化的另一个 主要特征就是以个人为社会本位，以自我为中心，注重人格的尊严。 众人之间利益界限划分明显，各人有各人的生活空间，互不干涉。(2) things cultural differences affect diet( 二)东西文化差异影响饮食差 异People in food diet idea is making and eatingIn the process of the idea, by the natural sciences,The

27、humanities, especially the influence of philosophy. Different philosophyIdeological and cultural spirit and way of thinkingWill produce the different diet idea. The Chinese diet conceptionIs the food tastes, western concept is characterOut. This is mainly due to the different between China and weste

28、rn countriesPhilosophy and thus form the cultural spirit and thinkingMode.饮食观念是人们在食物的制作和食用过程中所形成的观念， 深受自然 科学、人文科学尤其是哲学的影响。 不同的哲学思想及由此形成的文 化精神和思维方式将产生不同的饮食观念。 中国的饮食观念是五味调 和，西方的饮食观念是个性突出。 这主要是由于中国和西方国家不同 的哲学思想及因此形成的文化精神和思维方式而产生的。First, from philosophy, Chinese philosophyOne important core is exquisite

29、 "gas" and "without phase" the western philosophy is exquisite and vanitySeparation and opposites. 首先，从哲学思想看， 中国哲学思想的一个重要核心是讲究 “气”与“有 无相生 ”；西方哲学思想则讲究实体与虚空的分离与对立。Secondly, from the cultural spirit and the way of thinking, Based on the philosophy of western culture, spirit andThink

30、ing mode is not the same: China and exquisiteOverall, emphasizes functional, Western exquisite and separation, strong Adjustable structure.Two hundred - - factoryMouth subtends enterprise!其次，从文化精神和思维方式来看，基于哲学思想的不同，中西的 文化精神和思维模式也大不相同： 中国讲究天人合一， 强调整体功 能；西方讲究天人分离，强调形式结构。Third, in recognition of the thi

31、nking mode, byIn the universe, the different modes of China emphasizes the whole function,Western emphasizes formal structure. China's overall function is bag With the function of the unknown part. Its overall properties On the whole the gas is revealed in all parts. Perfusion The results of the

32、 physical structure, each part is relatively minor And the whole perfusion during this entity structure of "gas"Is the most important. 第三，在认识事物的思维方式上，由于宇宙模式的不同，中国强调整 体功能，西方强调形式结构。 中国的整体功能是包含了未知部分的整 体功能。它的整体性质的显现是靠整体之气灌注于各部分之中的结 果，各部分的实体结构是相对次要的， 而整体灌注在这一实体结构中 的“气”才是最重要的。In Chinese, only di

33、fferent thingsUp to form beauty, then life harmony,Cooking on and beauty. Westerners to form the structureAdjustable also directly from the universe mode. The western eye The world is a world of the entity, the entityBody, and the precision is form.在中国人看来， 只有不同的东西综合起来才能形成美， 于是生活中以 和为贵，烹饪上以和为美。西方人对形式

34、结构的强 调也直接源于其 宇宙模式。西方人眼中的世界是一个实体的世界，对实体世界的具 体化、精确化就是形式。Third, the western diet con ception三、中西方饮食观念的差异The west is a kind of rational diet conception, regardless of food The color, fragrance, taste, shape, and strive to taste bland and food The equilibrium. Westerners believe that eating is a hand Sec

35、tion, and enjoy the diet is important position,So won't excessively pursuit of taste. For cooking food And the starting point and nutritional is their destination. Their research and development efforts in different foodsThe nutritional difference, even, also must taste waking Want to eat, becau

36、se the nutrition. In the table, canWith exquisite tableware, exquisite material, exquisite service, exquisite cuisineThe raw material of shape, color, the collocation of aspects, But no matter howLuxury high-grade, only one kind of taste, without art, As the food is chicken steaks, chicken steaks, t

37、hough, is There is tie-in, the dish in, on the colourBright, but in than in each phase of raw material on the taste The dry. Each is different, simple and clear.However, the Chinese are a sensible dietRead. Chinese food very much ". People have to eatTo develop acme, not only survive, also used

38、 it to maintainHealth, namely "than the supplements;" Meanwhile people for beauty The tireless pursuit of taste. But deliciousBorn in, make BenWei food, after heatingThe ripe smell, plus the ingredients and accessories, and spices The children of flavour, combine together, make coordinatio

39、n Mutual complement, mutual penetration. In China, the dietCulture, "flavour" pursuit for "nutrition" thanThe pursuit of beauty, diet. Apparently overwhelmed pursuitSex - from table variety of dishes will notDifficult to see. This value concept formed between Chinese foodToo much

40、 notice food color, fragrance, taste, while the westerners Throughout persisted from nutrition is Angle, contempt Other functions of food. 西方是一种理性饮食观念，不论食物的色、香、味、形如何，力求口 味清淡和膳食的均衡。 西方人认为饮食只是一种手段， 因而享受在饮 食中并不占重要位置，故而不会过分地追求口味。对于烹饪食物，营 养性就是他们的出发点和目的地。 他们全力开发和研究食物在不同状 态下的营养差异，即便口味千篇一律，也一定要吃下去 因为有 营养。在宴

41、席上，可以讲究餐具，讲究用料，讲究服务，讲究菜 之原料的形、色，方面的搭配；但不管怎么豪华高档，菜只有一种味 道，无艺术可言， 作为菜肴，鸡就是鸡，牛排就是牛排， 纵然有搭配， 那也是在盘中进行的， 色彩上对比内鲜明， 但在滋味上各种原料互不 相干，调和。各是各的味，简单明了。然而， 中国人却是一种感性 饮食观念。中国人很重视 “吃”。人们把吃的功能发挥到极致，不仅维 持生存，还用它维持健康，即 “药补不如食补 ”；同时人们对美味展开 了孜孜不倦的追求。而美味的产生，在于调和，要使食物的本味，加 热以后的熟味，加上配料和辅料的味，以及调料的调和之味，交织融 合协调在一起，使之互相补充，互助渗透

42、。可见，在中国的饮食文化 中，对 “味”的追求往往大于对 “营养”的追求，饮食的美性追求显然压 倒了理性 从餐桌上各式各样的菜色中就不难看出。 这种价值理念 的差别形成了中餐过分注重饭菜色、香、味的特点，而西方人则自始至终坚持着从营养角度出发，轻视饭菜的其他功能Four, the western diet differe nceS四、中西方饮食方式的差异(a) sat forms of differe nces( )就坐形式的差异In the American diet is very different, this wayDifference of national character ma

43、y also be affected. In China's feast Mat, everybody, sharing a circle round table. With round tableTable, it is in the form of a unity, polite,The atmosphere of interest. The people, make a toast, advisedFood, beautiful things in front, reflected between peopleMutual respect, the comity of virtu

44、e. Although the Angle from healthJ management observation, February 2009See, this way has obvious deficiency, butIt meets our national "happy".The banquet catering western-style, is the core of companionship, Through the conversation between the guest and the neighbour, achieve companionsh

45、ipPurpose. If the party's companionship and dance similarities Ratio. Then say, Chinese style banquets like ballroom dancing,But men and women are like banquet of dancing. thus Visible, Chinese and western dinner party companionshipObviously, only Chinese style of party reflected morelyAt the fe

46、ast, and banquet more fellowship in phaseThe neighbors asked guests fellowship. And the way of the Chinese diet The difference is more obvious of popular western buffet.You need not fixed in the table, eat, About freedom, this way for individuals Feeling, not all will communicate the word, also In t

47、he west of self respect individuality,. but The dinner, the lack of mutual interfered some Chinese Chat. Jihs huan 中美方的饮食方式有很大不同， 这种差异对民族性格也有影响。 在中 国的宴席，大家团团围坐，共享一席。筵席要用圆桌，这就从形式上 造成了一种团结、礼貌、共趣的气氛。人们相互敬酒、相互让菜、劝 菜，在美好的事物面前，体现了人们之间相互尊重、礼让的美德。虽 然从卫生的角度J管理观察2009年2月看，这种饮食方式有明显的 不足之处，但它符合我们民族 “大团圆”的普遍心态。西式

48、饮宴上，宴 会的核心在于交谊，通过与邻座客人之间的交谈，达到交谊的目的。 如果将宴会的交谊性与舞蹈相类比。 那么可以说， 中式宴席好比是集 体舞，而西式宴会好比是男女的交谊舞。由此可见，中式宴会和西式 宴会交谊的目的部很明显，只不过中式宴会更多地体现在全席的交 谊，而西式宴会多体现于相邻宾客之问的交谊。与中国饮食方式的 差异更为明显的是西方流行的自助餐。 大家各取所需， 不必固定在位子上吃，走动自由，这种方式便于个人之间的情感交流，不必将所有的话摆在桌面上，也表现了西方人对个性、对自我的尊重。但各吃各 的，互不相扰，缺少了一些中国人聊欢共乐的情调。 the differe nces in ea

49、t ing tools 用餐工具的差异Chinese use chopsticks, dining, eatA bowl with rice bowls, While the westerners are dish, with foodDao is cut eat, drink soup spoon is special. The knifeThe origin and early European ancient nomads habitsThey live close to carry knives, often cooked meat,Cut down to eat. Chinese e

50、arly in the spring and autumn and warring states periodUsing chopsticks. Chopsticks is the human fingerStretch, finger can do it almost all can do, and fearHeat and cold. Chinese use chopsticks to replace table knifeFork, reflected in a culture hero scholar than the advantageWestern savage warriors.

51、 A pair of chopsticks and zhang to taste Mouth is made with Chinese characteristics, abound the diet culture. 中国人用餐使用的是筷子，汤匙，吃饭用碗盛；而西方人则是盘子盛 食物，用刀即切即吃，喝汤则有专门的汤匙。刀的最初起源和欧洲古 代游牧民族的生活习惯有关， 他们马上生活随身带刀， 往往将肉烧熟， 割下来就吃。 中国人早在春秋战国时期就开始使用筷子。 筷子可说是 人类手指的延伸，手指能做的事它几乎都能做， 而且不怕高温与寒冷。中国以筷子取代餐桌上的刀叉， 反映了学者以文化英雄的优势胜

52、过了西方的野蛮武士。双筷子和张要滋味的嘴巴造就了富于中国特色 的饮食文化。(3) dining way 就餐方式的差异 Usually a Chinese dinner is a meal "Sharing" the way, Shared a table, sharing the table The dishes, often a dish, just in the master Yin Hello, they frequently collaborate together. " In the end, the bill is to pay. allTo emp

53、hasize the outstanding is a "close" word.By the influence of individualism thought, westerners pleaseThe habit of eating guest is an a person, and each objectSince some of their own food, need not consider others taste and 1 Preferences, meals and eat their dinner, pay Also often take AA s

54、ystem, each one pays the bill 通常中国人请客吃饭采取的是一种 “共享”的方式，大家共享一席，共 享桌上的菜肴，往往一道菜刚上桌，在主人的殷勤招呼下，众人通力 合作，共同 “消灭”盘中之物，最后结账也是争相付钱。一切行为都强 调突出的是一个 “合”字。而受个人主义思想的影响，西方人请客吃饭 的习惯是每人一份， 且主客双方各自点自己的饭菜， 不必考虑他人的 1：3 味和喜好，用餐时也只吃自己的盘中餐，付钱也往往采取AA制，各人自付各人账。Five, Chinese and western restaurants object varianc五、中西餐饮对象差异(a)

55、catering object variances(一)餐饮对象差异Westerners believe that food is to eat, so specialBig meat, chicken block "food". But Chinese dishes"Eat flavour", so the Chinese cooking in the material alsoA great many westerners as arbitrary outcastIn China, is a good raw material, foreign ch

56、efUnable to handle things, to a Chinese chef hands, justCan decayed for magical. Chinese food in reading materialsAspect of the arbitrary.西方人认为菜肴是充饥的，所以专吃大块肉、整块鸡等 “硬菜 ”。而 中国的菜肴是 “吃味 ”的，所以中国烹调在用料上也显出极大的随意 性：许多西方人视为弃物的东西，在中国都是极好的原料，外国厨师 无法处理的东西，一到中国厨师手里，就可以化腐朽为神奇。足见中 国饮食在用料方面的随意性之广博。According to the i

57、nvestigation of the western, Chinese scholars plantsThe plants are more than 600 many western six times. actualIn Chinese, the dishes, vegetarian food is ordinary,Volunteers only during the holiday or higher living standards,Enter the normal diet, so has heFood, "said, dish in normal diet of go

58、dGuiding status. Chinese food in plants, and BuddhismACTS of thousands of advocating a wire connection. Million,They moveFor a "living", and "spirit" is, therefore, someChinese advocates vegetarianism.据西方的植物学者的调查， 中国人吃的菜蔬有 600 多种，比西方多六 倍。实际上，在中国人的菜肴里，素菜是平常食品，荤菜只有在节假 目或生活水平较高时，才进入

59、平常的饮食结构，所以自古便菜食 ”之说，菜食在平常的饮食结构中占主导地位。 中国人的以植物为主菜， 与佛教徒的鼓吹有着千缕万丝的联系。他们视动物为 “生灵 ”，而植物 则“无灵”，所以，有些中国人主张素食主义。Westerners in their countries diet is introducedIn China, more than when the reasonable nutrition value is tie-in,The food industry has developed, such as fast, canned,Although taste, but saves time machine-made, and nutritionSo small. Someoneaccording to the western diet object obvious diffe